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1、第1講謂語動詞 全國卷考情分析題型典題試做命題解讀語法填空1.(2019全國卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have_reported(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.2(2019全國卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, s
2、ix are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3(2019全國卷) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have_made(make) over the years.4(2018全國卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than wal
3、king, cycling or swimming.1.時態(tài)的考查主要是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時；2考查被動語態(tài)的用法；3考查主謂一致?？键c(diǎn)一 一般時態(tài)單句語法填空1(2019福州四校聯(lián)考)It always _(lift) my spirits, but now I know that its because it is an act of gratitude(感激) to the musicians and the music.lifts考查動詞時態(tài)。由but可知，此處是對一般情況的敘述，空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填lifts。2(2019廣州調(diào)研)One rainy day，as
4、he went for a walk，a leaping frog _(draw) his attention to a puddle.drew考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在一個雨天，他散步的時候，一個跳躍的青蛙使他注意到一個水坑。根據(jù)One rainy day可知，本句應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填drew。3(2019福建五校統(tǒng)考)According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also _ (express) their grea
5、t concern about it.expressed考查時態(tài)。and前后并列時態(tài)一致，根據(jù)句中showed可知，該句敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時。4(2019湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)高三一模)The movie _ (adapt) from the true story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s. In the film, the black pianist Don Shirley hires ItalianAmerican Tony to drive him to performances,
6、 but they face problems because of Shirleys skin color. was adapted考查一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。這部電影改編自一個真實(shí)的故事，且時間為過去，故答案為was adapted。5(2019浙江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測試)They made up their minds that they _(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.would buy句意：他們決定一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買座新房子。that引導(dǎo)的從句為復(fù)合句，其中once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用的是一般過去時，故主句用過去將來時。一、一般現(xiàn)在
7、時1一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成主要由動詞原形構(gòu)成。動詞be的第一人稱單數(shù)形式用am，第三人稱單數(shù)形式用is，其他人稱形式均用are。動詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)形式用has。實(shí)義動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則是：一般情況直接加shatehates結(jié)尾為s，x，sh，ch或o，在詞尾加esdiscussdiscusseswashwashesteachteachesfixfixesgogoes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母y”變y為i再加escarrycarriesstudystudies2.一般現(xiàn)在時的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always，every time
8、，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等連用。He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車去上班，而且每天正餐后和妻子一塊兒散步。(2)按時間表、時刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等動詞。Look at the timetable.Hurr
9、y up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.看看時間表?？禳c(diǎn)兒吧！4026航班18：20起飛。(3)在狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來時態(tài)時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我們就去那里。二、一般過去時1一般過去時的構(gòu)成一般過去時由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在動詞后加edlooklooked以e結(jié)尾的動詞后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重讀閉音節(jié)或
10、/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted2.一般過去時的用法表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。常與often，usually，seldom 等表示頻度的副詞連用。還可以表示在過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等過去的時間狀語連用。In 1931，Addams became the first American woman
11、 to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年，亞當(dāng)斯成為第一個贏得諾貝爾和平獎的美國女性。三、一般將來時1一般將來時的構(gòu)成由“shall/will動詞原形”構(gòu)成。其中shall用于第一人稱，will用于一切人稱。2一般將來時的用法表示現(xiàn)在看以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow，next year，in一段時間等連用?！皐ill動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。What time is it? 幾點(diǎn)了？I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等
12、，我給你查查。3其他表示“將來”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)“be going to動詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.無論是在家里還是在工作場所，在未來的幾年里社交機(jī)器人將會變得越來越普遍。(2
13、)“be to動詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。(3)“be about to動詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時一只鳥引起了他的注意。易錯提醒如果表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用過去將來時(would/should動詞原形)。
14、該時態(tài)主要出現(xiàn)在間接引語中。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I would/should do next week.我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周要干什么?？键c(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時態(tài)單句語法填空1(2019江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三三模)Compared with the life we _ (live) on the earth now, the future life on Mars will be totally different.are living考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。句意：與我們現(xiàn)在地球上的生活相比較，未來火星上的生活將完全不同。由“now”可知，本句為
15、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。故填 are living 。2(2019浙江湖州期末考試)One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he _(bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.was bathing由前面的“I was drawing diagrams”可知，本句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時，而且and連接的并列句要保持時態(tài)一致。3(2019湖北武昌區(qū)高三調(diào)考)Hurry up！Mark and Carol _ (expect) us.are expecting句意：快點(diǎn)！馬克和卡羅爾正等著咱們
16、呢。根據(jù)題干中的Hurry up可知此處表達(dá)expect的動作正在進(jìn)行中。4(2019浙江臺州模擬考試)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _(repair)one of the main pipes.are repairing句意：因?yàn)楣と藗冋谛蘩砥渲幸粭l主管道，所以供水系統(tǒng)臨時被切斷了。根據(jù)語境可知設(shè)空處表示現(xiàn)在的情況正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。5(2019安徽百所重點(diǎn)高中二模)Jim _(watch) a latenight film at home when，right in the mid
17、dle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank.was watching句意：吉姆正在家看一部午夜電影，正看到令人毛骨悚然的場景時，電視變成空白了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示過去某時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。一、進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成；過去進(jìn)行時由“was/were現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成；將來進(jìn)行時由“will/shallbe現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則如下：變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾直接加ingaskasking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefacing以重
18、讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimming以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y再加inglielyingdiedying二、進(jìn)行時的用法1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(1)表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，雖然此時此刻該動作不一定正在進(jìn)行。I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like?我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣？Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不
19、介意。(2)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等動詞。Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要用完了。我們必須在食物吃完前馬上行動。2過去進(jìn)行時(1)表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作，常同表示過去的時間狀語從句以及at that time，at that mom
20、ent，at this time yesterday，at ten oclock yesterday等連用。He must have sensed that I was looking at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感覺到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，輕聲地說：“你為什么那樣盯著我看？” (2)表示過去的兩個動作中持續(xù)進(jìn)行的一個，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。Jack was working in the lab when
21、the power cut occurred.突然斷電時，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。3將來進(jìn)行時表示將來某一時刻或某一時段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語連用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.簡不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會議了，因?yàn)樗莻€時間在授課?？键c(diǎn)三 完成時態(tài)單句語法填空1(2019山西
22、省太原五中高三下學(xué)期階段性檢測)Over the years, aerospace engineering _ (make) huge leaps in aeroplane technology, meaning planes can carry more passengers and go faster.has made考查時態(tài)。句意：多年來，航空航天工程在飛機(jī)技術(shù)上取得了巨大的飛躍，這意味著飛機(jī)可以裝載更多的乘客，速度更快。根據(jù)Over the years“在最近的這些年里”，所以句子用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，且主語是aerospace engineering，單數(shù)第三人稱形式，故答案為has ma
23、de。2(2019湖北省黃岡市高三模擬)In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme poverty; today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing power, _ (rise) ten times since 1990.has risen考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：1990年，中國大約有7.5億人生活在極度貧困中，而現(xiàn)在只有不到1 000萬人生活在極度貧困中。按購買實(shí)力計(jì)算，中國人均GDP自1990年增長了10倍。主語是
24、GDP per person，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，“since 1990”表明用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填has risen。3(2019浙江金華十校模擬)Doctors and scientists _(learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.have learned根據(jù)in the last thirty years可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。一、完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時由“have/has過去分詞”構(gòu)成；過去完成時由“had過去分詞”構(gòu)成。二、完成時的用法1現(xiàn)在完成時(1)表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時剛剛完成或結(jié)
25、束，而對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時間狀語：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已經(jīng)收到了三個相似的邀請。In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.在過去的幾年里，全世界拍攝了數(shù)以千計(jì)的電
26、影。(2)表示從過去某時開始而延續(xù)至今(可能還要延續(xù)下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語：since時間點(diǎn)； for時間段等。I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?我記得你在大學(xué)時是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎？Sorry，I havent played the piano for years.抱歉，我好多年沒有彈鋼琴了。(3)在條件和時間狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來某時前已完成的動作。Will you come to my office when you ha
27、ve finished your work? 你完成工作后到我辦公室來一下，好嗎？2過去完成時(1)表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過去的過去。句中一般有明確的表示“過去的過去”的時間狀語(從句)。(天津卷)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadnt seen for years.沿街走路時，我偶然遇見了戴維，我們已經(jīng)有好幾年沒見了。(2)表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常用的時間狀語：before，by then，by that time，by the en
28、d of，by the time從句等。It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.很久以后我才能夠完全領(lǐng)會到他們?yōu)槲易龅囊磺小?3)表示“愿望、打算”的動詞(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于過去完成時表示過去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃。I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本來打算
29、去看你，但是來了一位不速之客。3常使用完成時的句型(1)This/It/That is the first/.timethat sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/.timethat sb.had done sth.這是某人第幾次做某事。It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同樣的錯誤了。(2)It(This)is/was the最高級名詞(that)定語從句，從句中的謂語用完成時。(3)It is/has been一段時間since sb.did；It
30、was/had been一段時間since sb.had done sth.自從以來多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely).when./no sooner.than.( 一就)主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我一到家，就下起了傾盆大雨。考點(diǎn)四 完成進(jìn)行時單句語法填空1(2019云南玉溪一中第二次月考)Tony，why are your eyes red?I _(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.have bee
31、n cutting句意：“托尼，為什么你的眼睛紅了？” “過去的五分鐘里我一直都在剁辣椒?！备鶕?jù)本題中的for the last five minutes可以判斷動作從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。2(2019湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)When Alice came to life，she did not know how long she _(lie)there.had been lying句意：當(dāng)艾麗斯蘇醒過來的時候，她不知道自己已在那兒躺了多久。由句意可知，“她躺在那兒”發(fā)生在came to life和did not know之前，且表示動作的延續(xù)，應(yīng)用過去完成
32、進(jìn)行時。一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法1常用來表示開始于過去某個時間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作。Im very tired.I have been checking the students papers all the morning.我很累。我整個上午都在批改學(xué)生的試卷。2表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.今天上午我給他打了很多次電話，但目前一直沒有收到答復(fù)?，F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去開始的一個動作到目前為止
33、已經(jīng)完成，體現(xiàn)動作的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去開始的一個動作到目前為止仍在進(jìn)行，甚至仍將繼續(xù)Ive read Tiny Times.我已經(jīng)讀過小時代了。(已經(jīng)完成)I have been reading Tiny Times these days.這些天我一直在讀小時代。(仍在進(jìn)行甚至仍將繼續(xù))二、過去完成進(jìn)行時過去完成進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某一時間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。過去完成進(jìn)行時由“hadbeenv.ing”構(gòu)成。表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去某一時間。這一動作可能已經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。She told me that she had been studying French
34、for 5 years.她告訴我她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了。(動作仍繼續(xù))She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告訴我她已經(jīng)等我一個鐘頭了。(動作不再繼續(xù))The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.這位女孩對運(yùn)動很感興趣，在過去的三年里一直一周兩次去上羽毛球課。考點(diǎn)五 被動語態(tài)單句語法填空1(2019河南省八市重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)盟“領(lǐng)軍考試”高
35、三第五次測評)Calligraphy_(consider) as one of the four best friends of ancient Chinese literati(文人), along with playing stringed musical instrument, the board game “go”， and painting. There are some general standardizations of the various styles of calligraphy in this tradition.is considered考查語態(tài)。主語Calligr
36、aphy與動詞consider之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。句意：書法被認(rèn)為是中國古代文人最好的四個朋友之一，此外還有弦樂器、棋類游戲、“圍棋”和繪畫。在這一傳統(tǒng)中，各種書法風(fēng)格都有一些普遍的規(guī)范。故填is considered。2(2019武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)This medicine _(taste) terrible. I hate it.tastes由整個語境可知，此處為一般現(xiàn)在時，表示對客觀事實(shí)的描述。此處taste為系動詞，表示事物本身具有的性質(zhì)時不使用被動語態(tài)。3(2019武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)As a foreigner, I _(absorb) and charmed by the g
37、enuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.was absorbed考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處描述當(dāng)時旅行的情景，故應(yīng)用一般過去時；由語境可知，作者被吸引住了，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。4(2019江西南昌一模)John, as well as the other children who have no parents _(take) good care of in the city now.is being taken由now可知此處應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示該動作正在進(jìn)行。此句主語為John，as well as the othe
38、r children為伴隨狀語，故使用單數(shù)的謂語動詞。一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動語態(tài)由“be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become過去分詞。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下(以動詞give為例)：現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般式am givenis givenare givenwas givenwere givenshall be givenwill be givenshould be givenwould be given進(jìn)行式am being givenis being givenare being givenwas being given
39、were being given無無完成式has been givenhave been givenhad been givenshall have been givenwill have been givenshould have been givenwould have been given被動語態(tài)的使用場合：(1)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時；(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.據(jù)報道，一個空間站將在未來的幾年內(nèi)在月球上被建成。In m
40、y hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家鄉(xiāng)，所有的麥子被收割后，總是要給農(nóng)民們準(zhǔn)備一頓收獲的晚餐。With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.因?yàn)樵S多森林被毀，每年大量肥沃的泥土被沖走。易錯提醒(1)有些及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有
41、；belong to屬于；take part in參加。(2)不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有：happen/take place/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；break out爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。二、get構(gòu)成的表示被動的短語：get paid/lost/hurt等While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
42、在等待機(jī)會被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責(zé)。We get paid by the week.我們按周獲得薪酬。三、主動形式表示被動意義1“系動詞feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動形式表示被動意義。This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.這種羊毛衫摸起來很軟，賣得很好。2當(dāng)sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物動詞后帶狀語(well/
43、easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義。Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你買最近銷售很好的那本書了嗎？我認(rèn)為它非常適合我們青少年。3在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.這房子需要修理。4在某些“主語(人/物
44、)be形容詞不定式”中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。The problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計(jì)算出。5be to rent/blame主動形式表被動意義。Who is to blame for the mistake?誰應(yīng)為此錯誤接受譴責(zé)？考點(diǎn)六 虛擬語氣(高考不作要求，只作了解)單句語法填空1(2019浙江臺州模擬考試)Its a pity that you were late, otherw
45、ise you _(see) the star Rain from Korea.would have seen句意：很遺憾你遲到了，要不然你就會見到從韓國來的明星Rain了。主句中用的是過去時，otherwise表示句中的“你”并沒有見到那位明星是客觀事實(shí)，故此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。2I should not have laughed if I _(think) you were serious.had thought句意：如果我(當(dāng)時)認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會笑了。主句中謂語動詞使用should not have laughed，表明與過去的事
46、實(shí)相反，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)該使用had done形式。3(2019西安九校聯(lián)考)Dont handle the vase as if it _(be) made of steel.were句意：不要把那個花瓶當(dāng)作是鋼做的那樣搬運(yùn)。as if引導(dǎo)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時，be動詞用were。4(2019湖北武昌區(qū)高三調(diào)考)If we _(make) adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.hadnt made句意：如果我們沒有做好充分準(zhǔn)備的話，會議就不會如此成功。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
47、可知本句是一個虛擬語氣句式，根據(jù)主句中的wouldnt have been可知是對過去事情的虛擬，因此if條件從句要用had done形式來表示對過去發(fā)生事情的虛擬。一、if條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句虛擬情況主句從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語should/would/could/mightdoif主語過去式(be用were)與過去事實(shí)相反主語should/would/could/mighthave doneif主語had過去分詞與將來事實(shí)可能相反主語should/would/could/mightdoif主語過去式/were to do/shoulddoIf the new safety syste
48、m had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.要是新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用的話，這起事故就不會發(fā)生了。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你沒有把地圖丟了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就回到旅館了。Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very o
49、ften.格蕾絲不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果住在那里，她就不能經(jīng)?？吹剿母改噶?。易錯提醒(1)如果在表示虛擬語氣的if從句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should移至主語之前。(2)如果主句和從句是對不同時間的事實(shí)的虛擬，則被稱為錯綜虛擬語氣。此時主句常有明顯的時間狀語。二、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有時假設(shè)的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，這叫含蓄虛擬語氣。常用的這類詞或短語有：without(要是)沒有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否則等。Do you have Bettys phon
50、e number?你有貝蒂的電話號碼嗎？Yes.Otherwise，I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday.有，不然我昨天就聯(lián)系不上她了。Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托馬斯愛迪生，我們現(xiàn)在從中受益的很多東西就不會存在。三、 虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用1在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用(1)在表示要求、命令、建議、請求等動詞后的賓語從句中，以及這些動詞的名詞形式后面的同位語或表語從句中的謂語動詞用“(should)動詞
51、原形”。常見的此類動詞：一堅(jiān)持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三要求(require，demand，request)、四建議(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。She suggested that Dale join the debating team，believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建議戴爾參加辯論隊(duì)，她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會給予他所需要的信心和認(rèn)可。He insiste
52、d that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.他執(zhí)意要求在會上討論這個問題。My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again.我的希望是我們不再為這樣的事情爭吵了。易錯提醒當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時，從句要用陳述語氣。(2)在“It is/wasadj./donethat.”句型中，從句中的謂語動詞用(should)動詞原形。常見的形容詞或過去分詞有：important，necessary，strange，sug
53、gested，ordered，advised，requested，demanded 等。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hours exercise every day.中學(xué)生被要求每天至少進(jìn)行一個小時的鍛煉。(3) wish后的賓語從句中的謂語可用一般過去時，had過去分詞和could/might/would動詞原形，分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過去相反的
54、情況和與將來情況可能相反。I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天見到那個影星。Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。(4) would rather所接的賓語從句中，從句的謂語如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動作，從句用一般過去時；如果表示過去發(fā)生過的動作，從句用過去完成時。We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it i
55、s her choice，and she is not a child any longer.我們寧愿女兒待在家，陪在我們身邊，但是選擇權(quán)在她手上，畢竟她不再是個孩子了。2三個固定句式中的虛擬語氣虛擬情況句式虛擬現(xiàn)在虛擬過去虛擬將來if only引導(dǎo)的條件句及感嘆句過去式had過去分詞would/could/might動詞原形as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句及方式狀語從句過去式had過去分詞would/could/might動詞原形It is (high) time that.過去式或should動詞原形It was John who broke the window. Why are
56、you talking to me as if I had done it?打破窗戶的是約翰。為什么你說得好像是我打破的似的？It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.確實(shí)到了我們采取措施解決問題的時候了。Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我們所處的困境，要是我們當(dāng)初聽從老師的建議該多好！易錯提醒當(dāng)as if/though引導(dǎo)的句子所敘述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時，從句要用陳述語氣?！炯挤c(diǎn)撥】語法填空的一個完整句子中若沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞，就要考慮動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，還要注意主謂一致和虛擬語氣。15
（江蘇專用）2021版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 板塊1 復(fù)雜多變的動詞 第1講 謂語動詞教學(xué)案 牛津譯林版
