副詞的用法 講義 高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí).docx

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1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)梳理副詞副詞的形式一、副詞的構(gòu)成一、副詞的構(gòu)成(2)以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，先去掉e再加lybeautifully 美麗地commercially商業(yè)上地 carefully認(rèn)真地 especially特別地；尤其 wisely聰明地honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地recently 最近形容詞+后綴ly（1）直接加-ly anxiously焦慮地 closely緊密地 consequently 結(jié)果 differently 困難地 globally全球地 greatly 非常 really真正地 ably精明能干地miserably悲慘地possibly可能地comfortably 舒適地

2、terribly可怕地simply簡(jiǎn)單地briefly簡(jiǎn)要地 completely 完全地 roughly大約地 frankly坦白地 sincerely真誠(chéng)地 obviously顯然地gently溫柔地 suitably適當(dāng)?shù)豠ngrily氣憤地 happily高興地 heavily沉重地【提75】讀音為ai(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾且讀音為L(zhǎng)i的形容詞，先變y為i再加ly。easily容易地luckily幸運(yùn)地busily繁忙地noisily喧鬧地healthily健康地的形容詞，直接加ly構(gòu)成副詞。dry干的-dryly干燥地sly狡猾的一slyly狡猾地shy害羞的一shyly害羞地(

3、4) 以ic結(jié)尾的形容詞，加ally。basically基本地 dramatically戲劇性地energetically精力充沛地 systematically 有系統(tǒng)地automatically 自動(dòng)地 comically滑稽地 economically 經(jīng)濟(jì)地 scientifically 科學(xué)地 theoretically 理論上地（4）quite修飾動(dòng)詞We quite understand what you mean.我們完全理解你的意思。I quite enjoy practicing shadow boxing.我非常喜歡練習(xí)太極拳。（5）quite的位置You are goi

4、ng quite the wrong way.你完全走錯(cuò)路了。（定冠詞之前）He is quite a clever boy.他是一個(gè)相當(dāng)聰明的孩子。（不定冠詞之前）He is a quite clever boy.（不定冠詞之后）1. ever（1）用于一般疑問(wèn)句，意為曾經(jīng)。Does she ever go out at night? 她通常晚上夕卜出嗎？Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾去過(guò)北京嗎？（2）用于否定句，意為無(wú)論何時(shí)都不.，至今不曾.。Nothing ever happens in the lonely village,在這個(gè)偏僻的小村子里,從未

5、 出過(guò)什么大事。We hardly ever go shopping there.我們幾乎不去那里買東西。（3）用于條件句，意為曾經(jīng)、有機(jī)會(huì)。If you ever come to Beijing, please let me know.如果有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)北京,請(qǐng) 告訴我。If you ever have any problems, please call me.你若有問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)給我打電 話。（4）與比較級(jí)連用，意為以前、以往、任何時(shí)候。It is raining hard than ever.雨下得比之前更大了。When she got the letter, she became angrier

6、than ever,拿至ij信后，女也 比之前更生氣了。（5）與最高級(jí)連用，意為空前、有史以來(lái)、從來(lái)沒(méi)有I think she is the best actress ever.我認(rèn)為她是迄今為止最優(yōu)秀的女演員。This is the biggest harvest ever.這是前所未有的大豐收?！颈嫖觥课覐膩?lái)沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這么好的書?！菊`】This is the best book that I have never read.【正】This is the best book that I have ever read.（6）與疑問(wèn)詞連用，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為到底、究竟。How ever did I

7、forget it?我怎么竟然把它忘了呢？Which ever do you want?你到底要哪一個(gè)？Who ever can it be?到底是誰(shuí)呀？When ever did you lose it? 你到底何時(shí)將它遺失的？Where ever did you see the panda?你到底在哪里看見(jiàn)那只熊貓的？（7）構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。as .as ever 和以前一樣 ever since 自從ever more 越發(fā)，越來(lái)越for ever （and ever）永遠(yuǎn)if ever很少，難得than ever比以前更Although she is old, she is as beauti

8、ful as ever.她雖年紀(jì)大了，但風(fēng)韻依 舊。She has known me ever since she was a girl.她從孩提時(shí)候起，就認(rèn)識(shí)我。2. after all（1）表示結(jié)果與預(yù)想的不同，常用于句尾，意為結(jié)果，終究。Im so sorry, I cant come, after all.對(duì)不起，結(jié)果我還是不能來(lái)。He turned up after all.他終究露面了。（2）導(dǎo)出原因，常用于句首，意為畢竟，究竟After all, shes a big girl now,畢竟，她現(xiàn)在是大姑娘了。Its not surprising youre tired.Afte

9、r all, you were up until three last night!你累了不稀奇。畢竟，你昨晚三點(diǎn)才睡覺(jué)。副詞的形式二、易混副詞二、易混副詞.形式相近意義不同的同根副詞He threw the ball high into the ai.他把球高高地拋向空中。（具體意義高 高地）They spoke highly of his behaviour.他們高度贊揚(yáng)了他的行為。（抽象意義高度地）The dentist asked me to open wide.牙醫(yī)要我張大嘴巴。（具體意義張大地）He is widely read.他博覽群書。（抽象意義廣泛地）The ship sa

10、nk deep into the sea JH深深地沉入了海底。（具體意義深深地）He cares for her deeply.他深深地愛(ài)著她。（抽象意義深深地）1 .形容詞和副詞的同形兼類詞（1）時(shí)間名詞+ly構(gòu)成的詞（2）形容詞和副詞的同形兼類詞續(xù)表They had an early breakfast.他們吃了一頓很早的早飯。（early adj.）They had breakfast early.他們很早就吃了早飯。（early adv.）They went taking a fast train.他們乘快車走的。（fast adj.）Dont speak so fast.不要講得那

11、么快。（fast adv.）He wants a straight answer to this question.他要一個(gè)直截了當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢竵?lái)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（straight adj.）Tell me straight what you think,直截了當(dāng)?shù)馗嬖V我你的想法。（straight adv.）副詞的形式三、副詞的分類early 早presently不久，目前tomorrow 明天first最先second其次away離開(kāi)far遠(yuǎn)inside在里面off離開(kāi)there在那里awfully 相當(dāng)三、副詞的分類1 .時(shí)間副詞(1) 表示發(fā)生時(shí)間ago以前finally 最后 immedia

12、tely 立亥4 recently 最近 sometime將來(lái)某時(shí) tonight 今晚(2) 表示時(shí)間順序after后來(lái) later后來(lái) last最后 then然后2 .地點(diǎn)副詞above在上面 backwards 向后 downstairs 在樓下 forward (s)向前 here在這里 near 近 nowhere 無(wú)處 outside在外面 over在上方 upstairs在樓上3 .程度副詞 absolutely 絕對(duì)地 completely 完全地before以前l(fā)ately近來(lái)soon不久finally 最后next其次across越過(guò) everywhere 至ij處 hom

13、e在家out在外面somewhere 某處almost幾乎地forever永遠(yuǎn)frequently 頻繁地爾rarely很少地regularly定期地usually 通常7 .疑問(wèn)副詞enormously 非常地 extremely極端地 greatly 非常 nearly兒乎 partly部分地 rather相當(dāng) scarcely幾乎不 thoroughly 徹底地4 .方式副詞actively活躍地 badly壞地 calmly平靜地 easily容易地 fast快地 quickly敏捷地 quietly靜悄悄地 wrongly錯(cuò)誤地5 .否定副詞barely兒乎不 not不nowhere

14、任何地方都不 seldom彳艮少.頻度副詞always總是entirely全部地 just正是 perfectly完美地 slightly 稍微how如何carefully小心地 gladly高興地 simply 只hardly兒乎不rarely很少地constantly 經(jīng)常地 often經(jīng)常 repeatedly 重復(fù)地exactly正確地much非常quite十分地so那么anyhow無(wú)論如何 distinctly 清晰地 hard困難地 wisely聰明地never永不，決不 scarcely兒乎不continually 不斷 occasionally 偶 sometimes 有時(shí)ho

15、w如何however究竟如何when在什么時(shí)候whenever究竟什么時(shí)候where在哪里wherever究竟在哪里why為什么8.關(guān)系副詞where 的也方when 的時(shí)候 why 的原因【比較】The year when I was born is 1948.我出生那年是 1948。（when 關(guān)系 副詞）He asks me when I9 .連接副詞（1）引導(dǎo)句子 anyhow/anyway 不管， 樣 meanwhile 同 moreover 再者then然后 therefore 因此（2）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 when why where how 10.句子副詞 frankly坦率地 o

16、bviously明顯地 evidently顯然地 fortunately 幸運(yùn)地 luckily僥幸地 hopefully有希望地He asks me when I9 .連接副詞（1）引導(dǎo)句子 anyhow/anyway 不管， 樣 meanwhile 同 moreover 再者then然后 therefore 因此（2）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 when why where how 10.句子副詞 frankly坦率地 obviously明顯地 evidently顯然地 fortunately 幸運(yùn)地 luckily僥幸地 hopefully有希望地born .他問(wèn)我何時(shí)出生besides 況且 ot

17、herwise 否則 though然而honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地generally 一般地 unexpectedly意夕卜地（when疑問(wèn)副詞）however不管怎 still盡管如此 thus因此clearly清楚地briefly簡(jiǎn)略地 naturally自然地副詞的作用一、副詞的句法作用一、副詞的句法作用1.作狀語(yǔ)（1）修飾動(dòng)詞（包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞等）Mary recovered slowly.瑪麗復(fù)原得很慢。（slowly 修飾動(dòng)詞 recovered） He was seen to go upstairs.有人看見(jiàn)他上樓了。（upstairs修飾不定式to go）He was pra

18、ised for having done the work wonderfully.他因工作出色而受表?yè)P(yáng).（wonderfully修飾動(dòng)名詞having done）（2）修飾形容詞The food is very delicious.食物很可口。（very 修飾 delicious）His grades are not good enough for a scholarship.他的成績(jī)遠(yuǎn)未好到得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。（enough修飾good）（3）修飾副詞He speaks English quite fluently.他講英文十分流利。（quite 修飾 fluently） He spoke too

19、quickly for me to understand.他說(shuō)得太快，我聽(tīng)不懂。（too 修飾 quickly）（4）修飾介詞短語(yǔ)Our company is badly in need of new blood.我們公司急需新人。（badly修飾in need of new blood）We are all against the plan.我們?nèi)糠磳?duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。（all 修飾 against the plan）（5）修飾狀語(yǔ)從句He left there soon after I arrived.我到后不久他就離開(kāi)那里。（soon修飾狀語(yǔ)從句）Only when he told me th

20、e news did I know what had happened.當(dāng)他告訴我這個(gè)消息時(shí)我才知道發(fā)生了什么。（only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句） 6）修飾全句actually apparently certainly clearly definitely evidentlyfortunatelyfranklyhonestlyluckily obviouslyperhapspossiblyprobablysurelyundoubtedlyunexpectedlyHappily, he didnt die.幸虧他沒(méi)死。Certainly, I will stand by you forever.當(dāng)然，我會(huì)

21、支持你到底?！颈容^】Clearly he didnt say so.顯然他沒(méi)有這樣說(shuō)。（句子副詞）He didnt say so clearly.他說(shuō)得沒(méi)有那么清楚。（方式副詞）Frankly, you are wrong.說(shuō)實(shí)在的，你錯(cuò)了。（句子副詞）He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地談了他過(guò)去的生活。（方式副詞）2 .作后置定語(yǔ)herethereabroadhomeabovebelowinoutoutdoorsupdownupstairsdownstairstodaytomorrowyesterdayI had the good fortun

22、e to be chosen for a trip abroad.我真幸運(yùn)，被選中出國(guó)旅行。（abroad修飾trip）Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed. 她昨天的講話標(biāo)志著她的觀點(diǎn)己經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變。（yesterday修飾speech）He turned the radio down so that he shouldnt disturb the old lady downstairs.為了不打擾樓下的老太太，他把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)低了。（downstairs 修飾 lady）3 .作表語(yǔ)herethereupdow

23、nawaynearbybackinhomeaheadupstairsdownstairsoffthroughonoverShe is out.她出去了。He seems abroad.他好像出國(guó)了。Beauty is everywhere.美無(wú)處不在?！咎崾尽坑⒄Z(yǔ)中用可作表語(yǔ)的副詞主要是地點(diǎn)副詞。4 .作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Ask the children in.讓孩子們都進(jìn)來(lái)。（in作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）Keep the fire on for a few minutes.讓火持續(xù)兒分鐘。（on作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） Im pleased to see you back.你回來(lái)我很高興。（back作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） The

24、boy was seen upstairs.有人看見(jiàn)這個(gè)男孩在樓上。（upstairs作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)）.作介詞賓語(yǔ)I havent seen him since then.從那時(shí)起我就沒(méi)再見(jiàn)到他了。（then 作 since 的賓語(yǔ)）The museum is very far from here.博物館離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。（here 作 from 的 賓語(yǔ)）副詞的作用二、疑問(wèn)副詞、連接副詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別二、疑問(wèn)副詞、連接副詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別.疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)特殊問(wèn)句How is your grandmothers rheumatism?你奶奶的風(fēng)濕病怎么樣了？Where does she come f

25、rom? 她是哪兒人？When can you come? 你什么時(shí)候能來(lái)？Why was he so late?他為什么來(lái)得那么晚？1 .連接副詞（1）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句When we arrive doesnt matter,我們什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。（主語(yǔ)從句）He asks me when I was born.他問(wèn)我何時(shí)出生。（賓語(yǔ)從句）Thats how I look at it.這是我的看法。（表語(yǔ)從句）Thats why I came round,這就是我來(lái)的原因。（表語(yǔ)從句）We have no idea at all where he has gone.我們根本不知道他去哪里了。

26、（同位語(yǔ)從句）（2）構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道這臺(tái)機(jī)器怎樣啟動(dòng)嗎？I cant decide where to go for my holidays.我定不下來(lái)去哪度假。Tell me when to use this construction.告訴我什么時(shí)候用這種結(jié)構(gòu)?！咎崾尽縲hy不能構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。3.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句We then moved to Paris, where we lived for 6 years.此后我們搬到巴黎，在那里住了 6年。There came a d

27、ay when the rain fell in torrents.有一天下起了傾盆大雨。 The reason why he came is not very convincing j也來(lái)的理由不太有說(shuō)月艮 力。副詞的作用三、特殊副詞的用法三、特殊副詞的用法1.quite(1) quite修飾形容詞What she said was quite true.她說(shuō)的話完全屬實(shí)。She is quite right.她完全正確。This is quite impossible.這是完全不可能的。(2) quite修飾介詞短語(yǔ)Our meeting in London was quite by ch

28、ance.我們?cè)趥惗氐臅?huì)面頗為偶然。 This saying is quite out of date.這種說(shuō)法己經(jīng)完全過(guò)時(shí)。(3) quite修飾數(shù)量短語(yǔ)quite a lot許多quite a time很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間quite an effort很大努力 quite a while 一段相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間quite a few 相當(dāng)多quite a little 相當(dāng)多He has quite a bit of courage也有相當(dāng)大的勇氣。There are quite a few illustrations in the book.書中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的插圖。 His show made quite a deep impression on the audience也的表演給觀 眾留下了深刻的印象。