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1、Unit 4Unit 4Read the sentences from the text.1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.2. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them3. She stepped back appearing surprised 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with 5. , she recog
2、nized Tony Garcias smiling face. attributiveadverbialadverbialadverbialattributive 一一: V-ing 形式由形式由 “doing” 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 其否定形式是其否定形式是 “not doing”, 沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化和數(shù)的變化, 但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。GRAMMAR V-ing 形式形式語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done
3、V-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。1、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的V-ing 形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾語(yǔ)置修飾語(yǔ), 這時(shí)有兩種情況。這時(shí)有兩種情況。1) -ing形式表示被修飾者的作用或功能形式表示被修飾者的作用或功能, 這類(lèi)作這類(lèi)作定語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)的-ing形式叫動(dòng)名詞。形式叫動(dòng)名詞。 a swimming pool= a pool used for swimming drinking water=a sleeping car =動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing做定語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)water used for drinkinga car used fo
4、r sleeping2) -ing形式表示形式表示 “.的的” 意思意思, 表被修表被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，叫現(xiàn)在分詞。飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，叫現(xiàn)在分詞。 a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping working people= the rising sun =people who are workingsun that is rising2、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后它所修飾的名詞之后, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如句。如: They are visitors coming from sev
5、eral countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來(lái)的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。在后來(lái)的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father正與老師談話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我正與老師談話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我們班長(zhǎng)的父親。們班長(zhǎng)的父親。3、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能，法功能，如：如：in the following
6、years=in the years that followed the man speaking to the teacher=the man who is speaking to the teacher 1). _ dogs seldom bite. A. Bark B. To bark C. Barked D.Barking 2). The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_. A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening
7、D. frightening; frightening 3. Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept 4. The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing在語(yǔ)法功能上相當(dāng)于在語(yǔ)法功能上相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞、形容詞動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞和副詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞通常和通常和邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系。但要
8、注意它的各種形式變化：。但要注意它的各種形式變化：主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing做狀語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)一般式一般式完成式完成式1.Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。2.The building being built now is our new library. being built為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式，表示為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
9、之中。動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中。3.Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。完成了工作，他就回家了?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，常常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，常常用來(lái)表示原原因因、時(shí)間時(shí)間、方式方式、結(jié)果結(jié)果、條件條件、伴隨狀況伴隨狀況等。等?，F(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的的狀語(yǔ)一般不用作表目的的狀語(yǔ)（通常用（通常用不定式表目的狀語(yǔ)）。不定式表目的狀語(yǔ)）。Walking in the street, I came across an old
10、 friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)1）表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2) 表原因狀語(yǔ)表原因狀語(yǔ) Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=Because/As he was ill, he
11、 didnt go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.) Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 3)表方式、伴隨情況地狀語(yǔ)表方式、伴隨情況地狀語(yǔ) ：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)地分詞表示的動(dòng)作，必須是作伴隨狀語(yǔ)地分詞表示的動(dòng)作，必須是主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)一個(gè) 動(dòng)作動(dòng)作，或是，或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)
12、）與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是，或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)）對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞（或狀態(tài)）作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。 _, they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。著墻站著。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Lau
13、ghing and talking4) 表結(jié)果表結(jié)果Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。歡迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country, _ .making it the most popular song5)表?xiàng)l件表?xiàng)l件Using your he
14、ad, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就會(huì)看到一座白色的房子。一直往前走，你就會(huì)看到一座白色的房子。_, you will see a white house.Walking ahead 6)與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了，他們失望地離開(kāi)了。所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了，他們失望地離開(kāi)了。Time permitting
15、, well do another two exercises. 如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。有時(shí)也可用有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。(7)作獨(dú)立成分：作獨(dú)立成分：Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。Attention Please -ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)形式
16、作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)是一致的。句的主語(yǔ)是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time , 而句子的主語(yǔ)是而句子的主語(yǔ)是I , 兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 所以只能用獨(dú)立主所以只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)格結(jié)構(gòu), 也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearin
17、g surprised.His nose touches Mr. Cooks moving hand. You see her step back appearing surprised.= You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. His nose touched Mr. Cooks
18、 moving hand. =His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is moving.= They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.= This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kis
19、sed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body l
20、anguage. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.who is standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomewor
21、k Grammar work 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Not _(know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when _(cross) the street.3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exp
22、osed.5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _ (read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.leavingreadingTakingHaving closed Grammar quiz 語(yǔ)法小測(cè)語(yǔ)法小測(cè) 1. When _ di
23、fferent cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. ha
24、ving said 3. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 4. _ , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally5.
25、 “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressio
26、ns are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeakingCorrect the sentences.5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the w
27、orld.pointingKnockmakingChoose the best answer. 1. They set out _ for the _ boy. A. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing 2. The student sat there, _ what to do. A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing4. The _ Prime Minister expressed his s
28、atisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added 5. The stranger said something in _ voice and the little girl was very much _ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D
29、. frightened, frightened 6. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 7. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 8. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no sid
30、e effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 9. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed10. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. lookin
31、g B. to look C. looked D. having looked 11. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 12. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interru
32、pted D. indicated; interrupted 13. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 14. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 15.
33、- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 16. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing
34、; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 17. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 18. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung19.
35、 _ suddenly, the girl with tearful eyes ran out of the office. A. Turned B. To turn C. Turning D. Turn20. The problem _ at the meeting now is how to help the local economy develop quickly. A. discussing B. discuss C. being discussed D. to be discussed21. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interv
36、iew. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having22. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop23. Peter received a letter just
37、 now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 24. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought根據(jù)根據(jù)A句完成句完成B句句,使兩句意思不變。使兩句意思不變。1. A: Having done their homework,
38、 the children played football. B: _, the children played football.2. A: If you work hard, you will do well in the exam. B: _, you will do well in the exam.3. A: The boy fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.After they had done their homeworkWorking hard B: The boy fell _ _.4. A: Sh
39、e sat there and stared at the ceiling. B: She sat there, _. 5. A: Although he is not rich, he helped the poor generously. B: _, he helped the poor generously. so that he struck his head against the door and cut it staring at the ceilingNot being rich Homework 1. Finish the exercises in Discovering useful structures.
浙江省天臺(tái)縣平橋第二中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) Unit 4 Body language （Grammar）課件 新人教版必修4
