高中英語 Unit 21《Human Biology》總復習課件 北師大版選修7

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Unit 21 Human Biology 人類生物學,Ⅰ.重點單詞聚焦 1．The coal mine accident left the miners’ families________(感到悲痛) and offered a lesson to the local government. 答案： mourning,2．It took a long time and great efforts for the couple to build up________(無條件的) love and trust. 答案： unconditional 3．The police are looking into the case and those c________with it are having a hard time. 答案： concerned,4．Lately a new law has been passed to stop the police from a________their power. 答案： abusing 5．Grandfather’s eyesight is falling，but his sense of________(聽力) seems to get better. 答案： hearing 6．Many young people of the country go to big cities to s________ their fortune. 答案： seek,7．The sports meet is held________(每年) to give students a chance to show off their sports skills. 答案： annually 8．The actor’s first e________onto the stage won him a storm of applause and cheers from the aduience. 答案： entry,9．After eating so much，we need a walk to________(消化)． 答案： digest 10．He________(濫用) his power while in office. 答案： abused,11．They________(延遲，延緩) sending an answer to the request. 答案： postponed 12．I cannot________(忍受) your bad manners. 答案： tolerate,Ⅱ.重點短語掃描 1．_____________ 徒然；白費力氣 2．_____________ 隨便地；隨意地 3．_____________ 不管多大代價；無論如何 4．_____________ 立刻；馬上 5．_____________ 徹底消滅 6．_________________________ 終止；消滅 7．_____________ 無論如何；至少,stop something in its tracks,in vain,at random,at all costs,straight away,wipe out,at any rate,8． _____________ 推遲 9． _____________ 開始認真做 10． _____________ 教育；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐；引述 11． _____________ 經(jīng)歷；通過 12． _____________ 通過(考試等)；完成；接通 13． _____________ 聚焦；集中；對準 14．_____________ 長期地；永遠地 15． _____________ 遺漏；遺忘；錯過機會,for good (and all),put off,get down to,bring.up,go through,get through,focus on,miss out,Ⅲ.課文原句突破 1．許多當代的業(yè)余運動員如果參加了首屆奧運會，他們會打破很多項世界紀錄的。 Many contemporary amateur athletes ______ ________world records________they________ ________ ________ ________the first Olympic Games. 答案： would have broken；if；had taken part in,2．弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯解，責怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。 Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all________ ________. 答案： in vain,3．獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。 ________is compulsory for winners________ ________ ________but other participants are only tested________ ________. 答案： It；to be tested；at random,4．人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。 The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part________ ________winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed________ ________ ________. 答案： rather than；at all costs,5．在西方醫(yī)藥學里，治療的重點放在身體的病灶部分。 In Western Medicine，treatment is________only________the part of the body that is ill. 答案： focused；on,6．很遺憾，由于無知，成千上萬的人們錯過了用傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)治療的機會。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance. 答案： It seems a real pity that,7．傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)終于獲得了應有的機會來幫助創(chuàng)造一個更加健康的世界。 Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it________to help create a healthier world. 答案： deserves,tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；容許 回歸課本P34：The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是影響力大的欺騙形式，體育界是不會容忍運動員服用興奮劑的。,①The school can’t tolerate cheating in exams. 學校絕不容許考試舞弊。 ②I won’t tolerate your bad manners any longer. 我再也不能忍受你那惡劣的態(tài)度了。,③I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal. 我能容忍很多事情，但決不容忍小偷小摸的事情。 ④I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time. 我不能容忍老有人打岔。,1.完成句子 事實上，一個人的容忍是有限度的。 As a matter of fact，there is______________what one person can________. 答案： a limit to；tolerate,seek (sought，sought) v．尋找；尋求；追求；探求；探索；(正式)試圖 回歸課本P34：Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. 服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運動存在的問題，每個運動項目都存在這個問題，運動員為尋求取得超常體育成績而準備欺騙。,①We should constantly seek advice from the masses. 我們應當經(jīng)常征求群眾的意見。 ②We should never seek for fame and position. 我們決不應該追求名譽和地位。 ③They are seeking to mislead us. 他們竭力誤導我們。,2.完成句子 (1)He found it worthless________________(追求名聲)． (2)She managed to calm him down and ________________________________(向一位鄰居求助)． 答案： (1)to seek fame (2)seek help from a neighbor,oppose vt.& vi.反對；反抗；對立；使相對；使面對；使對抗 回歸課本P34：Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it. 基因治療是很有爭議的。許多人反對進一步研究。,①Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost. 由于需要巨額開支，許多人反對另修一條新公路的主意。 ②We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.我們堅決反對國與國之間實行強權(quán)政治。 ③The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone. 父母極力反對女兒單獨去那里。,3.Father is strongly opposed________shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people. A．to do B．to doing C．of doing D．with doing 解析： 本題考查be opposed to (doing) sth.短語。be opposed to (doing) sth.意為“反對……”，其中to為介詞，后跟名詞或動名詞。 答案： B,postpone vt.推遲；延期 回歸課本P37：Example 1 postpone例1“阻止”,①The ball game was postponed because of rain. 球賽因下雨延期。 ②We’ll have to postpone the meeting until next week. 我們將不得不把會議推遲到下周舉行。 ③They decided to postpone building the new school. 他們決定延遲興建新學校。,4.完成句子 延遲興建新醫(yī)院的決定是不得人心的。 It was an unpopular decision to________________________________. 答案： postphone building the new hospital,prohibit vt.禁止，阻止 回歸課本P38：Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks. 從“非典”疫潮結(jié)束后，科學家們就在做治療實驗以防止將來的再次爆發(fā)。,①The high cost of the machine prohibits its widespread use. 這機器價格昂貴，很難普及使用。 ②Family finances prohibited his going to college. 他的家庭經(jīng)濟情況不容許他上大學。,③Drunk drivers are prohibited from driving. 醉酒司機禁止駕車。 ④A prohibition against smoking in offices has taken effect. 在辦公室吸煙的禁令已生效。,prohibit表示政府權(quán)威機構(gòu)發(fā)布的禁令所禁止的東西，而ban除了具有上述意義之外，還具有譴責的意義。,5.完成句子 (1)工作時間內(nèi)我們不得喝酒。 We are________________________alcohol during working hours. (2)這東西價錢太高，我們買不起。 The price____________________________ ________it. 答案： (1)prohibited from drinking (2)prohibited us from buying,rob vt.使喪失；搶奪，搶劫；剝奪 回歸課本P40：Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm. 1990年，特里心臟病發(fā)作，大腦缺氧，造成永久性傷害，陷入昏迷狀態(tài)。,①The tomb had been robbed of its treasures. 這座墳墓里的財寶早已被盜。 ②They robbed the Irish of their liberty. 他們剝奪了愛爾蘭人的自由。,辨析：rob與steal,6.用rob，steal的適當形式填空： (1)Someone________a painting from the museum. (2)They________me of all my money. 答案： (1)stole (2)robbed,decline v．下降；婉拒；n.下降；減少 回歸課本P40：Even though doctors don’t fully understand comas and the process of recovery，it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma. 雖然醫(yī)生們并沒有完全明白昏迷及其恢復過程，但是他們普遍認為病人持續(xù)昏迷的時間越長，會降低他們恢復的可能性。,(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事 (2)fall into a decline開始衰落，衰弱下去；體力衰退(尤指因患肺病而衰弱) on the decline走下坡路，在衰退中 (3)declining adj.傾斜的；衰微的；衰退的；下坡的,①An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽車的增加導致了公共交通的減少。 ②I offered to give them a lift but they declined. 我主動邀請他們搭車，但他們婉言謝絕了。 ③He declined to discuss his plan with the newspaper men. 他謝絕與新聞記者討論他的計劃。,7.完成句子 (1)很抱歉，明天晚上我沒空，所以必須謝絕你的邀請。 I’m sorry，but I’m not free tomorrow evening so I have to________________________. (2)全球經(jīng)濟自2008年以來一直在走下坡路。 Global economy______________________________since 2008. 答案： (1)decline your invitation (2)has been in decline,submit vt.遞交；提交；順從；屈服；認輸 回歸課本P137：You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June. 你本應該在6月14日提交它(文章)。,(1)submit oneself to甘受，服從 submit to服/屈從于，把……提交給……，向……提出…… (2)submission n．提交；投降；順從 submissive adj.服從的；屈從的；恭順的,①Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March. 完成的方案必須在3月10日前提交上來。 ②He was too proud to submit to such treatment. 他的自尊心太強，不甘于受那種對待。,③I did not submit to having my freedom limited. 我不甘于我的自由受到限制。 ④I submit to you that the accused is guilty. 我向你提出那個被告是有罪的。,8.We advised the hijackers (劫持者) to________themselves to the police. A．submit B．bury C．treat D．help 解析： 句意為：我們勸那些劫持者向警察投案。B項表示“專心于……”；C項表示“招待”；D項表示“隨便取用”。A項表示“屈服，投降”，只有A項符合句意要求。 答案： A,in vain徒然，白費力氣 回歸課本P34：Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain. 弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯解，責怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。,①We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我們想使他改變主意，結(jié)果是白費心機。 ②We tried vainly to persuade her not to go. 我們勸她別去，她不聽。 ③He was vain about his looks，spending hours in the gym. 他對自己的外表很自負，在健身房里一呆就是幾個小時。,9.(2009·湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were________because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A．in place B．in sight C．in effect D．in vain,解析： 考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：誰也不愿意從自己的口袋里掏一分錢，看來他為他的項目籌錢的努力是白費力氣。D項“徒勞的，無用的”符合句意。A項“在對的位置”；B項“被看到，在視線之內(nèi)”；C項“有效，實際上”。 答案： D,at random隨便地，隨意地 回歸課本P34：It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random. 獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。,①Fortune numbers are chosen at random on the computer. 幸運號碼是在電腦上隨意選出來的。 ②My phone seems to switch itself off randomly. 我的手機好像隨時自動關機。 ③He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher’s question.他沒有在聽講，對教師的問題瞎答一通。,10.完成句子 He________________________________(隨意地打開一本書) and started reading. 答案： opened a book randomly,11．It is not a good habit to state your opinion________and you’d better think it over before you act. A．a(chǎn)t all B．full of faith C．a(chǎn)t once D．a(chǎn)t random,解析： 從“you’d better think it over before you act”看出要“三思而后行”?？瞻滋帒撎钊隺t random，前半句“隨便發(fā)表你的觀點不是一種好習慣”，與后半句相吻合。 答案： D,at all costs不管多大代價，無論如何 回歸課本P34：The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人們不惜任何代價來獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。,①We must arrive there at all costs before midnight. 我們無論如何要在午夜前到達那里。 ②The new building’s going up at a cost of $82 million. 修建這座大樓要花費8,200萬美元。,③He bought a satisfactory house at the cost of all his money. 他用所有的積蓄買了一個合他心意的房子。 ④Careless driving costs him his life. 漫不經(jīng)心的開車使他喪失生命。,12.完成句子 (1)He is determined to win____________________(無論如何)． (2)The young policeman saved the little girl from the fire，but________________________(以自己的生命為代價)． 答案： (1)at any cost (2)at the cost of his own life,wipe out徹底毀滅，消除；擦凈……的內(nèi)部；結(jié)束 回歸課本P38：Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas. 流行病可以消滅居住在城市的多達一半的人口。,①The storm wiped the building out only in two hours. 在兩個小時之內(nèi)，暴風雨把那座建筑物毀壞了。 ②She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face. 她站起來擦擦臉上的汗珠。 ③He wiped away the grease from the windshield of the car. 他擦去了汽車擋風玻璃上的油漬。,13.完成句子 (1)趁著還沒有人滑倒，你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干凈。 You’d better________________________on the floor before someone slips in it. (2)醫(yī)生們正在尋找消滅癌癥的醫(yī)療方法。 Doctors are searching for a cure that will________________________. 答案： (1)wipe up the milk (2)wipe out cancer,at any rate無論如何，至少 回歸課本P137：If trends continue the way they’re going，then in my opinion，yes—in developed countries at any rate. 在我看來，如果照目前的趨勢發(fā)展下去，會是這樣的——至少在發(fā)達國家是這樣。,①At any rate，I determined to wait for his definite reply. 無論如何，我決心等他給我一個肯定的答復。 ②Well，that’s one good piece of news at any rate. 不管怎么說，這是個好消息。,③If you go on at that rate，you will injure your health. 那樣下去的話，你會把身體搞垮的。 ④The apples are sold at the rate of ￡10 for twenty. 這些蘋果以每20個10英鎊的價格出售。,14.________，he would make special mention of it in the report，for he has given us many hints about it in advance. A．At any rate B．At any moment C．At any time D．At any price,解析： 句意為：無論如何，他會在報告中特別提到這件事的，因為他已經(jīng)事先暗示我們多次了。和后面的信息一致，應該為“無論如何”。B項“隨時”；C項“在任何時候”；D項“不惜任何代價”。 答案： A,Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games. 許多當代的業(yè)余運動員如果參加了首屆奧運會，他們會打破很多項世界紀錄的。 本句含有if引導的表示虛擬的狀語從句。其具體的主句和從句的謂語動詞形式如下：,①If I had followed his advice，I would have been a mistake. 昨天如果我聽從他的建議的話，我就不會犯錯了。 ②If I were you，I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你的話，我會邀請他參加聚會。 ③What would happen if the earth should stop turning tomorrow？萬一地球明天停止運轉(zhuǎn)，會出現(xiàn)什么情況呢？,虛擬條件句和主句動作如發(fā)生的時間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選用適當?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種句子叫做錯綜時間條件句。 ④You wouldn’t find it so hard to write the composition now if you had observed life carefully.你要是以前認真觀察生活的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會覺得作文難寫了。,15.(2010·北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables________. A．wouldn’t die B．didn’t die C．hadn’t died D．wouldn’t have died,解析： 考查虛擬語氣。下句意為：如果下了一點雨的話，現(xiàn)在的情況會好些，并且我種的蔬菜也不會死了。表示對過去情況的假設，從句謂語動詞用“had done”，主句謂語動詞用“would/could/should have done”。 答案： D,Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 西班牙流感在18個月內(nèi)使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向為：年輕力壯的而不是老年人容易發(fā)病，它被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行性傳染病。,本句中Sb./Sth.be believed to do＝It’s believed that.意思為“……被認為是……”。類似的動詞還有hope/report/think/announce等。但要注意：當不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前時，不定式要用完成式；強調(diào)不定式動作正在進行時，不定式要用進行式。,①The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages. ＝It is said that the book has been translated into several foreign languages. 據(jù)說這部書已被翻譯成幾種外文。 ②The banks are widely believed to be planning a cut in interest rates.人們普遍認為銀行正在計劃降低利率。 ③The next World Cup is reported to be held in Brazil. 據(jù)報道，下屆世界杯將要在巴西舉行。,16.Your cousin is said________a new computer programme recently，but do you know when he will finish it? A．to design B．to be designing C．to have been designing D．to have designed,解析： 考查非謂語動詞。首先判斷sb.is said后面應該用不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)，同時從recently可知用完成時態(tài)，又由后半句的問話可知設計的電腦程序還沒完成，綜合以上三點可知用不定式的完成進行式，故選C項。 答案： C,Ⅰ.選詞填空 in particular；prohibit；rather than；in vain；at any rate；clear u 1．The doctors did what they could to save the old man，but________. 答案： in vain,2．—What did you want? —Oh，nothing________________. 答案： in particular 3．Although your brother treats you badly，________________，you ought to help him. 答案： at any rate,4．They always________________________________________________________________________their bedrooms before they go out. 答案： clear up,5．The spirit of sports emphasizes taking part________________________________________________________________________winning. 答案： rather than 6．After a thorough medical examination，the doctor____________the patient from drinking. 答案： prohibited,Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果法國隊隊員有更好的協(xié)作，在這樣一次重要的體育賽事中他們會表現(xiàn)更好。 If the players of the French team had had better teamwork，they________________________________in such a major sporting event. 答案： would have performed better,2．那些被認為是生手的人已經(jīng)被證明是熟練的工人。 Those________________green hands have been proved skilled workers. 答案： known as 3．如果學生在學校里被發(fā)現(xiàn)抽煙，就無法逃避懲罰。 If a student________________________in the school，they can’t escape punishment. 答案： is caught smoking,4．她負責采購電視連續(xù)劇所需的道具。 She was________________buying the properties for the television series. 答案： responsible for 5．這次水災造成近百億元的損失，使它成為歷史上最大的一次水災。 The flood led to nearly 10 billion yuan worth of loss，________________the worst in history. 答案： making it,6．最近一直在下雨，我們不得不把會議推遲到下周。 Recently we are having rainy days，so we have to________the meeting________next week. 答案： postpone；till/to,7．即使你是一個優(yōu)等生，向別人學習也是必要的。 Even though you’re a top student，it’s necessary________________________others. 答案： to learn from 8．你本來可以通過駕照考試，但是你太粗心了。 You________________________the driving test，but you were too careless. 答案： could have passed,Ⅲ.語法專練 本單元語法——條件句和混合條件句；情態(tài)動詞和表達法 1．(2011·河北衡水模擬)—Did Jack take the doctor’s advice that he________in bed for a couple of days? —If only he________. A．lies；does B．lay；did C．lie；did D．lie；had,解析： 句意為：——杰克是否采納了醫(yī)生的建議，在家里躺了幾天？——要是他真那樣做就好了。第一空考查advice的同位語從句，從句中的謂語用(should＋)動詞原形，所以選lie；第二空if only但愿……，要是……的話就好了，其后用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句中Did Jack.可知與過去事實相反，故選had，相當于：If only he had taken.。 答案： D,2．—Sorry for having kept you waiting.But for the traffic jam，I________20 minutes earlier. —Never mind.I haven’t been waiting that long. A．a(chǎn)rrived B．would arrive C．would have arrived D．had arrived,解析： 句意為：很抱歉讓你久等了。若不是交通堵塞，我就提前20分鐘到了。沒關系，我沒等那么久。but for若不是因為，如果沒有。依句意可知，此句是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，所以主句用would have done，因此選C。 答案： C,3．We________to the station because it was so near.But we took a taxi. A．walked B．had walked C．could have walked D．had to 解析： 句意為：我們本來能夠走著去車站了，因為非常近。但是我們坐的出租車。could have done過去本來能夠做某事。 答案： C,4．(2011·杭州測試)If he________quietly as the doctor instructed，Ronald，would not suffer so much now. A．laid B．lay C．should lie D．had lain,解析： 考查混合條件句。根據(jù)句意可知，從句是對過去時間的虛擬，應用過去完成時，而主句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應用would＋動詞原形。 答案： D,5．(2011·福州二模)—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.Why didn’t you drive him there? —I________.But my car________. A．would；was fixed B．would have；was fixed C．would have；was being fixed D．did；was being fixed,解析： 句意為：——我看到你叔叔打的去了機場，你為什么不開車去送他呢？——我本愿意去送他。但我的車當時正在修理。would表示“現(xiàn)在或?qū)碓敢狻?，故被排除；did表示“的確做了”，不符合本句意思，也被排除；would have表示“過去本愿意”，符合要求；第二空表示“我的車當時正被修理”，需用過去進行時。 答案： C,6．(2011·濱州一模)—Amazing！You________wear slippers at work! —Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A．must B．should C．can D．May 解析： 句意為：——真奇怪！你竟然穿著拖鞋上班?！y道你不知道這是一種時尚嗎？should表示“竟然”，其他選項不能表示此意。 答案： B,7．________for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school，she might have passed the exam. A．Had it not been B．Hadn’t it been C．Was it not D．Were it not,解析： 句意為：要不是因為在上學的路上被汽車撞了且腿部骨折，她可能就通過考試了。根據(jù)句意及主句謂語動詞形式可知從句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為A。 答案： A,8．After the bell rings，which indicates the ending of the exam，you________stay where you are until all your papers are collected. A．shall B．would C．will D．can 解析： 句意為：當標志著考試結(jié)束的鈴響后，你們必須等試卷全部被收起來后。 答案： A,練規(guī)范、練技能、練速度,練規(guī)范、練技能、練速度,,課時作業(yè)（四十二）,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,