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1、Unit 6World Affairs Plan for the ClassvNovelty and liveliness of English NewsvReading and discussion: Why the Monarchy Must Stay Novelty and livelinessvCreating new wordsvUse of idiomsvUse of euphemism vUse of special words Creating new wordsvDove conciliator partyvAngel things seldom happenvGoogle
2、gather informationvMouse potato people who are addicted to the Internet Creating new wordsv In todays confused mix of assertion，infoainment, opinion，pseudo-fact and spin，readers have a right to expect moremore verification，more transparency，more evidenceto decide for them selves the truth about issu
3、es as important as those raised in this book （娛樂性新聞節(jié)目） v Billick acknowledged that the Ravens have the ability to sever ties with Grbac after this season at a cost of only 55 millionthe price of his signing bonus and this years salary （簽約酬金） Creating new wordsvThe coach saw the situation as a no-bra
4、inerThe players saw it as surrender （顯而易見的事） vHe is perfectly content to wait for an editorial consensus on matters like whether to use email，e-mail or E-mail （電子郵件，給發(fā)電子郵件） New coined wordsv dawk(中間派): dove(溫和派)+hawk(好戰(zhàn)派) (blending)v AIDS (艾滋病): acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acronym)v Clinton
5、omics(克林頓的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策) (derivation and affixation)v Whitewatergate (克林頓的白水門事件) (compounding) Old words, new meaningsvplastic (塑料-信用卡)vto telegram (電報(bào)-發(fā)電報(bào)) Words from brands namesvBand-Aid (邦迪牌)創(chuàng)口帖vKleenex (克里內(nèi)克斯牌)紙巾 Words created for special occasionsv cradle-to-grave 由生到死v small-is-beautiful 以小為美v turn-of
6、-the-century 世紀(jì)之交 Borrowing foreign words v American barsand living rooms may never be the same, now that a Japanese sing-along fad known as Karaoke has begun to infiltrate American popular culture. (Japanese)v Mr. Peter Broke was yesterday morning recovering from a press of work and steeling himsel
7、f for the task of instilling a little perestroika into Conservative Central Office in his new role as party chairman. (Russian, reform) Borrowing foreign wordsv Though he is losing his monopoly，the 79-year-old tycoon still wields considerable influence (Japanese, big business )v Jang Ha Sung，a finan
8、ce professor at Korea University，complained that “theres still no brake on the chaebol，” using the word for any conglomerate with m ore than 1billion or so in assets，generally dominated by the founder or his heirs (South Korea, tycoon) Borrowing foreign wordsv glasnost 公開性；開放v intelligentsia 知識分子；知識
9、界v samizdat 地下出版物v judo 柔道v jujitsu 柔術(shù) v sumo 相撲 v tycoon 巨頭 v go 圍棋 v kungfu 功夫v wushu 武術(shù) v Taoism 道教v kowtow 磕頭，叩頭v typhoon 臺風(fēng)v shanghai 拐騙，脅迫 v rapport 友好v visa 簽證 v per 每一 Use of idiomsvShorteningvExtensionvImitationvDecomposition Shorteningv Employees foster nose-to-the-grindstone strategies. a
10、 shortened form of the idiom “keep one s nose to the grindstone” ExtensionvMany government-sponsored agencies are now jumping on the exercise-bandwagon and coaxing reluctant spectators to join the fun. extended from the idiom “jumping on the bandwagon” ImitationvThe strongman flashed hot and cold de
11、rived from the idiom “blow hot and cold” DecompositionvThey have a mountain of high-resounding resolve and a molehill of results. a decomposed form of the idiom “make a mountain out of a molehill” Use of euphemism vExaggerating euphemism vNarrowing euphemism Exaggerating euphemism v madhouse(瘋?cè)嗽? me
12、ntal hospital(精神病院)v gardener(園丁) landscaper(園林師) v economic crisis(經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)) recession(衰退) v ghetto(貧民窟) inner city(內(nèi)城區(qū)) v air strike(空中打擊) air option(制空選擇)v attack (進(jìn)攻) pacify the area(綏靖) Narrowing euphemismv She is pregnant: She is expecting. v die: pass away, departv poor: needy, disadvantaged, und
13、erprivileged, deprived v the old: the aged, the aging, the graying armyv prison: correctional centerv illegitimate child: love child Use of special words v voice: to expressv stance: standv sentiment: opinionv haphazard: accidental v affluent: rich or wealthyv round: a series of actionsv resource ce
14、nter: libraryv learning experience: classroom Britains system of government v UK is both a (君主立憲制) and (議會制民主). v While the official head of state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. Practically everything she does is on the advice of her ministers. And she must be complet
15、ely impartial (君主統(tǒng)而不治). Main ideavIn this article the author explained why the monarchy must stay. He quoted Winston Churchill as saying the parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy are imperfect but the best that man had yet devised. It keeps politicians from holding all the power and pr
16、eventing politicians from too easily usurping power. Para. 1vWinston Churchills view on parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy: imperfect- but the best that man had yet devised Monarchy vGovernment or a state ruled by a king or queen RepublicvA state completely governed by elected repre
17、sentatives, the head of the state is not a king or queen but a president Parliamentary democracyv Parliamentary democracy is a political system of Britain. v Parliamentary Election or the legislative electionIt involves the general election of the 635 members of the House of Common. It is held every
18、 5 years after the Queen dissolves the parliament and announces the election. The majority party in the Parliament is the leading party. The Leader is appointed by the Queen as the prime minister. Constitutional monarchyvA monarchy in which the ruler (King or Queen) has only those powers given to hi
19、m or her by the constitution and laws of the nation. Constitutional monarchvThe monarch whose powers are given by the constitution and the law of the nation Para 2vBritish system of constitutional monarchy shows why a monarch is a more successful figurehead than a president. Political accountability
20、 (Par. 2)v(the head of state should take) political responsibility (for leading the state) Above politicsvThe head of state should keep himself/herself from interference in politics or taking sides in any political debate (even when Labor Party once advocated and practiced socialism) Para 3vThe cons
21、titutional monarch, who has powers that may surprise many, waives these powers and is bound by tradition to accept the advice of Parliament. Translationv In Great Britainbecome constitutional (Par. 3，Note 5) 事情經(jīng)常那樣就成為習(xí)慣，而習(xí)慣的事就成了憲法(這樣說是因?yàn)橛鴳椃ú皇浅晌姆ǎ挥辛?xí)慣法或不成文法，即未經(jīng)國家立法程序制定的，而是由國家認(rèn)可并賦予法律競效習(xí)的習(xí)慣、判例等。其特點(diǎn)是未經(jīng)
22、通常的立法程序，而并不是沒有文字記載，主要由習(xí)慣演進(jìn)而成。 Para 4vThe apolitical stance of monarchy is one of its great strengths. Translationv This apolitical stance has made it possible for the political culture of Great Britain to assimilate, with relative ease, theories that would appear on the face of things to be radicall
23、y at odds with a system of monarchical government for example, socialism.（Par. 4） 這種不涉及政治的態(tài)度使英國的政治文化能夠比較容易地與那些顯然完全不同于君主政體的理論，如社會主義，和睦相處。 Para 5vIf one were to jettison the monarchy, government, Parliament, the nation and the commonwealth would be turned upside down. The commonwealthv The Commonwealt
24、h of Nations- is an association of countries that have been, or in some cases, still ruled by Britain. v All the members of the commonwealth recognize the reigning British sovereign as the head of the Commonwealth. v Actually, it is an association of nations and dependencies loosely joined by a comm
25、on interest based on having been parts of the old Empire. They have close trade relationship with each other. The British Monarch is the symbolic head of the Commonwealth. TranslationvAny replacement would be ruinously costly, both in financial terms and also in terms of the loss of a unifying natio
26、nal symbol and a vital historical link. (Par. 5) 無論是財(cái)政方面還是在失去統(tǒng)一的民族特征及至關(guān)重要的歷史環(huán)節(jié)方面來說，任何一種替代都將損失巨大，只有君主制能提供持續(xù)性，在國民觀念不斷變化的國家里保持穩(wěn)定。 Translationv Only a monarchy can providenational vision：In other words, the monarchy should not be replaced by republicanism because politics in Britain today reflects conti
27、nuity with the past. Traditional, aristocratic, and modern outlooks coexist and sometimes fuse. 只有君主制才能賦予這樣的連續(xù)性，在英國國民不斷變化的眼光中，它仍然是忠于職守，始終不變的。 Para 6vBritish monarchy has served both the empire and the commonwealth with great distinction. Queen Elizabeth IIShe is the constitutional monarch of 16 sove
28、reign states and their territories and dependencies, as well as head of the 53 member Commonwealth of Nations. Queen Elizabeth II Para 7vMonarchy is threatened because the idea of republicanism seems more democratic and less overtly hierarchical. Annus horribilisv Annus horribilis: a Latin phrase me
29、aning horrible year, or alternatively, year of horrors，year of wonders.v Annus Mirabilis: John Drydens poem， (1666： year of Plague and Fire of London) v Horribilis：refers to Great Fire at Windsor Castle in 1992, when, coincidentally, Prince Charles and Princess Diana separated. Camillagate and Squid
30、gygatev The suffix “-gate” implies a scandal of some sort, involving a taped conversation (after “Watergate”). v Camillagate：Camilla was a close female friend of Prince Charles; v Squidgygate：Squigy was a former male friend of Princess Diana. v Both parties had private telephone conversation records
31、 released to the press. .VS. Gone with the wind ! TranslationvThe public actions and statements of other members of the royal family-however laudable or distressing they may be-have no effects on the monarchs power or status. (para. 7)v皇室其它成員在公共場合的行為及演說-無論是值得稱贊的還是令人煩惱的-都對君主的權(quán)力或地位沒有任何影響 Para 8vDespit
32、e recent bursts of anti-monarchical feeling, however, it is still hard to discover a strong movement toward a republic in this country. ParaphrasevThat people like things the way they are. vIn view of the current situation, (all this shows that) people like the general state of affairs today or rath
33、er, the existing system- the monarchy- in Britain. Translationvin its call for a wider debate on this issue still advocated the retention of Queen Elizabeth as head of state until her death. (Par. 8) v呼吁在君主制去留問題上做廣泛的討論時(shí)仍然提倡保留伊麗莎白女王作為國家元首直至她辭世 Question 1 vWhat was Mr. Churchills view on Britains syst
34、em of government? Do you agree with him? a. He thought it was the best that man had yet devised though it was imperfect. b. Open. Question 2vWhat role does Queen Elizabeth II play? Can she play a better role than an American president in a sense? Explain. a. She, as head of state, carries out ceremo
35、nial duties, and takes the political accountability while remaining above politics and taking no sides in any political debate. b. In the authors view, she can. An American president is also the leader of a political party, so he cant remain above politics. Question 3vWhat power does Queen Elizabeth
36、 II have? Does Her Majesty have the real power to choose a prime minister? Why or why not? a. She can choose a prime minister, dissolve Parliament and declare war. b. No. She is a figurehead bound by the tradition, constitution and laws of the nation. She does it on the advice of Parliament. Questio
37、n 4vIf the monarchy were abolished, what would things in Britain be like? The government, Parliament, nation, and Commonwealth would be turned upside down. Every nut and bolt of every one of Britains major institutions would have to be altered to make way for change. Question 5vDo you know any scand
38、als about some members of the royal family? Be specific. There are a couple of scandals involving the Queen s sister and children. Apart from Camillagate and Squidgygate, it was reported that Princess Michael of Kent had an affair with oil tycoon John Ward Hunt, a relative of the fabulously wealthy
39、Bunker Hunt of Houston, U. S. A. Question 6v Why must the monarchy stay? Can it keep a politician from holding all the powers? Do you think the monarchy must go? State the reasons. a. In the authors view, it has served both the British Empire and the Commonwealth with great distinction. Besides, it
40、is legitimate and accords with traditions. b. Yes, it can, but it is not the monarchy but the parliamentary democracy that can keep a politician from holding all the powers and becoming a dictator. c. It depends. It is the British people that can decide its future. HomeworkvPreview Unit 7.vIntensive reading: Ahead-of-theCurve Careers
英語新聞標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)及英國君主制的介紹概要.ppt
