陜西省2019中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 題型點(diǎn)撥 題型一 完形填空課件.ppt

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1、題型一 完形填空,考情分析,（一）完形填空（語法型）,語法型完形填空為2017年陜西中考新增題型，將以往在單句中考查語法知識(shí)的形式改為在語篇中考查語法知識(shí)，重在考查學(xué)生對(duì)語法知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力。分析近兩年的陜西中考真題及陜西省2018年初中畢業(yè)學(xué)業(yè)考試說明中的題型示例A、B、C可知，動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞以及連詞為每年的必考考點(diǎn)，名詞、介詞、冠詞和賓語從句為?？伎键c(diǎn)。,考情分析,考情分析,（二）完形填空（語境型）,考情分析,語境型完形填空重在考查學(xué)生對(duì)語篇的整體理解能力，命題角度以語境推斷為主，穿插設(shè)置邏輯推理、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、固定搭配、語法知識(shí)及生活常識(shí)。分析近八年的陜西中考真題可知，動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容

2、詞和副詞為每年的必考考點(diǎn)，連詞為常考考點(diǎn)。,解題步驟,一、跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。 學(xué)生在做題時(shí)應(yīng)先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，即了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)，以及情節(jié)發(fā)展的前因后果。在通讀全文時(shí)，要盡量避免文章空格的影響，初步搞清文章的大概意思。切莫糾纏于一句話、一個(gè)空，否則會(huì)斷章取義，進(jìn)入誤區(qū)。 二、結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。 語法型完形填空：學(xué)生在分析選項(xiàng)時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)從語法角度如句子成分、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)，行文邏輯等方面來分析，在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)所給選項(xiàng)

3、逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較、篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。 語境型完形填空：學(xué)生在分析選項(xiàng)時(shí)，主要考慮上下文語境。在理解全文的,基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容，以詞、句的意義為先，再分 析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)短文意思、詞語搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)所給選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較、篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。 三、瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。 學(xué)生在動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的題目再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文深入的理解，可以降低試題的難度，

4、提高做題的正確率。,四、復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。 學(xué)生在做完題后，應(yīng)把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查?？此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、通順，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合英語習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。,解題步驟,解題技巧,一、語法分析法,語法型完形填空主要是考查語法知識(shí)的題目。學(xué)生不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，更要有針對(duì)性地對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)以及短文中所設(shè)空格需填入的內(nèi)容在句中作什么成分，哪類詞合適，應(yīng)采用什么形式等進(jìn)行必要的分析，從而迅速解決問題。比如，選用動(dòng)詞就要考慮各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、及物、不及物、持續(xù)性、非持續(xù)

5、性、主謂搭配以及如何與其他詞類配合使用等一系列的問題。熟練地掌握語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)并運(yùn)用其分析解答完形填空題是一種非常有效的解題方法。,典例 （2018陜西，片段） However, life was hard for David at that time. He hardly 24 time or money to play music. Most of the time, he had to work in a restaurant. 24. A.will have B.has had C.Have D.had 【解析】D 考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空白處為句子

6、的謂語，由上句謂語was和下句謂語had to work可知，整體時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，故選D。,解題技巧,After the concert, a famous reporter in New York heard of their story. He wanted to know what 27 . So he flew to Florida to interview her. To his surprise, the friendship between Amy and David was 28 than he could imagine. 27. A.is Amy like B.Am

7、y is like C.Amy was like D.was Amy like 【解析】C 考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其語序應(yīng)用陳述語序；另外，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞wanted為過去式，其從句需用與過去有關(guān)的某種時(shí)態(tài)，綜合分析，答案選C。 28. A.more beautiful B.beautiful C.beautifully D.the most beautiful 【解析】A 考查形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空白處為表語，需用形容詞，再結(jié)合空后的than可知該空應(yīng)填比較級(jí)，beautiful為多音節(jié)形容詞，其比較

8、級(jí)為more beautiful。故選A。,解題技巧,Later, many people 29 by this story. But Amy thought it was nothing. She said, “As friends, we should give a hand when they need.” 29. A.was moved B.were moved C.is moved D.are moved 【解析】B 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由later及下句的謂語動(dòng)詞thought可知，句子的整體時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，many people與move之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被

9、動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。 My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day. She had no choice but to follow 33 the doctor said. I told her that I would exercise with her every morning. 33. A.what B.that C.which D.where 【解析】A 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞follow后應(yīng)為賓語從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，從句said后缺少賓語。故選A。,解題技巧,二

10、、巧用上下文法,文章是一個(gè)具有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的整體，而上下文則是營造語境的基礎(chǔ)，也是邏輯推理的依據(jù)。通讀全文，理順大意，根據(jù)上下文找出信息詞，是做好完形填空的關(guān)鍵。一般來說，完形填空的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)形式完全相同，如都是動(dòng)詞原形、都是副詞、都是名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式等，要注意它們?cè)谝饬x和搭配上的細(xì)微差異、形義兼顧。同時(shí)，一定要把這些選項(xiàng)放在特定的語境中進(jìn)行區(qū)分、判別，從而選出正確答案。,解題技巧,典例 （2018陜西，片段） Since my mother moved to live with us in the city, she has been much heavier than before. As ti

11、me went by, her health got 31 . So I had to take her to see a 32 . My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day. She had no choice but to followwhat the doctor said. I told her that I would exercise with her every morning. 31. A.worse B.thinner C.better D.stronger 【解析】A 考查形

12、容詞比較級(jí)辨析。下文“My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day.” 說明“我”的媽媽身體狀況變得更差了。故選A。 32.A.teacher B.waiter C.doctor D.nurse 【解析】C 考查名詞辨析。由下文“My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day. She had no choice but to follow what the doctor said.”可知，“我”帶她去看醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生讓她每天

13、通過鍛煉減肥，她別無選擇只有聽從醫(yī)生的話。故選C。,解題技巧,But after two weeks, she wanted to 37 running because she thought the two-week exercise didnt work at all. To encourage her, I taught her how to use the facilities (設(shè)施) for exercise in our 38 . She began to exercise again. 37. A.put up B.give up C.set up D.ea

14、t up 【解析】B 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。連詞but 說明此處與上文內(nèi)容“I praised her for keeping running with me.”相反，下文because she thought the two-week exercise didnt work at all進(jìn)一步說明她不想繼續(xù)“跑步”。故選B。 38. A.school B.neighborhood C.hospital D.cinema 【解析】B 考查名詞辨析。由上文“On the first morning, she got up very early and ran with me in

15、our neighborhood”.可知每天早晨我們?cè)谏鐓^(qū)（neighborhood）跑步鍛煉，因此，這里應(yīng)為：我教她如何利用社區(qū)(neighborhood)的設(shè)備鍛煉。故選B。,解題技巧,三、固定搭配法,答題時(shí)通過分析習(xí)慣用法、詞語搭配、固定搭配等搭配關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行有效的推理判斷，從而選出正確選項(xiàng)。因此，同學(xué)們平時(shí)要有意識(shí)地記憶一些常用的詞語搭配、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配，學(xué)會(huì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。這類題目要求我們不僅能夠記憶這些詞和詞組，還要學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用，準(zhǔn)確判斷。對(duì)常見句型的掌握也很重要。有些句型在經(jīng)過反復(fù)使用后，會(huì)讓我們形成一定的語感，這對(duì)確定題目的答案很有幫助。,解題技巧,典例（2018陜西

16、，片段） Their friendship came 23 a game. In the game, David and Amy were on the same team. 23. A.below B.from C.to D.at 【解析】B 考查固定搭配。come from意為“來自”，句意為：他們的友誼源自一場游戲。在游戲中戴維和埃米在同一個(gè)隊(duì)里。 When he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help and supported his dream. Two years later, he decided 26

17、 to New York for his dream. 26. A.go B.to go C.going D.gone 【解析】B 考查固定搭配。decide to do sth.意為“決定做某事”。句意為：兩年后，為了他的夢(mèng)想，他決定去紐約。,解題技巧,With my help, it 39 her one month to develop a good habit of daily exercise. 39. A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid 【解析】A 考查固定搭配。take作“花費(fèi)時(shí)間”講時(shí)的固定搭配為“It takes/

18、took sb. some time to do sth.”；spend作“花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢”講時(shí)的固定搭配為“Sb. spend(s)/spent some time /some money on sth/(in) doing sth.”；cost作“花費(fèi)金錢”講時(shí)的固定搭配為“Sth. cost(s)/cost sb. some money.”；pay作“花費(fèi)金錢”講時(shí)的固定搭配為“sb. pay(s)/paid some money for sth.”。故選A。,解題技巧,四、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法,詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是某一詞以同詞（同一個(gè)單詞或這個(gè)單詞的同根詞）、同義詞（意義相同的詞）、近義詞（意思相近的

19、詞或解釋性的語言）、反義詞（意思相反或形成對(duì)比的詞）、上下義詞（上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個(gè)體或種類）或其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句子通過這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系相互銜接和連貫。因此，要學(xué)會(huì)充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息進(jìn)行合理的推測(cè)判斷，選出正確答案。,解題技巧,典例（2018陜西，片段）One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest 21 were. When it was his turn, he said, “My best friend is Amy” 21. A.friend B.classmate

20、 C.friends D.classmates 【解析】C 考查名詞辨析和名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。由下句中的my best friend is Amy可知戴維和他的朋友們?cè)谡務(wù)揻riend。由空后系動(dòng)詞were可知空格處應(yīng)用friend的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選C。 On the first morning, she got up very earlyand ran with me in our neighborhood. I tried to run slowly so that she could follow me. After 35 for some minutes, I told her

21、the proper ways of exercise and the importance of eating healthy food. 35. A.swimming B.eating C.playing D.running 【解析】D考查動(dòng)名詞辨析。介詞after后用動(dòng)名詞短語作狀語。由“ran with me in our neighborhood. I tried to run slowly so that she could follow me.”可知這里進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是run。故選D。,解題技巧,五、立體邏輯法,邏輯是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、條件、結(jié)果、遞進(jìn)、

22、讓步等。它們之間有的通過連接詞來表達(dá)，關(guān)系非常明顯；有的隱含在句與句之中，關(guān)系比較隱晦。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁諘r(shí)一定要把握作者的思路，使自己的思維模式與作者的思維模式吻合，此外要不斷從各個(gè)角度進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理并不斷地驗(yàn)證推理的正確性，修正其非正確性，以達(dá)到理解全文、解決問題的目的。正確的分析是恰當(dāng)理解的必要前提條件，而恰當(dāng)理解是對(duì)題目進(jìn)行正確分析推理的必然結(jié)果。,解題技巧,典例 （2018陜西，片段） On the first morning, she got up very early 34 ran with me in our neighborhood. 34.A.so B.but C.and D.or 【解析】C考查句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處應(yīng)為連詞，連接兩個(gè)句子，其主語相同，意義順承，故選C。,解題技巧,