語法專題六 并列句和狀語從句.docx

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專題六　并列句和狀語從句 ◆并列句的考查要點 1．并列句的基本概念 并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成的。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。 2．常見的并列連詞 (1)表示遞進或順承關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有and，not only...but (also)．..等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily. (2)表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...等。 Either you are right，or I am. (3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas等。 Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now. Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not. (4)表示因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for等。 It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over. The shops were closed，so I didn’t get any milk. (5)when還可用作并列連詞，意為“那時，這時”，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb.was doing sth.when...；②sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...；③sb.had just done sth.when...。 We were having a meeting when someone broke in. We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. (6)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。 He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music. 題組訓(xùn)練1 語法填空 1．—I wonder how much you charge for your services. —The first two are free while the third costs 30. 2．Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 3．Don’t drive so fast，or you’ll have an accident. 4．She is seriously ill，but/yet she doesn’t give up hope. 5．He is a good teacher，so/and he is very popular with students. ◆時間狀語從句的考查要點 1．before引導(dǎo)的從句中不用否定式謂語。常用如下句型： It will be long before...(得過好久才……) It will not be long before...(過不了多久就……) It was long before... (過了好久才……) It was not long before... (過了不久就……) 2．since后面所用動詞不同，該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.他參軍兩年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒煙兩年了。 3．a(chǎn)s，when，while用法一覽表。 類別 作用 例句 as as表示“當(dāng)……的時候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強調(diào)主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。 She came up as I was cooking.(同時) The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時) when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。 It was raining when we arrived.(指時間點) When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段時間內(nèi)) while while意思是“當(dāng)……的時候”或“在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動詞一般要用延續(xù)性動詞。在when表示a period of time時，兩者可以互換。 Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot. (用as或when不可，這里的while意思是“趁……”) 4.引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有： (1)till，not...until...，until Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o’clock. (2)hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than表示“剛……就” We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. (3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as，意為“一……就” He made for the door directly he heard the knock. The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears. (4)each time，every time Each time he came to my city，he would call on me. 題組訓(xùn)練2 語法填空 1．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won’t bother to see it，or I’ll wait until/till it comes out on DVD. 2．They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 3．One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 4．It was April 29,2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. 5．He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ◆讓步狀語從句的考查要點 1．a(chǎn)lthough與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。 Although/Though they are poor，(yet)they are warmhearted. 2．even if或even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“即使”、“縱然”，用來使人注意下文所強調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。 I’ll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. 3．no matter后接上who，what，where，how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用whever類詞。 Don’t trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me. No matter how hard the work is，you’d better try to do it well. 4．a(chǎn)s也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，需將從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實義動詞提前至從句句首，引起倒裝；作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需省去。though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以倒裝，但although引導(dǎo)的不可以。 Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot. Much as I like it，I won’t buy. Try as he would，he couldn’t lift the heavy box. 5．while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”，比though/although語氣弱。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般要位于句首。 題組訓(xùn)練3 語法填空 1．It was a nice meal，though a little expensive. 2．While/Though/Although volleyball is her main focus，she’s also great at basketball. 3．Frank insisted that he was not asleep although/though I had great difficulty in waking him up. 4．Although/Though regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 5．While/Though/Although all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. 6．We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. ◆原因狀語從句：because，for，as，since，now that 1．表示不知道的原因時用because，即說話人認為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。 You want to know why I’m leaving？I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the boss. for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語氣較because要弱得多，是可說可不說的話，它只能置于主句之后，這時，for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關(guān)系，而是對前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時，只能用for。 It’s morning now，for the birds are singing.(很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因)。 2．表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時用as或since，即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時卻相反。 Seeing all of the children already seated，he said，“Since everyone is here，let’s start.” 3．下列情況下只能使用because： (1)在回答why的問句時； (2)在用于強調(diào)句型時； (3)被not所否定時。 ◆地點狀語從句：where，wherever等 Make a mark wherever you have any questions. We will go where the Party directs us. ◆目的狀語從句：that，so that，in order that 注意：目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞連用，否則可能是結(jié)果狀語從句，不可置于句首。 He got up early so that he could catch the early train. ◆結(jié)果狀語從句：that，so that，so...that...，such...that... 注意：so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句；such＋名詞＋that從句。 She is so good that we all like her. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. ◆方式狀語從句：as，as if/though I’ll do as I am told to. It looks as if it is going to rain. ◆條件狀語從句：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，once，on condition that等 You can use my bike as long as you return it on time. ◆注意狀語從句中從句的省略現(xiàn)象 1．連詞＋過去分詞 Don’t speak until spoken to. Unless repaired，the washing machine is no use. 2．連詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞 Look out while crossing the street. 3．連詞＋形容詞/其他 常見的有if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any等。 If necessary，I will go there. 題組訓(xùn)練4 語法填空 1．The police officers in our city work hard in order that/so that the rest of us can live a safe life. 2．She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time. 3．He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 4．Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if/as though he had done something very clever. 5．Where there is a will，there is a way. ◆語法與寫作 用狀語從句翻譯下面的句子 1．當(dāng)有人落后的時候，其他人總是過來提供幫助。(2013江西書面表達) When some fell behind，others would come and offer help. 2．通常無論我們離得多遠或多忙，我們都會盡量回家過節(jié)。(2013遼寧書面表達) Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to return home for the celebration. 3．盡管我很累，但我從沒感到這樣快樂過。(2013陜西書面表達) Tired as I was，I never felt so happy. 4．我告訴他長大后我會成為贏家。(2013湖南書面表達) I told him that I would be the winner when I grew up. 5．首先，如果你接受我的道歉，我會非常高興。(2013山東寫作) In the first place，I’ll be so happy if you could accept my apology. ◆語法填空 Do you like travelling？Staying 1.healthy(health) while 2.travelling(travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.3.If/When/While you are travelling abroad，here are the tips you need to make your trip much 4.easier(easy)： Make sure you have got signed passport(護照) and visa.Also，before you go，fill in the emergency information page of your passport！Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport 5.is stolen(steal)．Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other 6.with you in a separate place from your passport. Read the Public Announcements or Travel Warnings for the countries you plan to visit.Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to 7.which you are travelling. Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程) with family or friends at home so that you can be contacted in case of an emergency. Do not accept packages from strangers.Do not carry too much money or 8.unnecessary(necessary) credit cards.If we make enough 9.preparations(prepare)，we will succeed.Have 10.a good time!