塑料模具CAD集成技術外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯

塑料模具CAD集成技術摘要：通過分析計算機輔助注射模設計和制造的各個環(huán)節(jié)中共享的技術和信息，本文揭示了注射模CAD的集成技術的根本內(nèi)涵，并提出了它的研究熱點和趨勢。關鍵詞： 計算機輔助；CAD；設計制造1.塑料模具CAD集成技術塑料模具的制造，包括塑料產(chǎn)品的造型設計、模具的結構設計及分析、模具的數(shù)控加工(銑削、電加工、線切割等)、拋光和配試模以及快速成形制造等。各個環(huán)節(jié)所涉及的CAD單元技術有:造型和結構設計(CAD)、產(chǎn)品外形的快速反求(RE)、結構分析與優(yōu)化設計(CAE)、輔助制造(CAM)、加工過程虛擬仿真(SIMULATION)、產(chǎn)品及模具的快速成形(RP)、輔助工藝過程(CAPP)和產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理技術(PDM)等。塑料模具CAD集成技術,就是把塑料模具制造過程所涉及的各項單元技術集成起來,統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)庫和文件傳輸格式,實現(xiàn)信息集成和數(shù)據(jù)資源共享,從而大大縮短模具的設計制造周期,提高制模質量。2.塑料產(chǎn)品的CAD設計與外形的快速反求進行塑料模具設計制造的第一步是塑件產(chǎn)品的設計。傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品設計方法是設計者對產(chǎn)品的三維構思用二維平面圖紙表達出來,圖紙上標明工藝及施工方法,這種方法決定了所設計圖形的簡單性及不能直接控制制造質量。現(xiàn)代設計方法是設計者在電腦上直接建立產(chǎn)品的三維模型,根據(jù)產(chǎn)品三維模型進行模具結構設計及優(yōu)化設計,再根據(jù)模具結構設計三維模型進行加工編程及編制工藝計劃。這種方法使產(chǎn)品模型設計、模具結構設計、加工編程及工藝設計都以3D數(shù)據(jù)為基礎, 實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享,不僅能快速提高設計效率,而且能保證質量, 降低成本。電腦塑件產(chǎn)品模型的來源有三種: 利用CAD系統(tǒng)軟件進行產(chǎn)品模型設計、利用實物測量進行快速反求建模、利用其它CAD系統(tǒng)的標準格式文件。針對這三種產(chǎn)品模型的來源方式,目前已研究出各種技術來提高產(chǎn)品模型的設計效率和質量。下面進一步分析各種技術的內(nèi)涵和特點。利用CAD系統(tǒng)軟件進行產(chǎn)品模型設計,其技術主要包括二維幾何圖形的繪制、二維參數(shù)化圖形的設計、三維實體造型設計、三維特征造型設計、三維參數(shù)化實體造型設計、三維曲面造型設計、空間自由造型設計、產(chǎn)品的外觀渲染、產(chǎn)品的動態(tài)廣告設計等等。這些軟件有許多典型的代表。二維軟件有:ME10、CADKEY、AUTOCAD、DHCAD、Genis、Sigraph等；三維軟件有:UGII、PRO/E、IDEAS、CATIA、EUCLID等;產(chǎn)品自由造型及廣告設計的軟件有:Alias、CDRS等。二維幾何圖形的繪制是利用平面CAD軟件繪制零件圖形,即用計算機代替手工繪圖;而二維參數(shù)化,即計算機實現(xiàn)了圖形的變量設計,使修改更加方便;三維造型設計是數(shù)字化的產(chǎn)品的真實形狀設計,它完全表達了產(chǎn)品,能夠進一步為模具設計、分析和加工提供必要的數(shù)學模型;空間自由造型設計是產(chǎn)品外形的藝術設計，使產(chǎn)品不僅是功能產(chǎn)品,也是藝術品;產(chǎn)品的外觀渲染是產(chǎn)品的效果設計,使產(chǎn)品更加美觀、顏色更加能迎合人們的各種需求;產(chǎn)品的動態(tài)廣告設計是將產(chǎn)品設計的結果直接制作宣傳廣告,進行市場推廣。利用實物測量進行快速反求建模是目前研究的熱點之一,它是產(chǎn)品仿型基礎上進行產(chǎn)品修改設計的重要技術。其基本原理是通過三座標測量機、激光測量機或電子抄數(shù)儀對實物進行掃描測量,把測量所獲得的數(shù)字化的大量數(shù)據(jù)點送入高級CAD軟件的反求模塊或專用的反求軟件中, 反求軟件可直接讀取點數(shù)據(jù)群, 并可對點數(shù)據(jù)群進行編輯、過濾、整理、求精、排序、局部修改與重組, 然后自動生成曲面, 最終獲得同實物精確一致的或經(jīng)改造的電腦塑件產(chǎn)品模型。這一方式可極大提高新產(chǎn)品設計速率。目前較成熟的曲面反求建模軟件有:Surfacer, Cimatronrenge, Strim100等。利用其它CAD系統(tǒng)的標準格式文件來建模,這一方式較方便。由于市場的全球化和INTERNET網(wǎng)絡技術的發(fā)展,模具企業(yè)的CAD技術交流和合作有許多通過CAD文件方式進行。由于CAD系統(tǒng)種類較多,因此文件的格式就必須遵循國際標準,如DXF、IGES、STEP、VDA、STL等。通過讀取標準格式文件來直接建立或修改后建立產(chǎn)品模型，既可加快、加深用戶與模具廠家的交流，也可縮短產(chǎn)品設計周期。3.模具的CAD設計與分析模具的CAD設計、分析,包括根據(jù)產(chǎn)品模型進行模具分型面的設計、確定型腔和型芯、模具結構的詳細設計、塑料充填過程分析等幾個方面。利用先進的特征造型軟件如PRO/E、UGII等很容易地確定分型面,生成上下模腔和模芯,再進行流道、澆口以及冷卻水管的布置等。確定了這些設計數(shù)據(jù)以后,再利用模具分析軟件,如MOLDFLOW、CFLOW進行塑料的成形過程分析。根據(jù)MOLDFOLW軟件和它的豐富的材料、工藝數(shù)據(jù)庫,通過輸入成形工藝參數(shù),可動態(tài)仿真分析塑料在注塑模腔內(nèi)的注射過程流動情況(含多澆口注射時的塑料匯流紋分析)、分析溫度壓力變化情況、分析注塑件殘余應力等,根據(jù)分析情況來檢查模具結構的合理性、流動狀態(tài)的合理性、產(chǎn)品的質量問題等。比如是否存在澆注系統(tǒng)不合理,出現(xiàn)流道和澆口位置尺寸不當,無法平衡充滿型腔;是否存在產(chǎn)品結構不合理或模具結構不合理,出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品充不滿(即短射現(xiàn)象);是否冷卻不均勻,影響生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品質量;是否存在注塑工藝不對,出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品的翹曲變形等。模具通過CAD設計和分析,就可以將錯誤消除在設計階段,提高一次試模成功率。在塑料模具設計和分析這一階段應用了許多新的電腦輔助技術,如參數(shù)化技術、特征造型技術、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術等。塑料模具中有許多標準件, 如標準模架、頂出機構、澆注系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)等都可以采用基于數(shù)據(jù)庫管理的參數(shù)化特征造型設計方法進行設計或建立標準件庫,這樣既可以實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享,又可以滿足用戶對設計的隨時修改,使模具的設計分析快速、準確、高效。參數(shù)化特征造型不僅可以完整地描述產(chǎn)品的幾何圖形信息,而且可以獲得產(chǎn)品的精度、材料及裝配等信息,其所建立的產(chǎn)品模型是一種易于處理、能反映設計意圖和加工特征的模型。因此,參數(shù)化特征造型技術是模具制造過程最重要的技術之一。4.模具的CAM技術的應用、加工仿真及制造模具的計算機輔助制造(CAM)技術主要應用在數(shù)控銑削加工、線切割加工、電火花加工等方面。CAM技術尤其是在復雜模具的型腔、型芯及電極的銑削加工中起著更加重要的作用。其主要的技術特點包括:(1)粗、精加工刀具軌跡的優(yōu)化規(guī)劃和NC指令的產(chǎn)生，(2)刀具種類、特性和材料庫的建立，(3 切削加工工藝參數(shù)的確定，(4)普通切削和高速切削加工的特性控制，(5)過切檢查與加工表面的精度控制，(6)加工過程的電腦實體仿真切削，(7)電腦控制數(shù)控機床的DNC技術及群控技術的應用等等。在CAM技術的應用中特別需要CAD三維產(chǎn)品模型數(shù)據(jù)。較多的專業(yè)電腦編程軟件如MASTERCAM、UNIMOD、CIMATRON等在多曲面的編程加工時對產(chǎn)品的曲面模型有較高的要求,如相鄰曲面的U、V方向的一致性、曲面與曲面的高精度擬合、曲面斜率連續(xù)變化等。在高級CAD/CAM一體化系統(tǒng)中(如UGII、PRO/E),由于利用了參數(shù)化特征造型設計和同一數(shù)據(jù)庫技術，使得產(chǎn)品模型數(shù)據(jù)、模具的型腔和型芯模型數(shù)據(jù)、刀具軌跡數(shù)據(jù)有著內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，產(chǎn)品模型的修改刀具軌跡亦自動修改。模具加工實體仿真技術越來越成熟, 也越來越受到人們的重視。加工實體仿真是在電腦上模仿機床的加工過程, 能直觀反映加工的結果，能直接評估加工后零件的質量，能檢查出加工的錯誤。在檢查加工后零件的質量時，可在電腦上對加工后的實體模型進行任意的剖切,直接測量其尺寸和精度。因此，它能把錯誤消除在加工工藝編程設計階段，減少加工后的修補和返工，大大提高模具的制造效率和質量。5.塑料產(chǎn)品及其模具的快速成形制造塑料產(chǎn)品及其模具用電腦CAD技術設計完成后，可通過快速成形技術來制造。這是一種全新概念的制造技術，它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)的機械加工方法。其成形原理是將三維CAD實體模型離散成設定厚度的一系列片層數(shù)據(jù)，利用激光成形機或其它成形設備讀取這些數(shù)據(jù)，用材料添加法技術，依次將每層堆積起來成形。這一技術稱為快速自動成形技術(Rapid Prototype)。它也是CAD集成技術的重要組成部分。第一臺快速成形設備于1987年在美國3D公司誕生，由于其特點是與制造的產(chǎn)品的復雜程度無關，給制造業(yè)帶來巨大的震動。此后十年，快速成形技術得到飛速發(fā)展，設備的種類也層出不窮，從材料固化方法可分為激光和非激光燒結法(SLS)、固體表層造型法(SGC)、層片制造法(LOM)、熔化沉積法(FDM)、選區(qū)粘結法(DSPC)、激光氣相沉積法(SALD)等。各種方法特點是:SLA法是最早應用的快速成形技術，初期市場占有較大的分額，但由于材料范圍窄，成本較高，成形件耐熱、耐負荷和著色能力低，近年逐漸被其它方法所代替。FDM法由于成形速度快，成本低，在塑料產(chǎn)品行業(yè)中得到較好的應用，由于零件的尺寸小，精度差，也受到一定的限制。LOM法由于采用紙或者是薄片塑料，成本低，且激光只照射每一層的輪廓邊緣，因而成形速度快，但產(chǎn)品表面質量差。SLS法是用激光進行燒結，采用的材料較廣，如塑料、蠟料、陶瓷、金屬等均可成形，成形件耐熱、耐負荷和著色能力較強，具有廣泛的應用前景。其它方法也在某些特種加工中得到應用。根據(jù)上述成形法特點，快速成形技術的作用主要在于:制造用于設計和試驗的產(chǎn)品模型、制造用于小批量生產(chǎn)的模具和小批量特殊零件的加工?？焖俪尚渭夹g制造的產(chǎn)品模型在材質方面比傳統(tǒng)加工方法制造的產(chǎn)品模型有所差別，但在外形及尺寸方面幾乎完全一樣，而且有一定的機械強度，可作功能性試驗，同時經(jīng)過表面處理，看起來與真實產(chǎn)品一樣，可作廣告宣傳品?？焖俪尚渭夹g制造的模具，目前主要是軟材料的成形模(蠟模、環(huán)氧樹脂模、硅橡膠模、低熔點合金鑄造模等)和陶瓷或金屬基合成材料硬型腔模。制造硬模時可用快速成形零件作母模先制作環(huán)氧樹脂?；蚱渌牧系能浤? 在軟模中澆注陶瓷或石膏模, 然后澆鑄鋼成鋼模，或者在軟模中澆注混合有化學粘結劑的鋼粉，進行燒結成鋼模?？焖俪尚渭夹g制造的鋼模需進一步做拋光等后加工，制成小批量生產(chǎn)的注塑模。由于模具是用鋼粉澆注或燒結而成，材質與普通模具鋼有一定的差距，因此，壽命較短，只能做試制產(chǎn)品或小批量生產(chǎn)。另外，快速成形技術也可以制作特殊的零件，如用冶金粉末法制作金屬電極、精密鑄造法制作銅電極、研模法制作石墨電極等?？焖俪尚渭夹g制作模具和產(chǎn)品的成型設備，均是讀取CAD系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的STL或CLI等文件格式數(shù)據(jù)，不同的文件格式數(shù)據(jù)對制作的產(chǎn)品精度有較大的差距，因此，研究CAD系統(tǒng)對快速成形設備的文件格式輸出有相當重要的意義。6.模具CAD集成技術的發(fā)展趨勢綜上所述, 模具CAD集成技術就是應用于模具制造各個環(huán)節(jié)的計算機輔助技術和實現(xiàn)各環(huán)節(jié)信息集成的技術。顯然,信息集成與數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一管理是關鍵。產(chǎn)品的信息是貫穿于設計、分析、加工、檢測、裝配等各個階段,實現(xiàn)各環(huán)節(jié)信息的流暢、解決數(shù)據(jù)格式的標準化及數(shù)據(jù)維護與共享是未來CAD集成技術發(fā)展的重點。PDM系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)為解決這一問題帶來了曙光。PDM系統(tǒng)的實施是模具企業(yè)應用CAD集成技術的重要課題。在模具的設計制造方面,含有豐富專家知識的智能化模具CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)的研究、高速切削加工及其編程等是未來研究發(fā)展的趨勢。From:Lu yiqiang,Li Dequn,Simulation of cooling process of injection molding, Progress in Natural Science,Vol.6 No.2,1996.4.畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯原文The molding tool CAD Gathers the techniqueAbstract：Pass to analyze the calculator the assistance inject the mold design with make in the each link commonly shared of technique with information, this text announces to public to inject the mold CAD gathers technical and basic content, and the research heat that put forward it orders with trend.1. the plastics molding tool CAD gathers techniqueThe manufacturing of the plastics molding tool comtains the construction design of the shape design, molding tool and the number of the analysis, molding tools that include the plastics products control to process(electricity process, the line incises etc.), throw the light with go together with to try the mold and take shape manufacturing etc. quickly.The each link a CAD for involving unit technique has:The shape design( CAD) with the construction, fast anti of the product shape beg( RE), construction analysis with excellent turn the design( CAE), lend support to the manufacturing( CAM) and process the process conjecture imitate true( SIMULATION), product and molding tools take shape( RP) quickly, assistance craft process( CAPP) with product data management technique( PDM) etc.The plastics molding tool CAD gathers technique.Is to gather plastics molding tool manufacturing process a various units for involving technique get up, unify the database to deliver the format with the document, realize the information gather share with the data resources, from but shorten the design manufacturing period of the molding tool consumedly.Increases to make the mold quantity.2. the CAD design of the plastics product begs with fast anti of the shapeThe plastics molding tool that proceed the square one designs the manufacturing is the design of the a product.The traditional product design method is a design to product of three conceive outline to use two plane chart papers expresses to come out, marking clearly the craft and starting construction the method on the diagram paper.This kind of method comes to a decision the simple of a design sketch and cants control to make the quantity directly.The modern design method is a design establish the product directly on the computer of three the model of ,According to the product three models proceed the molding tool construction the design and excellent turn the design.Design according to the molding tool construction again three models proceed to process to weave the distance and establishment crafts plan.This kind of method makes product model design, molding tool construction design, process to weave distance and technological designs regard a data as the foundation, realizing the data share.Can not only increases to design the efficiency quickly, but also can guarantee the quantity, decline low cost.The source of the computer a product model has three kinds of:Making use of the CAD system software proceeds the product model the design and make use of the real object measures fast anti in proceeding beg to set up the mold and make use of the standard format document of the other the system of CAD.Source method that aim at these three kinds of products model.Have studied every kind of technique now to the design efficiency that increases product model with quantity.The underneath further analyzes every kind of technical content with the characteristics.Making use of the CAD system software proceeds the product model design.Its technique includes primarily two are several why the sketch draws, two the parameter of turn the design of the sketch, three entity shape design, three characteristic shape design, three the parameter of turn the entity shape the design, three curved face shape design, free shape in space design, the external appearance of the product exaggerates, product of dynamic advertise to design the etc.These softwareses contain many typical representatives.Two the software of design have:ME10, CADKEY, AUTOCAD, DHCAD, Genis, etc. of Sigraph; three the software of design have:UGII, PRO/ E, IDEAS, CATIA, etc. of EUCLID; free shape in product and advertise the software of the design have:Alias, etc. of CDRS.Two design are several why the sketch draws is to make use of the flat surface CAD software draw the spare parts sketch, then replace the handicraft painting with the calculator; but two the parameter of design turn.Then the calculator realizes the sketch changes the deal designs, making modification more convenient; three design shape designs is a true shape that the product that the arithmetic figure turn design, it expressed completely product.Can be further to designs for the molding tool, analysis with processes the mathematics model of the necessity of offering; the free shape in space design is the art of the product shape to design, making product been not only is a function product, but also art article.It is every kind of need that the external appearance of the product exaggerate that product of the result designs, making product more beautiful, the color can attract people more; the dynamic advertisement design of the product is a result that design to make to promote the advertisement directly the product,Proceed the market expansion.Making use of the real object measures fast anti of proceeding beg to set up mold is current investigative a little bit hot of a,It is an important technique that product imitate the type foundation go forward a line of the product modification designs.Its basic principle is to passes three coordinateses measure the machine, laser measure machine or electronicses copy the few to proceed to scan the diagraph to the real object,The data of large quantity that arithmetic figure turn that gets to measures the acquisition orders anti that send into the high class CAD software beg mold piece or appropriative anti beg the software inside, anti beg the software can read directly a data cluster,Combining can proceed the editor, filter, tidy up, beg the to a data cluster, row preface, part modification and reorganization, then automatic born curved face,It is end to acquire together the real object precision is consistent of or computer a product model that pass through reforms.This way can increases biggest new product design velocity.Current mature curved face anti beg to set up the mold software has: Surfacer.Cimatronrenge, etc. of Strim100.Make use of the standard format document of the other the system of CAD to set up the mold, this way than convenience.Because the world of the market turns with the technical development in the network of INTERNET.The CAD technique exchanges of the molding tool business enterprise with cooperate to have many pass the CAD document method proceed.Because the CAD system category is more, therefore documentary format must follow the international standard.Such as the DXF, IGES, STEP, VDA, etc. of STL.Pass to read standard format document to stablish directly or establish the product model after modifying, since can quickly, deepen the customer and the exchanges of the molding tool factory house.Also can shorten the product the design the period.3. the CAD design of the molding tool and analysisThe CAD design of the molding tool, analysis.Include to divide the type, certain type according to the product model molding tool of proceeding the design with the type, molding tool structural and detailed design, the plastics fills process analysis etc. a few aspects.Make use of the advanced characteristic shape software,such as PRO/ E, etc. of UGII, the very easily certain dividing the type,Born top and bottom mold with mold , then the proceeding flows a way, sprinkle a people and cool off the pipe line of arrange etc.Made sure these designses data hereafter, then make us e of the molding tool analysis software,Proceed such as the MOLDFLOW, CFLOW the plastics take shape the process analysis.According to the software of MOLDFOLW with it of the material, craft database of plentifulness, pass the importation take shape the craft parameter.Can the development imitate the true analysis plastics to inject in note mold the process flows the circumstance( the plastics with sprinkle a people more inject remits to flow the analysis of ), analyze the temperature pressure variety circumstance and analyze to note a remaining should dint etc.,According to analyze the circumstance to the rationality that check the molding tool construction, flow quantity problem etc. of the rationality, product of the appearance.For example whether the esse sprinkles to note the system not reasonable, appear to flow way with sprinkle a position size not appropriate.Cant equilibrium alive with type; whether to exsit product construction absurdity or molding tool constructions or not is not reasonable, appearing the product design dissatisfied( namely short shoot the phenomenon); whether to cool off asymmetry or not, the influence produces the efficiency with product quantity;Whether the esse notes the craft of wrong, appear the song of design of the product transform etc.The molding tool passes the CAD the design with analyze, can dissolve mistake at design the stage, increase to try once the mold the success the rate.At plastics molding tool design with analyze to apply many new computer-aideds technique this stage, if the parameter turns technique, characteristic shape technique, database technique etc.There is many standards piece in the plastics molding tool.Turn such as the standard mold a parameter for outing organization, sprinkling noting system, cooling system.etc. can adopting basing on database managing the characteristic shape design method proceed the design or establish the standard a design , like this since can realize the data share,Can satisfy the customer again to the at any time modifying of the design, make the design analysis of the molding tool fast, accurate, efficiently.The parameter turns the characteristic shape can not only describe the product completely then several why sketch information,And can acquire accuracy, material and assemble etc. informations of the product, its a product for establishing model is a kind of apting to handle and can reflect design intention with process the model of the characteristic.Therefore,The parameter turns the characteristic shape technique is an one of the most important technique in process in manufacturing in molding tools.4. the technical application in CAM of the molding tool, process to imitate true and manufacturingThe calculator assistance manufacturing( CAM) technique of the molding tool applies primarily in the aspects of counting to control processing, line incising to process, electricity spark processing to wait.The technique of CAM rises in the type design , type design of the complicated molding tool and the design of the electrodes process particularly more important function.Its main technique characteristics includes:(1) the design processes the knife have the track excellent to turn the programming with the instruction of NC creation,(2) the knife has the category, characteristic to establish with the material design ,(3) slicing the design process the craft parameter to really settle,(4)The commonness slices the design to slice with the high speed the characteristic that design process controls,(5) over slice the check with process the superficial accuracy control,(6) processing the computer entity of the process imitate the realistic design ,(7) The computer control number controls the technique of DNC and clusters of the machine bed control the technical and applied etc.Need the CAD specially in technical application in CAM three design product model data.More profession computer plait distance software,such as MASTERCAM, UNIMOD, etc. of CIMATRON, when the plait distance of many curved faces processes have the higher request to the curved face model of the product,Intend with the high accuracy of the curved face to match such as the directional consistency, curved face in U, V of the close together curved face, inclined rate in curved face continuous variety etc.In high class CAD/ the integral whole of CAM turn system,( such as UGII, PRO/ E).Because making use of the parameter turns the characteristic shape design with same database technique, making the type design of the product model data, molding tool have the track data to have got the inside contact with the type design model data, knife,The modification knife of the product model has the track to also modify automatically.The molding tool processes the entity imitates the true technique more and more mature, also is more and more valued by people.It is mimicry machine bed that processing the entity imitate process the process on the computer, can keep the result that view reflect process.Can takes the gauge of directly quantity that after processing spare parts, can check the mistake that process.At check quantity that after processing spare parts, can at the computer is last to process behind of the entity model proceeds the aleatoric design slices,Measure its size directly with the accuracy.Therefore, it can dissolve mistake at process the stage of craft plait distance design, reduce to repair after processing with return the work, increases consumedly the manufacturing efficiency of the molding tool with quantity.5. plastics product and its molding tools take shape the manufacturing quicklyPlastics product and its molding tools use the computer CAD technique design after completing, can pass the fleetness take shape the technique make.This is the manufacturing technique of a kind of all new concept.It abandoned the traditional machine processes the method.Its take shape principle is three design CAD entity models are long-lost set up a series of a layer data of the thickness, make use of the laser take shape machine or others take shape the equipments read these datas,Increase the method technique with the material, pile up the each layer to take shape one by one in order.This technique calls the fleetness to take shape the technique automatically.( Rapid Prototype)It is also a CAD to gather the technical importance constitutes the part.The first pedestal takes shape the equipments quickly to bear in the United States a company in 1987, because of its characteristics is to has nothing to do with the complicated degree of the product of the manufacturing, bringing the manufacturing industry the enormous vibration.Henceforth decade.Take shape quickly the technique be flown to develop soon, the category of the equipments also piles up one after another,Turn from the material the method can is divided into the laser with not the laser burns the knot method( SLS), solid surface layer shape method( SGC), layer a manufacturing method( LOM) and melt to sink to accumulate the method( FDM), district constituency glues the knot method( DSPC), laser spirit to sink to accumulate method( SALD) etc. mutually.Every kind of method characteristics is:The method of SLA is applied at the earliest stage of took shape the technique quickly, the early market occupied the bigger cent sum, but is narrow because of the mate