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摘要 裝備工業(yè)的技術水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個國民經濟的水平和現(xiàn) 代化程度 數(shù)控技術及裝備是發(fā)展高新技術產業(yè)和尖端工業(yè) 如 信息 技術及其產業(yè) 生物技術及其產業(yè) 航空 航天等國防工業(yè)產業(yè) 的使 能技術和最基本的裝備 制造技術和裝備是人類生產活動的最基本的生 產資料 而數(shù)控技術則是當今先進制造技術和裝備最核心的技術 當今 世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術 以提高制造能力和水平 提高對動 態(tài)多變市場的適應能力和競爭能力 此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達國家還將數(shù) 控技術及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資 不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己 的數(shù)控技術及其產業(yè) 而且在 高精尖 數(shù)控關鍵技術和裝備方面對我 國實行封鎖和限制政策 數(shù)控機床技術的發(fā)展自 1953 年美國研制出第一臺三坐標方式升降 臺數(shù)控銑床算起 至今已有 53 年歷史了 20 世紀 90 年開始 計算機技 術及相關的微電子基礎工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展 給數(shù)控機床的發(fā)展提供了一個 良好的平臺 使數(shù)控機床產業(yè)得到了高速的發(fā)展 我國數(shù)控技術研究從 1958 年起步 國產的第一臺數(shù)控機床是北京第一機床廠生產的三坐標數(shù) 控銑床 雖然從時間上看只比國外晚了幾年 但由于種種原因 數(shù)控機 床技術在我國的發(fā)展卻一直落后于國際水平 到 1980 年我國的數(shù)控機 床產量還不到 700 臺 到 90 年代 我國的數(shù)控機床技術發(fā)展才得到了 一個較大的提速 目前 與國外先進水平相比仍存在著較大的差距 總之 大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術為核心的先進制造技術已成為世界各 發(fā)達國家加速經濟發(fā)展 提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑 加工中心 是帶有刀庫和自動換刀裝置的一種高度自動化的多功能 數(shù)控機床 在中國香港 臺灣及廣東一代也有很多人叫它電腦鑼 工件 在加工中心上經一次裝夾后 數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)能控制機床按不同工序 自 動選擇和更換刀具 自動改變機床主軸轉速 進給量和刀具相對工件的 運動軌跡及其他輔助機能 依次完成工件幾個面上多工序的加工 并且 有多種換刀或選刀功能 從而使生產效率大大提高 加工中心由于備有刀庫并能自動更換刀具 使得工件在一次裝夾中 可以完成多工序的加工 加工中心一般不需要人為干預 當機床開始程 序后 它將一直運行到程序結束 關鍵詞 數(shù)控機床 進給傳動系統(tǒng) 滾珠絲杠 仿真 abstract Industrial equipment technical level and the modernized degree determines the level and degree of modernization in the whole national economy numerical control technology and equipment is the development of high tech industries and high tech industries such as Information Industry and information technology biological technology and industry aeronautics and Astronautics national defense industry and trade industry enabling technology and the most basic equipment manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic means of production of human production and activity and numerical control technology is today s advanced manufacturing technology and equipment the core technology CNC technology widely used for manufacturing countries in the world today in order to improve the high manufacturing capacity and level improve the ability to adapt to the dynamic changeable market and competition ability In addition all industrial countries in the world will also list and CNC numerical control technology and equipment for the strategic materials of the country not only to take significant measures to develop their own numerical control technology and industry and in sophisticated key technology and equipment of numerical control of our country to implement policy of closures and restrictions The development of CNC machine tool technology since 1953 the United States developed the first three coordinate lifting mode of CNC milling machine so far has 53 years history of 20 century 90 years the rapid development of computer technology and the microelectronic industrial base to the development of CNC machine tool provides a good platform the CNC machine tool industry has been rapid development CNC technology research in our country started in 1958 domestic the first CNC machine tools is Beijing first machine tool plant production of three axis NC milling machine Although from time to time to see only later than abroad for a few years but due to various reasons CNC machine tool technology in the development of our country is a Straight after on the international level in 1980 China s output of CNC machine tools is not to 700 sets In the 1990s China s CNC machine tool technology development got a larger speed At present with foreign advanced level compared to still exist large gap In short vigorously develop the CNC technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the world s developed countries to accelerate economic development improve the comprehensive national strength and the national status of an important way Machining center with a knife library and automatically change the knife device is a highly automated multi function CNC machine tools In Hong Kong China Taiwan and Guangdong generation also many people call it the computer gongs Workpiece in machining center by a clamping the digital control system can control the machine tool according to not the same process automatic selection and replacement of cutting tools automatically change spindle speed feed rate and tool relative workpiece trajectory and other auxiliary functions in order to complete the process of the workpiece surface processing And there are a variety of change knife or knife selection function so that the production efficiency is greatly improved Machining center equipped with because of the knife and can automatically replace the tool and the workpiece in a fixture can complete the processing of multi process Processing centers do not require human intervention when the machine tool to start the program it will have to run to the end of the process Key words CNC machine tool feed drive system ball screw simulation 目 錄 第 1 章概述 1 1 1 課題的背景 1 1 2 國內外相關產品及研發(fā)現(xiàn)狀 4 1 3 主要研究內容及技術路線 6 第 2 章滾珠絲杠螺母副 7 沈陽化工大學科亞學院學士學位論文 致謝 2 1 滾珠絲桿副及其支承的選取 7 2 2 計算 7 第 3 章伺服電機 19 3 1 伺服電機的選型 19 3 1 1 電機負載扭矩計算 19 3 1 2 慣量匹配計算 20 3 2 伺服定位精度的驗證 21 3 2 1 機械傳動裝置剛度計算 21 3 2 2 伺服剛度計算 22 第 4 章仿真分析 23 4 1 機電進給系統(tǒng)綜合結構圖 23 4 2 仿真分析 23 4 2 1 理想線性狀態(tài)的仿真分析 23 4 2 2 具有摩擦非線性因素的仿真分析 24 參考文獻 26 致謝 29