2011年英語考研模擬題五與精析.doc

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SectionⅠ Use of English 　　 Directions: 　　 Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points ) 　　 Some call it the Smart Shooter, a new rifle for American infantry troops that is two weapons in one, is accurate up to 1,000 yards and in 1 fires 2 corners. Its message to enemies is that they can run but they cant hide. 　　 Still in the development phase, the rifle for 2006 has just been 3 off with great 4 by the Pentagon to members of Congress who will be asked to 5 the money. The makers, Alliant Techsystems, say that the weapon will revolutionize 6 combat much as the machine gun. 　　 Pentagon jargon has given the new gun a(an) 7 title: the Objective Individual Combat Weapon. 8 one trigger, the rifle can fire a standard 5-56mm Nato bullet and a 20mm high explosive shell that will burst in the air. It can 9 shrapnel behind, 10 or even from the side of enemy troops who have taken 11 behind a building. The shell can be 12 to explode after a short delay. The weapons 1,000 yard accuracy is twice 13 of other rifles, made possible by a laser system built into the sight. This rangefinder fixes the target, measures the distance and passes it along to a computer chip in the shell. 　　 The gunsight has an infrared lens for night 14. It can also have video camera with a zoom lens that is linked to a video display attached to the soldiers helmet, allowing him to aim 15 without exposing himself to enemy return fire. But there are snags still be 16 out. Two men were 17 when a shell burst in a barrel during firing tests. The rifle weighs more than 181b. There are questions whether its electronic innards will be rugged enough for rain, snow and difficult 18. 　　 Michael Klare, a professor of peace and world security issues and a board member of the Arms Control Association, says that the Pentagon is seeking this combination of firepower and automation to compensate for the uncertain aim of GIs. He said: "Soldiers wont have to worry about careful steady aim. Theyll just look 19 the viewfinder and 20 the trigger." 　　 1A reality　　 B affect 　　C effect 　　D operation 　　 2Aat　　Bin　　Cbeyond　　Daround 　　 3Aput　　Bshown　　Cchecked　　Dgiven 　　 4Apride　　Banxiety　　Chonor　　Dexpectation 　　 5Aput up　　Bcount in　　Cpay for　　Dlook for來源：www.examda.com 　　 6ALand　　Bbrilliant　　Cpowerful　　Dawkward 　　 8AUsed　　BFixed　　CUsing　　DFixing 　　 9Aspray　　Bspatter　　Csplash　　Dsprinkle 　　 10Aover　　Bon　　Cabove　　Dupon 　　 11Aaim　　Bcover　　Crisks　　Dheed 　　 12Aestimated　　Bcalculated　　Cseeded　　Dtimed 　　 13Aas　　Bthat　　Cthan　　Dmuch 　　 14Avision　　Bsight　　Cobservation　　Dspeculation 　　 15Aexactly　　Bprecisely　　Caccurately　　Dcorrectly 　　 16Aremoved　　Bironed　　Cmade　　Ddrawn 　　 17Ainjured　　Bhurt　　Charmed　　Dwounded 　　 18Aterrain　　Bdomain　　Cfield　　Dterritory 　　 19Aat　　Bover　　Cinto　　Dthrough 　　 20Apush　　Bpull　　Cpress　　Djerk 　　 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension 　　 Part A 　　 Directions: 　　 Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points) 　　 Text 1 　　 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well men neared motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand. 　　 Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes along way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. 　　 However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies. 　　 A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give and take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 　　 21According to the first paragraph, which of the following reflects the situation on the roads? 　　 ATraffic Jams are mainly caused by the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life. 　　 BThe manners of the drivers are the only reason for the traffic jams. 　　 C"Be kind to other drivers" is a campaign to change the rude drive. 　　 DPeople can not tolerate good manners on the road. 　　 22The author argues that road politeness . 　　 Acan better the traffic unconditionally 　　 Bcalls for a drivers cool-headed and good-tempered personality 　　 Ccan be found after the modern traffic conditions stand up 　　 Dare acknowledged by most drivers 　　 23Which of the following does NOT illustrate misplaced politeness? 　　 AEncouraging old ladies to cross the road at any time they want. 　　 BBraking suddenly to allow a car to emerge from a side street. 　　 CA motorist driving into traffic streams without considering others. 　　 DWaving a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles. 　　 24According to the experts, facing the car-ownership explosion, we should . 　　 Abe more considerate yield to each other 　　 Bcommunicate with each other more often 　　 Chave a cool head and good temper來源：www.examda.com 　　 Davoid misplaced politeness 　　 25The authors attitude towards road politeness seems to be . 　　 Asuspicious　　Bindifferent　　Cironical　　Dobjective 　　 Text 2 　　 In the warm enclosed waters of farm ponds, conditions are very likely to be lethal for fish when insecticides are applied in the vicinity. As many examples show, the poison is carried in by rains and runoff from surrounding lands. Sometimes the ponds receive not only contaminated runoff but also a direct dose as rop dusting pilots neglect to shut off the duster in passing over a pond. Even without such complications, normal agricultural use subjects fish to far heavier concentrations of chemicals than would be require to kill them. In other words a marked reduction in the enclosure nets used would hardly change the lethal situation, for applications of over 0.1 pound per acre to the pond itself are generally considered hazardous. And the poison, once introduced is hard to get rid of. One pond that has been treated with DDT (殺蟲劑) to remove unwanted shiners remained poisonous through repeated drainings and flushings that it killed 94 percent of the sun fish with which it was later stocked. Apparently the chemical remained in the mud of the pond bottom. 　　 Conditions are evidently no better now than when the modern insecticides first came into use. The Oklahoma Wildlife Conservation Department stated in 1961 that reports of fish losses in farm ponds and small lakes had been coming in at the rate of at least one a week, and that such reports were increasing. The conditions usually responsible for these losses in Oklahoma were those made familiar by repetition over the years: the application of insecticides to crops, heavy rain, and poison washed into the ponds. 　　 In some parts of the world the cultivation of fish in ponds provides an in dispensable source of food. In such places the use of insecticides without regard for the effects of fish creates immediate problems. In Rhodesia, for example, the young of an important African food fish are killed by exposure to only 0.04 parts per million of DDT in shallow pools. Even smaller doses of many other insecticides would be lethal. The shallow waters in which these fish live are favorable mosquito-breeding places. The problem of controlling mosquitoes and at the same time conserving a fish important in the Central African diet has obviously not been solved satisfactorily. 　　 26.The authors tone in this passage can be best described as . 　　 Areportorial　　　　Bsarcastic 　　 Ccondemnatory　　Dmournful 　　 27.According to the passage, the one factor that is not responsible for the presence of insecticides in ponds is . 　　 Athe weather bringing in rains 　　 Bhuman error in crop-dusting 　　 Ccommon farming methods 　　 Dindustrialization use of chemicals 　　 28.The author uses the case of the Rhodesian fish in order to . 　　 Ashow the harmful effects of killing fish 　　 Bprove that problems are the same everywhere 　　 Cshow that fish is an indispensable source in diet 　　 Dconsider the problem of controlling mosquitoes 　　 29. In this passage, what the author does not do is . 　　 Astate a problem　　　　Bgive examples 　　 Cpropose a solution　　　Drelate causes 　　 30.The last sentence of this passage means that . 　　 Ayou can not control mosquitoes if you want to conserve an important fish 　　 Byou can not conserve an important fish if you want to control mosquitoes 　　 Cthe Central Africans will have no fish to eat if this fish cant be protected properly 　　 Dit is not so easy and satisfactory to solve these two problems at the same time 　　 Text 3 　　 The term "joint international business venture", joint venture for short, has come to mean many things to many people. It sometimes is taken to mean any joint relationship between one or more foreign firms and one or more local firms. Such a broad definition is excluded here. Joint venture will be taken to mean joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based. 　　 Joint ventures can take many forms. A foreign firm may take a majority share, a minority share, or an equal share in ownership. While it is not necessary to have financial control or to have operating control, some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a majority position in ownership. There are firms that have few qualms about holding minority position, however, so long as they can have operating control. They achieve this through technical-aid, management, or supply contracts. 　　 It should be recognized that maintaining operating control is sometimes difficult if one does not have financial control too. Objectives of the participants may diverge; when they do,financial control becomes important. Management may wish to reinvest earnings while the majority of the board may wish earnings distributed as dividends. Unless policy issues of this kind can be settled amicably, lack of financial control can prove to be very unsatisfactory, if not fatal. 　　 Many joint ventures emerge as matters of necessity: that is, no single firm is willing to assume the risks entailed, while a consortium of firms is. Large, capital-intensive, long-lived investments are natural candidates for the joint venture. Exploitation of resource deposits often is done by a consortium of several petroleum or mining firms. Roles are parceled out even though each phase of the operation is owned jointly. One firm does the actual mining, another provides transportation, and still another does the refining and extraction. There is a wide variety of combinations. 　　 Also the joint venture can pose problems, especially if it is an enforced marriage of partners. For many ventures in small countries, it is difficult to find a suitable local partner, that is, one with sufficient capital and know how to be able to contribute to the partnership. In some developing countries, a small handful of families control the entire locally-owned part of the industrial structure. Under these circumstances, a joint venture merely insulates them further from independent, foreign-owned plants that would compete against them. For this and other reasons, the only suitable partner may end up being the government itself. Most multinational firms, however, shy away from such arrangements where possible. 　　 31The phrase "joint venture" mentioned in the first paragraph refers to . 　　 A.any joint relationship between one foreign firm and one local firm 　　 B.any joint relationship between foreign firms 　　 C.joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based 　　 D.all of the above 　　 32 The word "qualms" in the second paragraph may have the equal meaning with . 　　 A.abilities　　B.worries　　C.possibilities　　D.limits來源：www.examda.com 　　 33 According to the author, which of the following is most important? 　　 A.Majority position.　　B.Operating control. 　　 C.Financial control.　　D.Support of the government. 　　 34 Which of the following is not the advantages of the joint venture? 　　 A.It can assume more risks. 　　 B.It may gather more capital. 　　 C.Large and long-lived investment can be carried out. 　　 D.The partners will make concerted efforts towards one target. 　　 35 Which of the following is true according to the text? 　　 A. A foreign firm often takes a majority share in a joint venture. 　　 B.Lack of financial control may be fatal to a firm participating in joint venture. 　　 C.Joint venture is very helpful to developing countries. 　　 D.Government is the best partner in a joint venture. 　　 Text 4 　　 In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. 　　 According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earths chief food-growing zones. 　　 In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. 　　 Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. 　　 However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? 　　 One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward. 　　 Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(慣性)of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the suns diminishing heat. 　　 36.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would . 　　 A.prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surface 　　 B.mean a warming up in the Antarctic 　　 C.account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere 　　 D.raise the temperature of the earths surface 　　 37.The article was written to explain . 　　 A.the greenhouse effect 　　 B.the solar effects on the earth 　　 C.the models of solar-weather interactions來源：www.examda.com 　　 D.the causes affecting weather 　　 38.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is . 　　 A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising 　　 B.possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting 　　 C.exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earths climate 　　 D.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy 　　 39.On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that . 　　 A.the climate of the world should be becoming cooler 　　 B.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earths climate to take effect 　　 C.the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects 　　 D.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect 　　 40.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, . 　　 A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels 　　 B.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere 　　 C.the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly 　　 D.the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth 　　 Part B 　　 Directions: 　　 In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. 　　 I remember one night a few years ago when my daughter was frantic with worry. After my Harvard Extension School classes, I usually arrived at the bus station near my home by 11 p.m., but on that night I was nowhere to be found. My daughter was nervous. It wasnt safe for a single woman to walk alone on the streets at night, especially one as defenseless as I am: I can slay a mugger with my sharp wit, but I m just too short to do any real physical damage. 　　 That night my daughter checked the bus station, drove around the streets, and contacted some friends. But she couldnt find me - until she called my astronomy professor who told her that I was on top of the Science Center using the telescope to gaze at the stars. Unaware of the time, I had gotten lost in the heavens and was only thinking about the new things I had learned that night in class. 　　 This story illustrates a habit I have developed