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NOVEL METHOD OF REALIZING THE OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION OF THE CRANK-AND-ROCKER MECHANISM DESIGN Abstract: A novel method of realizing the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rocker mechanism is presented. The optimal combination design is made by finding the related optimal transmission parameters. The diagram of the optimal transmission is drawn. In the diagram, the relation among minimum transmission angle, the coefficient of travel speed variation, the oscillating angle of the rocker and the length of the bars is shown, concisely, conveniently and directly. The method possesses the main characteristic. That it is to achieve the optimal transmission parameters under the transmission angle by directly choosing in the diagram, according to the given requirements. The characteristics of the mechanical transmission can be improved to gain the optimal transmission effect by the method. Especially, the method is simple and convenient in practical use. Keywords： Crank-and-rocker mechanism, Optimal transmission angle, Coefficient of travel speed variation INTRODUCTION By conventional method of the crank-and-rocker design, it is very difficult to realize the optimal combination between the various parameters for optimal transmission. The figure-table design method introduced in this paper can help achieve this goal. With given conditions, we can, by only consulting the designing figures and tables, get the relations between every parameter and another of the designed crank-and-rocker mechanism. Thus the optimal transmission can be realized. The concerned designing theory and method, as well as the real cases of its application will be introduced later respectively. 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF DIAGRAM FOR OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION DESIGN It is always one of the most important indexes that designers pursue to improve the efficiency and property of the transmission. The crank-and-rocker mechanism is widely used in the mechanical transmission. How to improve work ability and reduce unnecessary power losses is directly related to the coefficient of travel speed variation, the oscillating angle of the rocker and the ratio of the crank and rocker. The reasonable combination of these parameters takes an important effect on the efficiency and property of the mechanism, which mainly indicates in the evaluation of the minimum transmission angle. The aim realizing the optimal transmission of the mechanism is how to find the maximum of the minimum transmission angle. The design parameters are reasonably combined by the method of lessening constraints gradually and optimizing separately. Consequently, the complete constraint field realizing the optimal transmission is established. The following steps are taken in the usual design method. Firstly, the initial values of the length of rocker 3l and the oscillating angle of rocker are given. Then the value of the coefficient of travel speed variation K is chosen in the permitted range. Meanwhile, the coordinate of the fixed hinge of crank A possibly realized is calculated corresponding to value K . 1.1 Length of bars of crank and rocker mechanism As shown in Fig.1, left arc GC2 is the permitted field of point A . The coordinates of point A are chosen by small step from point 2C to point G . The coordinates of point A are 02 hyy cA (1) 22 AA yRx (2) where 0h , the step, is increased by small increment within range(0,H ). If the smaller the chosen step is, the higher the computational precision will be. R is the radius of the design circle. d is the distance from 2C to G . 2c o s)2c o s (22c o s 33 lRld (3) Calculating the length of arc 1AC and 2AC , the length of the bars of the mechanism corresponding to point A is obtained1,2. 1.2 Minimum transmission angle min Minimum transmission angle min (see Fig.2) is determined by the equations3 32 2142322 m i n 2 )(c o s ll llll (4) 32 2142322 m a x 2 )(c o s ll llll (5) maxmin 180 (6) where 1l Length of crank(mm) 2l Length of connecting bar(mm) 3l Length of rocker(mm) 4l Length of machine frame(mm) Firstly, we choose minimum comparing min with min . And then we record all values of min greater than or equal to 40 and choose the maximum of them. Secondly, we find the maximum of min corresponding to any oscillating angle which is chosen by small step in the permitted range (maximum of min is different oscillating angle and the coefficient of travel speed variation K ). Finally, we change the length of rocker 3l by small step similarly. Thus we may obtain the maximum of min corresponding to the different length of bars, different oscillating angle and the coefficient of travel speed variation K . Fig.3 is accomplished from Table for the purpose of diagram design. It is worth pointing out that whatever the length of rocker 3l is evaluated, the location that the maximum of min arises is only related to the ratio of the length of rocker and the length of machine frame 3l / 4l , while independent of 3l . 2. DESIGN METHOD 2.1 Realizing the optimal transmission design given the coefficient of travel speed variation and the maximum oscillating angle of the rocker The design procedure is as follows. (1) According to given K and , taken account to the formula the extreme included angle is found. The corresponding ratio of the length of bars 3l / 4l is obtained consulting Fig.3. 18011KK (7) (2) Choose the length of rocker 3l according to the work requirement, the length of the machine frame is obtained from the ratio 3l / 4l . (3) Choose the centre of fixed hinge D as the vertex arbitrarily, and plot an isosceles triangle, the side of which is equal to the length of rocker 3l (see Fig.4), and 21DCC . Then plot 212 CCMC , draw NC1 , and make angle 9012 NCC . Thus the point of intersection of MC2 and NC1 is gained. Finally, draw the circumcircle of triangle 21CPC . (4) Plot an arc with point D as the centre of the circle, 4l as the radius. The arc intersections arc GC2 at point A . Point A is just the centre of the fixed hinge of the crank. Therefore, from the length of the crank 2/)( 211 ACACl (8) and the length of the connecting bar 112 lACl (9) we will obtain the crank and rocker mechanism consisted of 1l , 2l , 3l , and 4l .Thus the optimal transmission property is realized under given conditions. 2.2 Realizing the optimal transmission design given the length of the rocker (or the length of the machine frame) and the coefficient of travel speed variation We take the following steps. (1) The appropriate ratio of the bars 3l / 4l can be chosen according to given K . Furthermore, we find the length of machine frame 4l (the length of rocker 3l ). (2) The corresponding oscillating angle of the rocker can be obtained consulting Fig.3. And we calculate the extreme included angle . Then repeat (3) and (4) in section 2.1 3. DESIGN EXAMPLE The known conditions are that the coefficient of travel speed variation 1818.1K and maximum oscillating angle 40 . The crankandrocker mechanism realizing the optimal transmission is designed by the diagram solution method presented above. First, with Eq.(7), we can calculate the extreme included angle 15 . Then, we find 93.0/ 43 ll consulting Fig.3 according to the values of and . If evaluate 503l mm, then we will obtain 76.5393.0/504 l mm. Next, draw sketch(omitted). As result, the length of bars is 161l mm, 462l mm, 503l mm, 76.534 l mm. The minimum transmission angle is 3698.46 2 )(a r c c o s 32 2142322 m in ll llll The results obtained by computer are 2227.161 l mm, 5093.442 l mm, 0000.503 l mm, 8986.534 l mm. Provided that the figure design is carried under the condition of the Auto CAD circumstances, very precise design results can be achieved. 4. CONCLUSIONS A novel approach of diagram solution can realize the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rocker mechanism. The method is simple and convenient in the practical use. In conventional design of mechanism, taking 0.1 mm as the value of effective the precision of the component sizes will be enough.