2020高考英語一輪復習 板塊1 復雜多變的動詞 第2講 非謂語動詞教學案 新人教版

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1、第2講非謂語動詞全國卷考情分析題型典題試做命題解讀語法填空1(2019全國卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area.2(2019全國卷) Scientists have responded by noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) aro

2、und human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are higher than they actually are.3(2019全國卷) When we got a call saying (say)she was short listed，we thought it was a joke.4(2018全國卷) You dont have to run fast or for long to see (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight

3、 and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running.1考查非謂語動詞的句法功能(狀語、定語、賓語、補語、主語和表語等)，以考查主語、賓語、狀語居多；2考查固定搭配中的非謂語動詞。短文改錯1(2019全國卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.saysaying 2(2019全國卷) If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.

4、managemanaging3(2018全國卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sellselling4(2018全國卷) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.watchingwatch1謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的錯用；2過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的錯用；3不定式符號to的多余或缺失；4to是介詞還

5、是不定式符號的誤判?？键c一非謂語動詞的形式及意義單句語法填空1(2019福州八中質(zhì)檢) (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.Realizing分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所處的部分為非謂語動詞作狀語，realize與主語we之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填Realizing。2(2019蚌埠二中模擬)Greatly (encourage), the team conducted another experi

6、ment, this time with water that contained bacteria.encouraged分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所處的部分為非謂語動詞作狀語，encourage與主語the team之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填encouraged。3(2019太原一模)Silk Road trades traveled together in long caravans(旅行隊) of camels.This mode of travel provided protection from robbers who might attempt (rob) the valuable

7、goods being transported.to rob考查不定式。attempt意為“試圖，企圖”，后跟不定式作賓語，故填to rob。非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義不定式一般式to doto be done表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進行式to be doing表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞一般式doingbeing done表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生完成式having donehaving been done

8、表示的動作先于句中謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生過去分詞一般式done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，表完成Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個世紀樹立了聲譽，它們正面臨著當代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我們準備在月球

9、上長住之前，還有很多問題需要解決?？键c二非謂語動詞作狀語.單句語法填空1(2019江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.to develop考查非謂語動詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語，故填to develop。2(2019山東煙臺期末)They put the foo

10、d out in their backyards and spend time in the nice weather， (watch) birds.watching句意：他們把食物放在后院，然后一邊觀鳥一邊享受明媚的天氣。主語They與watch為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，且watch與spend同時發(fā)生，故填現(xiàn)在分詞watching作伴隨狀語。3(2019江西宜春中學第一次診斷) (compare) with the western medicines high fees，TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) has a reasonable price that o

11、rdinary people can afford.Compared句意：與西藥的高額費用相比，傳統(tǒng)中藥的價格合理，普通人能夠承擔得起。compared with.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，意為“與相比”。.單句改錯4(2019長沙一模)The boy brought his guitar to the stage，worn a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysterious. wornwearing考查非謂語動詞。動詞wear和主語The boy之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。5(2019吉林吉大附中月考)Thought that

12、his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. ThoughtThinking分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，Thought that his solution might be wrong在句中作狀語，think與其邏輯主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，因此應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故將Thought改為Thinking。1不定式作狀語(1)作目的狀語，可用so as to/in order to替換，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意為“為了；想要”。I

13、n order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time.要計算功率的大小，可將功除以時間。(2)作結(jié)果狀語，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：only to do；enough to do(足夠做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.湯姆乘出租車去了機場，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機已飛入高空。(3)作原因狀語，常用在“主語系動詞形

14、容詞to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。易錯提醒語法填空和短文改錯中常考查 “主語be形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動

15、賓關(guān)系，且此時不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義。另外需注意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動詞必須是及物動詞；若為不及物動詞，則要在其后加上適當?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。2分詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive at any time now.這些書是一個多星期以前訂購的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時到貨。Like ancient s

16、ailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船員一樣，鳥類可以利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。易錯提醒部分過去分詞作狀語時不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐著的)，hidden(躲著的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(厭煩的)，faced with(面對著)。Absorbed in painting，John didnt notice evening appr

17、oaching.由于專心繪畫，約翰沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3獨立成分作狀語有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。Judging from hi

18、s accent，he is from Hong Kong.從口音判斷，他是香港人。To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.說實話，我有點累。4獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應和句子主語保持一致。但有時非謂語動詞帶有自己的邏輯主語，在句子中作狀語，我們稱之為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動或被動關(guān)系。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與句子分開。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞/代詞分詞；名詞/代詞不定式；with/without名詞

19、/代詞分詞/不定式。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束后，我們就開始放假了。考點三非謂語動詞作定語.單句語法填空1(2019福州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was fortunately rescued by some local villagers (live) in Baoxing County in southwest Chinas Sichuan Province.living考查現(xiàn)在分詞。名

20、詞villagers和動詞live之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。2(2019重慶第一次調(diào)研)Visitors also may take a walk in the rainforest (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.created考查非謂語動詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，forest后面的部分作定語修飾rainforest，且rainforest與動詞create在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。3(2019河北五個一名校聯(lián)盟二模)One great site is Science News for Kids.

21、This site reports science news (cover) a wide range of subjects.covering考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，該句中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞(reports)，提示詞cover和其所修飾的名詞news之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用cover的v.ing形式作后置定語，在此相當于which covers。4(2019江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount (require) by

22、doctors.required考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，require和amount之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。.單句改錯5(2019惠州第二次調(diào)研)Not long ago，I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang，which aroused a heating discussion. heatingheated考查形容詞。從句句意：那引起了一場激烈的討論。故heating改為heated。1不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動作。不定式與其所修飾

23、的詞之間往往是動賓關(guān)系，若該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一個好主意，但是她找不到紙把它寫下來。(2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，the last，the only 等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語。He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.他總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常

24、用不定式作定語。常見名詞：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增強意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習慣。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表達觀點的能力與觀點本身同等重要。(4)當句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語時，作定語的不定式使用主動式；當句子的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語

25、且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動關(guān)系時，不定式使用被動式。Have you got anything to buy?你有什么東西要買嗎？(you是buy的執(zhí)行者)I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought？我要去北京。你有什么東西要買嗎？(you不是buy的執(zhí)行者)2分詞作定語(1)作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞、“being過去分詞”、過去分詞。當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示正在進行時，用“being過去分詞”；當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且

26、表完成時，用過去分詞。(2)作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行；過去分詞只表示動作已完成，不表被動。To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2019.為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓大家看一項2019年在澳大利亞進行的研究。Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚

27、上，有幾百萬人觀看了開幕式的電視直播。易錯提醒非謂語動詞作定語的解題思路表示被動、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動、進行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動、進行用being done；表示主動、尚未進行用to do；表示被動的動作尚未進行用to be done。試比較：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.The bridge being built

28、now was designed by a local company.The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important.考點四非謂語動詞作賓語.單句語法填空1(2019沈陽質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)You could easily pay with your smartphone by (scan) the sellers QR code.scanning考查非謂語動詞。介詞by后面的賓語應用動名詞形式。2(2019淮南二中模擬)I know he is good at (work) out the difficult

29、questions.workingbe good at“擅長”，at為介詞，故用v.ing作賓語。3(2019鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測)In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider (win) and solving real problems as well.winning考查非謂語動詞作賓語。句意：在“我”看來，它們有助于我們變得鎮(zhèn)靜，也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論比賽和解決真正的問題。動詞consider“考慮”后跟動詞ing形式作賓語。4(2019山西長治一聯(lián))I remembered (lock) the door before I le

30、ft the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.to lock句意：離開辦公室之前，我記著要鎖門了，但是忘了關(guān)燈?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓語的用法。remember to do sth.記著要做某事，根據(jù)語境可知空格處為“to lock”。.單句改錯5(2019福建福州3月質(zhì)檢)In the beginning，I wasnt used to talk to strangers. talktalking句意：開始時我不習慣和陌生人講話。be used to doing sth.為固定句型，意為“習慣做某事”。6(2019廣東七校聯(lián)考)I like tr

31、avelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holidays this year. visitvisiting考查動名詞。of為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。1只接不定式作賓語的動詞：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail (未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，

32、threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務。2只接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避開)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (

33、in) doing sth.，have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用動名詞作賓語。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及這個話題，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？3接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞：She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service.她幾乎忘了給他的服務付小費。That would mean

34、wasting a lot of labour.那將意味著浪費許多勞動力。Really？I dont mean to waste any labour.是嗎？我并沒打算浪費勞動力。Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out?她是擔憂如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)這件事情我的反應還是擔憂我不再給她買食品雜貨呢？易錯提醒(1)動詞want，need，require作“需要”講時，其后要用v.ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動詞還有deserv

35、e(值得)。(2)不定式作動詞(短語)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的賓語時，前面常帶引導詞how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，若前有實義動詞do，不定式要省略to。考點五非謂語動詞作賓補.單句語法填空1(2019濟寧二模) Let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help the

36、m.understand句意：讓那些需要幫助的人們明白，我們會竭盡全力去幫助他們。賓語those與understand為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，且let后加省略to的不定式作賓補。2(2019龍口一模)When we saw the road (block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.blocked句意：當我們看到馬路被大雪堵住時，我們決定在家度過假期。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓補。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為road，兩者為被動關(guān)系。3(2019黃岡一模)The manager was satisfied to see many ne

37、w products (develop) after great effort.developed句意：經(jīng)理看到經(jīng)過巨大努力許多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來后非常滿意。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓補。many new products與develop之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞。4(2019安慶慧德中學月考)When he was ready to leave he found his bicycles front tyre(輪胎) flat.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle (repair)repaired考查非謂

38、語動詞。get sth. done使被做，此處的bicycle和repair之間為被動關(guān)系。.單句改錯5(2019湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)Last Sunday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration. go前加to動詞invite后應用不定式作其補足語，即invite sb. to do sth.。1不定式作賓補不定式作賓補時，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表將要發(fā)出的主動動作。常接不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage

39、，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。(山東卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。Having finished her project，she was invited by the

40、school to speak to the new students.完成項目之后，她被學校邀請去給新生講話。(1)有些動詞，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作賓補或主補。Chinese people are considered to be the most hardworking people in the world.中國人被認為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have don

41、e結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用作主語補足語。He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都認為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢。現(xiàn)在要為他的失業(yè)負責的不是別人，而是他自己。2分詞作賓補(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且強調(diào)正在進行的主動動作?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役動詞(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。

42、Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？(2)過去分詞作賓補時，動詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且表示被動動作?？山舆^去分詞作賓補的常見動詞：感官動詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel)，使役動詞(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken g

43、ood care of at home.李博士在非洲進行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務，回來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。(3)使役動詞have，get后接非謂語動詞作補語的異同點：have sth.doneget sth.done讓別人做某事；have sb./sth.doing讓一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使開始做某事；have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.讓某人做某事。Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed.在開車進城之前，你需要洗洗車。(4)wi

44、th的復合結(jié)構(gòu)為：with賓語doing表示主動說明動作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；with賓語done表示被動或完成；with賓語to do表示將要發(fā)生的動作。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。With such a short time left before the deadline，it doesnt seem likely that John will finish the job.截

45、止日期之前只剩下很短的時間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of work to do，she wasnt allowed to leave her office.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室。考點六非謂語動詞作主語和表語.單句語法填空1(2019遼寧鐵嶺協(xié)作體一聯(lián))Above all，I have come to understand that (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.bringing句意：首先，我開始明白了授人玫瑰手有余香的道理。在賓語從句中設(shè)空處作主語，且表示抽象概念

46、，故用動名詞作主語。2(2019湖北七市聯(lián)考) (send) yellow roses can be risky, as they represent either friendship or envy.Sending考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少主語，所以應用動詞ing形式作主語，故填Sending。3(2019河南八市重點高中第二次質(zhì)檢)I felt hopeless and alone，and more (depress) than I knew was possible.depressed句意：我感到絕望、孤獨及前所未有的沮喪。設(shè)空處作felt的表語，故填depressed

47、。4(2019江西紅色七校一聯(lián))It is (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes.shocking句意：令人震驚的是，一些投資銀行甚至根據(jù)他們是否穿棕色鞋子來判斷應聘者。shocking令人震驚的；shocked感到震驚的。.單句改錯5(2019襄陽模擬)We hope that all of us will devote our efforts to protect pandas and let them live in the wild again

48、some day. protectprotectingdevote.to.致力于；to為介詞后跟v.ing作賓語。6(2019銅陵一模)The story he told was very interested. interestedinteresting句意：他講的故事非常有趣。形容詞化了的分詞作表語表示“令人感興趣的”要用interesting。1不定式作主語和表語(1)不定式作主語時，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。(浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it

49、s better to remain silent.不論你多么能說會道，有些時候保持沉默會更好。(2)不定式作表語時，表示預定要發(fā)生的動作；當主語是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等詞時，常用不定式作表語；主語為what引導的名詞性從句時，表語多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是將來當一名醫(yī)生。What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。2動名詞作主語

50、和表語(1)動名詞作主語常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主語，把作真正主語的動名詞短語放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing.；Its no use/good doing.；It is useless doing.；There is no use doing.等中。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方法。Its no use

51、complaining without taking action.不采取行動而只是抱怨是沒用的。(2)動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。My job is cleaning the house three times a week(Cleaning the house three times a week is my job)我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。(3)remain作連系動詞時，意為“仍然是”時，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語；但作不及物動詞時，意為“尚待；留待”時，后常接to be done。She remained standing tho

52、ugh we repeatedly asked her to sit down.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣埶拢€是站著。It remains to be seen whether the newlyformed committees policy can be put into practice.新成立的委員會提出的方針能否實行還有待觀察。易錯提醒不定式和動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數(shù)，這是短文改錯中?？嫉恼Z法點?！炯挤c撥】在語法填空中：1若句子中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列關(guān)系時，所填動詞通常是非謂語動詞，這時就要確定是動詞ing形式，ed形式，還是不定式形式。2所給動詞在某及物動詞后作賓

53、語時要用不定式或者動名詞(由它前面的及物動詞決定)，作介詞的賓語時要用動名詞；作主語時要用不定式或者動名詞。如果所給動詞有名詞形式的派生詞，當其在句中作主語或賓語時，通?？疾檫@個動詞所派生出的名詞。這時，要注意它的單復數(shù)形式。3非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞作定語或表語時，表示“令人的”用動詞ing形式；表示“(感到)的”用過去分詞。易錯提醒在短文改錯中：1謂語動詞后或者某一形容詞后如果是動詞原形，就要注意兩詞之間是否該有不定式符號to。2介詞后(特別是介詞to)的非謂語動詞應該用動名詞。to 有時候是不定式，不要誤判為介詞。.單句語法填空1(2019鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預測)However，our dis

54、cussions are more than just a way (practice) our debating skills.to practice考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而，我們的討論不僅僅是練習我們辯論技巧的一種方法。此處是不定式作定語。2(2019湖北七市聯(lián)考)In Mao Zedongs poem Ode to the Plum Blossom(詠梅)，the plum blossom was used (praise) great soldiers who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people.to

55、 praise考查非謂語動詞。結(jié)合語境可知此處應用不定式作目的狀語，所以填to praise。be used to do sth.“被用來做某事”。3(2019成都第二次診斷)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu，theyll probably ask if youve tried hot pot.Everyone (live) here seems to love it，and trying it should be a fixed part of everyones culinary(烹飪的) tour of Sichuan.

56、living考查非謂語動詞。live和句子謂語seems之間沒有連詞，故空處應用非謂語動詞，且動詞live和句子主語Everyone構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。4(2019廣州調(diào)研)After (settle) into a homeyou，for instancethey steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins.settling考查動名詞。句意：在宿主比如你的體內(nèi)定居后它們會偷走維生素和其他營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，留下死細胞和被稱為毒素

57、的有毒液體。介詞After后要用動名詞形式，故本空應填settling。5(2019贛州十四縣市聯(lián)考)One day, about ten years ago, while (work) at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in the wheelchair.working考查狀語從句的省略。在含有while引導的狀語從句的復合句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且

58、含有be動詞的某種形式時，可將從句的主語和be動詞省略，構(gòu)成省略結(jié)構(gòu)。本句補充完整為：while I was working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History。故此處應填working。6(2019南昌一模)Hongcun， (fill) with lakes and beautiful Anhuistyle buildings，is 900 years old.It was built to look like a big ox.Huangshan Mountain

59、 is the head；the town is the body and the bridges are legs.filled考查固定短語。be filled with為固定短語，故填filled。句意：布滿了湖泊和美麗的徽式建筑的宏村，有九百年的歷史。它被建成看起來像一個大的牛。黃山是頭，鎮(zhèn)是身體，橋是腿。7(2019安徽名校模擬)As the researchers expected，30% of the chefs (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an

60、adult.surveyed考查過去分詞。chefs和動詞survey之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示“被調(diào)查的廚師”，故用過去分詞作后置定語。8(2019福建永春一中等四校聯(lián)考)During the Qin Dynasty，to keep the enemy out of his empire，Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls (join) up.joined句意：在秦朝時期，為了抵御外敵，秦始皇把所有的墻都連了起來。使役動詞had后的賓語all the walls與join up為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞joined作賓補。.單句改錯1(2019洛陽第

61、一次統(tǒng)考)They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing.I believe I will achieve my dream. readreading考查固定搭配。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，故應把read改為reading。2(2019鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測)Then someone said，“Why not trying the cave dwellings(住宅) here？”We thought he was joking，but here we are really in a cave dwelling and its wonderful. tryingtry考查固定搭配。此處為why not句式，why not后跟動詞原形。3(2019湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)Second，seeing a film，listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be exciting. hanghanging考查動名詞。句意：第二，看電影，聽音樂或者和朋友們出去玩也會令人很興奮。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語will also be前面