新初三暑假語(yǔ)法講義——第十四講 主謂一致 倒裝句

《新初三暑假語(yǔ)法講義——第十四講 主謂一致 倒裝句》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《新初三暑假語(yǔ)法講義——第十四講 主謂一致 倒裝句（10頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第十四講 主謂一致 倒裝句 中考要求內(nèi)容基本要求略高要求較高要求主謂一致&倒裝句一、倒裝句和主謂一致的講解。二、句型中需要注意的問(wèn)題。語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)梳理主謂一致語(yǔ)法一致原則主謂在語(yǔ)法上的一致即指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。若句子中主語(yǔ)插入部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)保持一致。主語(yǔ)+ with/as well as/ without/ including/ besides/ except/ not/ together with 作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)一致 而與插入部分無(wú)關(guān)。All the students, including Miss Chen, are going to the par

2、ty.1.each 用作代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Each of the children has an orange.2.every, each, one, another, little, a little, much 加單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；both, few, a few, many 加復(fù)數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Each boy has an apple.Both girls are beauty.3.neither+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，或 neither of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Neither answers i

3、s right.Neither of the twins likes bread.4.動(dòng)詞ing 形式、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。To do much more difficult than to say.意義一致原則主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在意義上的一致指根據(jù)句子意思主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，從而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其保持一致。1.若一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。She comes here once a week.2.表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；以S 結(jié)尾的名詞，如 news, works, maths, plastics 及

4、以 ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱名詞 physics, politics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。I dont the news in the newspaper is true.Three years has passed quickly.3.people 一詞在表示人 的意思時(shí)總是表示復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)。Look! 3 people are standing under the tree.4.everyone, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, nothing, something 等 不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Everything begins to

5、grow fast in spring.5.一些詞如 lots of, plenty of, a lot of 加不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；a great deal of , a large amount of 只能加不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 A lot of money has spent for the clothes.A lot of students are going to the part.6.修飾語(yǔ) more than one + 單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。More than one year has passed. 就近原則即指謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)與靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。1.

6、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)there be + 單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be為單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)there be + 復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。There is a pen and two apples on the desk.There are two apples and one pen on the desk.2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn) or, either or., neither nor, not only but also 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)就近原則與離謂語(yǔ)最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Neither you nor I am a student now.Not only they but also I like t

7、he suit.One or Two days are more than enough.考點(diǎn)梳理倒裝句 英語(yǔ)句子通常有兩種語(yǔ)序:一種主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后,稱為自然語(yǔ)序,另一種謂語(yǔ)在前,主語(yǔ)在后,稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序按“主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)” 這種順序排列的句子是陳述語(yǔ)序。如果排列順序變?yōu)椤爸^語(yǔ)（ 或謂語(yǔ)一部分）+主語(yǔ)”，就是倒裝。倒裝句分為：一、部分倒裝就是把謂語(yǔ)中的be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)前面。常見(jiàn)于下列幾種情況：(一). only所修飾的副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，要用： only+ 狀語(yǔ)+ be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)及其他Only when he told me the news

8、did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.注意：only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不需要倒裝。1.Only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope(二).含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時(shí)。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not unt

9、il, no sooner (than), hardly (when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。We seldom get up at four in the morning.= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.(1)hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常語(yǔ)序 had hard

10、ly done when did 或用倒裝句式Hardly had + 主語(yǔ)+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.(2)not only but also 如連接兩個(gè)成分時(shí)，不用倒裝；連接句子時(shí)， 前面的句子要用倒裝。Not only was everythi

11、ng that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.2I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy! A. did I feel B. I felt C. I

12、had felt D. had I felt3Not until I began to work _how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 4No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun(三).在sothat, suchthat句型中，若把so,

13、such引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首時(shí)。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.5So difficult _it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well. A. Ive felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel(四).省略了if的虛擬條件句中，把were, had或should放在句首時(shí)。If I were you, I would take the

14、job. = Were I you, I would take the job.6_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will(五).把副詞so放在句首，表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。I like reading English, so does he. (六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。 If you wont go, neither will I.7.-I dont

15、think I can walk any further. -_, lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I dont think so D. I think so(七)用于形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as (though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。注意：當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，則名詞前不加任何冠詞；主謂并不倒裝。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Child as he is, he knows a lot.8_

16、, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much(八).由however, no matter how引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，把however+形容詞/副詞，no matter how+形容詞/副詞放在句首時(shí)。9_, mother will wait for him to have dinner tog

17、ether. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is二、全部倒裝就是把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分放在主語(yǔ)之前。注意：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。常見(jiàn)于幾種情況：(一).用于地點(diǎn)副詞here, there,方位副詞out, in, up, down及時(shí)間副詞now, then等開頭的句子里，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。There goes the bell. Look! Here they come. 這種倒裝要求：主語(yǔ)必須是名詞。主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序不變。Here it

18、is.Away he went.這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.(二).當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)放句首時(shí)。注意：謂語(yǔ)多為be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物動(dòng)詞；倒裝時(shí)不需要助動(dòng)詞。Under the table are three white cats. In front of the tower flews a stream.10Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man satC. d

19、id a fat man satD. sat a fat man(三)there放在句首時(shí)，要用倒裝句式。在“there + be”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動(dòng)詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the woo

20、den house.(四).表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為表語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。(1)形容詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. (2)過(guò)去分詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.(3)介詞短語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)In front of the playground is a newly-built ho

21、use. (五).有時(shí)由于主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)很短，為保持句子平衡，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)。They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the Communist Party of China!May you all be happy.隨堂鞏固 1._ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2

22、._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in cameC. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3. Over _ , dead.A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goatC. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum?_.A. There is itB. There it isC. There isD. Here is it5. Where is your father?Oh, _.A

23、. here he comes B. he here comesC. here does he come D. here comes he6. The door opened and there _ .A. enters an old man B. entered an old manC. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text.A. will comeB. comesC. has comeD. there is8. Often _ them not to smoke her

24、e.A. we advised B. advised meC. did we advise D. had we advised9._ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boysB. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the roomD. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 11._ who was w

25、ounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old man B. does an old man liveC. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13.She plays the pian

26、o very well, _.A. so every one of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14.You say he works hard, _, and _.A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting

27、._.A. So we were B. So we didC. So were we D. So did we16.I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I .A. so amB. nor am C. neither doD. nor do18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native languag

28、e .A. So it was with Angles B. So was it with AnglesC. So was Angles D. So did Angles19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._.A. So does a man B. So will a manC. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.A. had she been in;

29、 do B. she was in; makeC. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have21.So loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him.A. did he speak B. did he spokeC. spoke he D. he spoke22. _ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. Strange so was B. So strange wasC. Was so strange D. So was stra

30、nge23.Not once _ their plan.A. did they change B. they changedC. changed they D. they did change24. Never _ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.A. are seeing B. had I seenC. I have seen D. have I seen25.Seldom _ TV during the day.A. they watch B. are they watchingC. have they watched D. do they watch

31、26.Nowhere _ as in my garden.A. the flowers were so beautifulB. were the flowers so beautifulC. so beautiful were the flowersD. so beautiful the flowers were27. Hardly _ his homework when he went out.A. finished he B. he had finishedC. did he finish D. had he finished28.Scarcely _ finished their hom

32、ework _ I came into the classroom.A. had they; than B. they had; whenC. had they; when D. did they; when29. Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.A. has he made B. does he makeC. he madeD. did he make30. Not until his comrades criticized him _ to admit his mistake.A. had he begun B. began heC. d

33、id he begin D. does he begin答案 15 CABBA 610 BBBDA 1115 BCCBA 1620 BAACC 2125 ABADD 2630 BDCDC我的大學(xué)愛(ài)情觀目錄：1、 大學(xué)概念2、 分析愛(ài)情健康觀3、 愛(ài)情觀要三思4、 大學(xué)需要對(duì)愛(ài)情要認(rèn)識(shí)和理解5、 總結(jié)1、什么是大學(xué)愛(ài)情：大學(xué)是一個(gè)相對(duì)寬松，時(shí)間自由，自己支配的環(huán)境，也正因?yàn)檫@樣，培植愛(ài)情之花最肥沃的土地。大學(xué)生戀愛(ài)一直是大學(xué)校園的熱門話題，戀愛(ài)和學(xué)業(yè)也就自然成為了大學(xué)生在校期間面對(duì)的兩個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。戀愛(ài)關(guān)系處理得好、正確，健康，可以成為學(xué)習(xí)和事業(yè)的催化劑，使人學(xué)習(xí)努力、成績(jī)上升；戀愛(ài)關(guān)系處理的不當(dāng)

34、，不健康，可能分散精力、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、情緒波動(dòng)、成績(jī)下降。因此，大學(xué)生的戀愛(ài)觀必須樹立在健康之上，并且樹立正確的戀愛(ài)觀是十分有必要的。因此我從下面幾方面談?wù)勛约旱膶?duì)大學(xué)愛(ài)情觀。2、什么是健康的愛(ài)情：1) 尊重對(duì)方，不顯示對(duì)愛(ài)情的占有欲，不把愛(ài)情放第一位，不癡情過(guò)分；2) 理解對(duì)方，互相關(guān)心，互相支持，互相鼓勵(lì)，并以對(duì)方的幸福為自己的滿足; 3) 是彼此獨(dú)立的前提下結(jié)合；3、什么是不健康的愛(ài)情：1)盲目的約會(huì)，忽視了學(xué)業(yè);2)過(guò)于癡情，一味地要求對(duì)方表露愛(ài)的情懷，這種愛(ài)情常有病態(tài)的夸張;3)缺乏體貼憐愛(ài)之心，只表現(xiàn)自己強(qiáng)烈的占有欲;4)偏重于外表的追求;4、大學(xué)生處理兩人的在愛(ài)情觀需要三思：1. 不

35、影響學(xué)習(xí)：大學(xué)戀愛(ài)可以說(shuō)是一種必要的經(jīng)歷，學(xué)習(xí)是大學(xué)的基本和主要任務(wù)，這兩者之間有錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系，有的學(xué)生因?yàn)閻?ài)情，過(guò)分的忽視了學(xué)習(xí)，把感情放在第一位；學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候就認(rèn)真的去學(xué)，不要去想愛(ài)情中的事，談戀愛(ài)的時(shí)候用心去談，也可以交流下學(xué)習(xí)，互相鼓勵(lì)，共同進(jìn)步。2. 有足夠的精力：大學(xué)生活，說(shuō)忙也會(huì)很忙，但說(shuō)輕松也是相對(duì)會(huì)輕松的！大學(xué)生戀愛(ài)必須合理安排自身的精力，忙于學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)不能因?yàn)楦星榈氖虑榉中模荒茉趯W(xué)習(xí)期間，放棄學(xué)習(xí)而去談感情，把握合理的精力，分配好學(xué)習(xí)和感情。3、 有合理的時(shí)間；大學(xué)時(shí)間可以分為學(xué)習(xí)和生活時(shí)間，合理把握好學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和生活時(shí)間的“度”很重要；學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，不能分配學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間去安排兩

36、人的在一起的事情，應(yīng)該以學(xué)習(xí)為第一；生活時(shí)間，兩人可以相互談?wù)剳賽?ài)，用心去談，也可以交流下學(xué)習(xí)，互相鼓勵(lì)，共同進(jìn)步。5、大學(xué)生對(duì)愛(ài)情需要認(rèn)識(shí)與理解，主要涉及到以下幾個(gè)方面：（1） 明確學(xué)生的主要任務(wù)“放棄時(shí)間的人，時(shí)間也會(huì)放棄他?！贝髮W(xué)時(shí)代是吸納知識(shí)、增長(zhǎng)才干的時(shí)期。作為當(dāng)代大學(xué)生，要認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)在的任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)做人、學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)、學(xué)習(xí)為人民服務(wù)的本領(lǐng)。在校大學(xué)生要集中精力，投入到學(xué)習(xí)和社會(huì)實(shí)踐中，而不是因把過(guò)多的精力、時(shí)間用于談情說(shuō)愛(ài)浪費(fèi)寶貴的青春年華。因此，明確自己的目標(biāo)，規(guī)劃自己的學(xué)習(xí)道路，合理分配好學(xué)習(xí)和戀愛(ài)的地位。（2） 樹林正確的戀愛(ài)觀提倡志同道合、有默契、相互喜歡的愛(ài)情：在戀人的選擇上

37、最重要的條件應(yīng)該是志同道合，思想品德、事業(yè)理想和生活情趣等大體一致。擺正愛(ài)情與學(xué)習(xí)、事業(yè)的關(guān)系：大學(xué)生應(yīng)該把學(xué)習(xí)、事業(yè)放在首位，擺正愛(ài)情與學(xué)習(xí)、事業(yè)的關(guān)系，不能把寶貴的大學(xué)時(shí)間，鍛煉自身的時(shí)間都用于談情說(shuō)有愛(ài)而放松了學(xué)習(xí)。 相互理解、相互信任，是一份責(zé)任和奉獻(xiàn)。愛(ài)情是奉獻(xiàn)而不時(shí)索取，是擁有而不是占有。身邊的人與事時(shí)刻為我們敲響警鐘，不再讓悲劇重演。生命只有一次，不會(huì)重來(lái)，大學(xué)生一定要樹立正確的愛(ài)情觀。（3） 發(fā)展健康的戀愛(ài)行為 在當(dāng)今大學(xué)校園，情侶成雙入對(duì)已司空見(jiàn)慣。抑制大學(xué)生戀愛(ài)是不實(shí)際的，大學(xué)生一定要發(fā)展健康的戀愛(ài)行為。與戀人多談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)與工作，把戀愛(ài)行為限制在社會(huì)規(guī)范內(nèi)，不致越軌，要使愛(ài)情

38、沿著健康的道路發(fā)展。正如馬克思所說(shuō)：“在我看來(lái)，真正的愛(ài)情是表現(xiàn)在戀人對(duì)他的偶像采取含蓄、謙恭甚至羞澀的態(tài)度，而絕不是表現(xiàn)在隨意流露熱情和過(guò)早的親昵?！保?） 愛(ài)情不是一件跟風(fēng)的事兒。很多大學(xué)生的愛(ài)情實(shí)際上是跟風(fēng)的結(jié)果，是看到別人有了愛(ài)情，看到別人幸福的樣子（注意，只是看上去很美），產(chǎn)生了羊群心理，也就花了大把的時(shí)間和精力去尋找愛(ài)情（5） 距離才是保持愛(ài)情之花常開不敗的法寶。愛(ài)情到底需要花多少時(shí)間，這是一個(gè)很大的問(wèn)題。有的大學(xué)生愛(ài)情失敗，不是因?yàn)槟信p方在一起的時(shí)間太少，而是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谝黄鸬臅r(shí)間太多。相反，很多大學(xué)生戀愛(ài)成功，不是因?yàn)槟信p方在一起的時(shí)間太少，而是因?yàn)樗麄儨?zhǔn)確地把握了在一起的時(shí)

39、間的多少程度。（6） 愛(ài)情不是自我封閉的二人世界。很多人過(guò)分的活在兩人世界，對(duì)身邊的同學(xué)，身邊好友漸漸的失去聯(lián)系，失去了對(duì)話，生活中只有彼此兩人；班級(jí)活動(dòng)也不參加，社外活動(dòng)也不參加，每天除了對(duì)方還是對(duì)方，這樣不利于大學(xué)生健康發(fā)展，不僅影響學(xué)習(xí)，影響了自身交際和合作能力。總結(jié)：男女之間面對(duì)戀愛(ài)，首先要擺正好自己的心態(tài)，樹立自尊、自愛(ài)、自強(qiáng)、自重應(yīng)有的品格，千萬(wàn)不要盲目地追求愛(ài)，也不宜過(guò)急追求愛(ài)，要分清自己的條件是否成熟。要樹立正確的戀愛(ài)觀，明確大學(xué)的目的，以學(xué)習(xí)為第一；規(guī)劃好大學(xué)計(jì)劃，在不影響學(xué)習(xí)的條件下，要對(duì)戀愛(ài)認(rèn)真，專一，相互鼓勵(lì)，相互學(xué)習(xí)，共同進(jìn)步；認(rèn)真對(duì)待戀愛(ài)觀，做健康的戀愛(ài)；總之，我們大學(xué)生要樹立正確的戀愛(ài)觀念，讓大學(xué)的愛(ài)情成為青春記憶里最美的風(fēng)景，而不是終身的遺憾！