外研版初二上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解.doc

外研版初二上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解：形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一、比較級(jí)的定義：大多數(shù)的形容詞都有三個(gè)級(jí)別：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。其中比較級(jí)表示“更”，用于兩者之間的比較，用來(lái)說(shuō)明“前者比后者更”，比較級(jí)前面一般用much, even, a little修飾，其中even, much 只能修飾比較級(jí)。二、比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成：（1）規(guī)則變化：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞一般在詞尾加-er Eg: calm-calmer tall-taller smart-smarter以字母e結(jié)尾的直接在詞尾加-r Eg: nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger以“輔音+y 結(jié)尾的詞，變y為 i，再加-er” Eg: early-earlier happy-happier busy-busier以重讀閉音節(jié)的單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫輔音字母，再加-er Eg: big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞在原級(jí)前面加more Eg: popular-more popular important-more important（2）不規(guī)則變化：少數(shù)形容詞的比較級(jí)變化是不規(guī)則的：good-better bad/ill-worse many/much-morelittle-less far-farther/further old-older/elder三、比較級(jí)的用法:(一)當(dāng)兩個(gè)人或事物（A和B）進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們需要用到形容詞（副詞）的原級(jí)或者比較級(jí)1 表達(dá)“A和B一樣”，用asas的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+BEg I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一樣快。2表達(dá)“A不如B”用not asas的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動(dòng)詞的否定形式+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B A+助詞的否定形式+動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+BEg I am not as tall as you.我沒(méi)有你高。 He doesnt run as fast as I. 他沒(méi)有我跑得快。2 表達(dá)“A大于B”用“比較級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí)+than+BEg I am taller than you.我比你高。 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。(二)關(guān)于形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的更多用法1比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示“優(yōu)劣程度”的詞或短語(yǔ)，意思是“更”，“得”。常見(jiàn)詞有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。想一想，這些詞能修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)嗎？2.比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”，“小多少”，“長(zhǎng)多少”，“短多少”等。Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越”。 It is getting warmer and warmer天氣越來(lái)越暖和。He is running faster and faster他跑得越來(lái)越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful我們祖國(guó)越來(lái)越美了。4“the more， the more”表示“越，就越”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越細(xì)心，犯錯(cuò)就越少。5“the moreof the two”表示“兩個(gè)當(dāng)中較。的一個(gè)” The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、當(dāng)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們需要用到形容詞（副詞）的最高級(jí)1表達(dá)“是中最的”,用“the+形容詞（副詞）的最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面可以加上表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)或從句。公式：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+the +形容詞最高級(jí)+（名詞）+表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)或從句主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+（the） +形容詞最高級(jí)+表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)或從句Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. This is the best book that I have ever read.2表示“最的中一個(gè)”，用“one of +the +最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我們班最好的學(xué)生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容詞的最高級(jí)前面有定冠詞the , 而副詞的最高級(jí)前面定冠詞the可以省略。但在形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞時(shí)，不能要定冠詞the.（二）常見(jiàn)的用來(lái)表示范圍的介詞有in, of, among五、運(yùn)用形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問(wèn)題： (一)、按語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，than后面的人稱代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用主格，但口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有時(shí)會(huì)用賓格代替主格。 Eg He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同類的事物才能比較 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能說(shuō) Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能說(shuō)The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.【語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題】1、That boy looks as as a boxer.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?A. good B. better C. best D. well4、-Oh, the food is bad. -I think so .And the service(服務(wù)) is _. Athe worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse5、-You are the same coat as I. -Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive6、The experts think that Indias population may be than Chinas 2020.A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on7、This year our school is than it was last year.A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful8、 you work, knowledge you will get.A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more9、He has friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more10、She draws better than .A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we11、Shanghai is larger than city in China. A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else12、Im not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as13、I have fewer apples than .A. he B. his C. hers D. mine14、The news is surprising.A. much B. very C. more D. very much15、The population of China is larger than .A. America B. the one of Americas C. that of America D. Americans16、Which is _clothing store in your town? A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best17、My sister is _person I know. A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest18、Is Mr Du _ teacher in your school?A. the most busy B. the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest19、He is _more beuutiful than I.A. too B. enough C. much D. very20、The box is _heavy .I cant move it.A. much B. more C. enough D. too21、The book is the_one in the bookshop Athe most cheap Bthe expensive Cthe most expensive Dthe less expensiver22、I have _ apples and _milk than you.A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less 23、You should study English hard, because its getting_ in our country .A. more and more important B. more important and more importantC. importanter and importanter D. important and important24、Her brother is _than she. A. 7 year older B. 7 year old C. 7 years old D. 7 years older25、The Famous People Talent Show was one of _that I have ever seen.A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows