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摘要
隨著現(xiàn)代制造技術的迅速發(fā)展，計算機技術的應用，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，模具已成為生產(chǎn)各種工業(yè)產(chǎn)品不可缺少的重要工藝裝備。特別是在塑料產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過程中，塑料模具的應用及其廣泛，在各類模具中的地位也越來越突出，其中廢紙簍的模具設計也成為具有代表意義的模具之一。市場上也的廢紙簍形狀、功能各異，有卡通版的、家具版的，這些都可以吸引顧客的目光，引起顧客的購買欲。此次設計的廢紙簍結構較簡單，但在設計時考慮其應用，還相應地做了些曲面，所以曲面的結構較多，計算也較多。本次設計闡述了模具CAD/CAE的技術特點以及先進制造模式在模具行業(yè)中的應用。在進行注塑模設計時，可以方便、準確、快速地查詢和計算出所有設計參數(shù)，它是模具設計智能化、快速化的重要技術手段。
塑料是20世紀發(fā)展起來的新興材料，由于應用廣泛已替代部分金屬、木材、皮革及其硅酸鹽等自然材料，成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)和生活中不可缺少的一種人造化學合成材料，并與木材、金屬、硅酸鹽三種傳統(tǒng)材料一起，成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中四種重要的原材料之一，而注塑模是其中發(fā)展較快的種類，它是隨著石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展而應而生的，目前塑料制件幾乎已經(jīng)進入一切工業(yè)部門以及人民日常生活的各個領域。隨著機械工業(yè)電子工業(yè)，航空工業(yè)、儀器儀表工業(yè)和日常用品工業(yè)的發(fā)展，塑料成型制件的需求量越來越多，質量要求也越來越高，這就要求成型塑件的模具的開發(fā)，設計制造的水平也須越來越高。因此，研究注塑模具對了解塑料產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過程和提高產(chǎn)品質量有很大意義。
近年來，出現(xiàn)了許多新的塑料成型工藝方法。如注射成型技術方面的無流道凝料成型、熱固性塑料注射成型、排氣注射成型反應注射成型以及多種塑料的共注射成型，常用的成型工藝有注射成型、壓縮成型、傳遞成型、擠出成型、中空吹塑成型、真空吸塑與氣壓成型等。通過對塑料成型工藝的正確分析，設計了一副一模一腔的塑料模具。模具中決定塑件幾何形狀和尺寸的零部件稱為成型零件，包括螺釘、澆套口、型腔、型芯、推件板、動模板、吊環(huán)、導柱等的設計與加工工藝過程。成型零部件在工作時直接與塑料接觸，在一定的溫度下承受熔體的高溫和高壓，因此必須要有合理的結構、較高的強度和剛度、較好的耐磨性、正確的幾何形狀、較高的尺寸精度和較低的表面粗糙度。重要零件的工藝參數(shù)的選擇與計算，推出機構與澆注系統(tǒng)以及其它結構的設計過程。
根據(jù)塑料現(xiàn)有的設計計算資料及已知的設計參數(shù)，確定了塑料廢紙簍注射?？傮w設計方案。對塑料廢紙簍的工藝性能進行了分析，注射機的選擇、分型面的確定、型腔數(shù)目的確定、成型零件的設計、澆注系統(tǒng)的設計、脫模機構的設計。根據(jù)計算結果最后完成了塑料廢紙簍注射模結構設計。除此之外，還包括模具型腔部分，并利用先進軟件將其加工部分直接生成文件。本文強調利用現(xiàn)代計算機輔助設計制造技術，等國內(nèi)外著名軟件進行輔助設計，既保證了產(chǎn)品的質量，還大大地提高了制造生產(chǎn)率，縮短了產(chǎn)品更新的周期。
關鍵詞： 模具設計； 方便； 注射；
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern manufacturing technology, the application of computer technology in industrial production, the mold has become indispensable to the production of various industrial productimportant process equipment. Especially in the production of plastic products, plastic mold and widely applied, is becoming more and more prominent in the position in all kinds of mold, the wastepaper basket mould design is also become one of the representative of mould. Markets on the waste paper basket shape, different function, cartoon version, version of the furniture, which can attract customers attention, cause the customer's desire. Wastepaper basket structure of this design is simple, but to consider in the design of its application, also did some surface accordingly, so the surface structure, calculation and more. This design elaborated the mould CAD/CAE technology characteristic and the application of the advanced manufacturing mode in the mold industry. In injection mold design, can be convenient, accurate and fast query and calculate all the design parameters, it is an important technology of the mould design intelligent, rapidness method.
Plastic is the emerging materials developed in the 20th century, due to the widely used replacing part of the metal, wood, leather and silicate has the natural material such as, become indispensable in modern industry and life a kind of artificial synthetic material, and compared with wood, metal, silicate three traditional materials together, become one of the four important raw materials in modern industrial production, and injection mold is one of the types of fast development, it is with the development of petroleum industry and should be born, at present plastic parts already in almost all industrial sectors and different areas of the People's Daily life. With mechanical industry electronics industry, aviation industry, instrument industry and supplies the development of industry, more and more demand for plastic molding parts, quality requirements also more and more high, this requires molding plastics mold The level of development, design and manufacture should be higher and higher. Therefore, the research injection mold to understand the plastic product production process and improve the quality of products has great significance.
In recent years, many new methods of plastic molding process. Such as injection molding technology of flow condensation forming, thermosetting plastic injection molding, exhaust injection molding reaction injection molding, and a variety of plastic injection molding, common molding process of injection molding, compression molding, transfer molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, vacuum pressure molding (blister), etc. Through the correct analysis of plastic forming process, designed a pair of one module and one cavity plastic mold. Mold in the geometric shape and size of the plastic parts called molding parts, including screw, water mouth, cavity, core, ejecting board, dynamic template, the suspension loop, the design and machining process of guide pillar and so on. Molding parts in direct contact with the plastic at work, at a certain temperature melt under high temperature and high pressure, so there must be a reasonable structure, high strength and rigidity, good wear resistance, the correct geometry, high dimensional accuracy and low surface roughness. Important parts of the process parameters selection and calculation, and extrusion outfit, inject system and other structures of the design process.
According to the calculation in the design of plastic existing data and the known design parameters, determine the overall design scheme of the wastepaper basket plastic injection mould. Performance of the technology of plastic waste paper basket was analyzed, and the determination of the selection of injection machine, the parting surface, cavity number, molding parts design, the design of gating system design, demoulding mechanism. According to the calculation results finally completed the plastic waste basket injection mould structure design. In addition, also including the mold parts, and use the advanced software to its processing part of the generated files directly. This article emphasizes the use of modern computer aided design and manufacturing technology, domestic and foreign famous software such as aided design, not only ensure the quality of the products, also greatly improved the manufacturing productivity, shorten the cycle of product updates.
Keywords: mold design; Convenient; The injection;
目 錄
第一章引言 1
1.1 塑料模具的特點 1
1.2 注塑成型及注塑模 1
1.3 塑料成型技術的發(fā)展趨勢 2
1.3.1 模具的標準化 2
1.3.2 加強理論研 2
1.3.3 塑料制件的精密化、微型化和超大化 2
第二章塑料件結構分析 3
2.1 注塑材料結構 3
2.2 注塑材料的選擇 3
第三章塑件的工藝分析 4
3.1 塑件適用材料的種類 4
3.2 PE注塑成型的工藝條件 4
3.3 塑件材料的加工特性 5
3.4 塑料件壁厚的確定 5
3.5塑件的結構分析 6
第四章注射機的選用 7
4.1 注射模的形成 7
4.2 注射模的特點 7
4.3 注射部分的選擇 8
4.3.1 注射壓力的校核 8
4.3.2 最前端的孔和球 8
4.4 注射量的校核 8
4.5 模具與注射機安裝模具部分相關尺寸校核 9
第五章澆注系統(tǒng)的設計 10
5.1 澆注系統(tǒng)的設計 10
5.1.1 澆注系統(tǒng)設計原則 10
5.1.2 主流道設計 11
5.1.3 主流道襯套的設計 11
5.1.4 分流道的設計 12
5.1.5 澆口的設計 14
5.1.6 冷卻槽的設計 15
5.2 分型面的設計 15
5.2.1 分型面的定義 16
5.2.2.分型面的選擇設計原則 16
第六章成型零件部的設計 17
6.1 型腔尺寸計算 17
6.2 型芯尺寸計算 17
6.3 脫模機構的設計 18
6.3.1脫模機構的分類 18
6.3.2脫模力的計算 18
6.3.3脫模機構的要求 19
6.3.4模機構的選用原則 19
6.4 推出機構的設計 20
第七章加熱、冷卻系統(tǒng)的設計 21
7.1 求塑件在硬化時每小時釋放的熱量Q 21
7.2 求冷卻水的體積流量V 21
7.3 冷卻系統(tǒng)設計原則 21
小結 22
致謝 22
參考文獻 23