牛津八年級(jí)Unit 1 Friends 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

譯林牛津8 A Unit 1 Friends 【教材內(nèi)容解析】1. Comic strip(1) Can I have something to drink? (P. 6)something to drink意為“喝的東西”，動(dòng)詞不定式to drink作后置定語(yǔ)，類似的表達(dá)還有something to eat意為“吃的東西”。例如：We are thirsty. Lets have something to drink.Can you get something to eat?(2) Can I have some more food? (P. 6)some more food意為“再來(lái)一些食物”，此處more表示“另外的、額外的”，通常與基數(shù)詞或者some, any, many, much連用，構(gòu)成“數(shù)量詞+more+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“再來(lái)、還需”。例如：I need two more apples.Give me some more water please.【拓展】“數(shù)詞+more+名詞”相當(dāng)于“another+數(shù)詞+名詞”。Would you like three more books?=Would you like another three books.(3) Maybe we can share it. (P. 6) maybe此處作副詞，意為“可能、也許”。例如：Maybe you are right.Maybe he can work out the problem. share用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“分享”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為share sb. with sth. “和某人分享某物”。例如：I share a bedroom with my younger brother.I have a big cake. Lets share it.2. Welcome to the unit(1) honest (P. 6)honest作形容詞，表示“誠(chéng)實(shí)的、正直的”，在句中，作定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。例如：Tom is an honest boy.He is honest.【拓展】1. honest的反義詞是dishonest，意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”。He is dishonest.2. to be honest意為“老實(shí)說(shuō)、坦白說(shuō)”，相當(dāng)于to tell the truth，在句中做插入語(yǔ)。To be honest, I dont like the music at all.3. be honest with sb. “對(duì)某人誠(chéng)實(shí)”You should be honest with your parents.(2) make me happy (P. 7)此句結(jié)構(gòu)為“make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”，這里的形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The bad weather make him sad.The factory makes the water clean.【拓展】make的其它結(jié)構(gòu)1. make sb./sth.+名詞 “使某人/某物成為”The teacher tried his best to make himself a good friend of his pupils.We made him the head of our group.2. make sb./sth. do sth. “使某人做某事”The boy often makes his dog jump up and down.The doctor made the patient lie down and looked over him carefully.(3) share my joy. (P. 7)joy此處作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“歡樂(lè)、高興、樂(lè)趣”，相當(dāng)于happiness，to ones joy表示“使某人開(kāi)心的事情是”。例如：She shows us her joy.To his joy, he met his good friend again.(4) Does he/she care about you when you are sad? (P. 7)care about意為“關(guān)心、在意”，care for表示“喜歡、照顧”，相當(dāng)于look after或者take care of。例如：I know my parents care about me.She cares for her sick father.(5) good-looking (P. 7)good-looking作形容詞，表示“好看的、漂亮的”。She is a good-looking girl.(6) polite (P. 7)polite表示“禮貌的”，反義詞是impolite表示“沒(méi)有禮貌的”，be polite to表示“對(duì)有禮貌”。例如：Tom is a polite students.He is very polite to the old.(7) What makes goof friends, Amy? (P. 7)make這里表示“適合、成為”，后接名詞性短語(yǔ)。例如：You will make a good teacher.We make good friends.(8) You can trust them because they never tell lies. (P. 7)lie此處作可數(shù)名詞，表示“謊言”，tell lies表示“說(shuō)謊”，相當(dāng)于tell a lie。例如：He likes telling lies.(9) They can also tell you funny jokes. (P. 7)joke這里作可數(shù)名詞，意為“玩笑”，tell a joke表示“開(kāi)玩笑”。Tom often tells his friends funny jokes.【拓展】joke的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)play a joke on sb. 取笑某人make a joke 講笑話3. Reading(1) Betty is one of my best friends. (P. 7)“one of the/oness+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示“最的之一”。例如：Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.One of my best friends is Lily.(2) She is willing to share things with her friends. (P. 8)be willing to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事”。例如：She is willing to help me in any way he can.We are willing to work hard.(3) She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need. (P. 8)help sb. with sth. 意為“幫助某人某事”，相當(dāng)于help sb. (to) do sth.。例如：May I help you with the work?Bob helps me learn English.(4) Betty has a good voice. (P. 8)sound泛指自然界中聽(tīng)到的一切聲音；voice指人說(shuō)話或唱歌發(fā)出的聲音，有時(shí)也指鳥鳴的聲音；noise指“雜音、吵鬧聲”。例如：Every night she heard the strange sounds upstairs.The little boy has a beautiful voice.The car makes a lot of noise.(5) He is the tallest boy in our class-almost 1.75 metres. (P. 8)almost作副詞，表示“幾乎、差不多”，作狀語(yǔ)，放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，有時(shí)候也可以放在句首。例如：Supper is almost ready.Almost no one believed him.(6) Max has a good sense of humor. (P. 8)a sense of humor意為“幽默感”，humor是名詞，形容詞是humorous“幽默的”。例如：He is a man with a sense of humor.My father is very humorous.(7) They do not fit well under his desk. (P. 8)fit此處做不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“可容納、裝進(jìn)”，常指大小、樣式或者數(shù)量合適。The shoes fit well in the box.【拓展】1. fit作動(dòng)詞，表示大小、尺寸合適。I think the dress fits you well.2. fit作形容詞，表示“合適的、健康的”，be fit for“適合、合適”；keep fit“保持健康”。The suit is fit for the party.(8) .he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor. (P. 8)knock這里用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“碰、撞”。例如：He knocked the bowl off the table.Be careful! Dont knock the piano.【拓展】knock的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)knock down 撞倒knock into 撞到某人knock at/on 敲門/窗(9) She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone. (P. 8)say a bad word about sb. 意為“說(shuō)某人壞話”。You should never say a bad word about others.(10) Who would you choose as your best friend, Suzy? (P. 10)choose作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“選擇”，choose.as.表示“選擇作”，choose to do sth. 表示“選擇做某事”。例如：You can choose a book as a birthday gift.They chose to go there by bus.4. Grammar(1) Height (P. 12)height是名詞，表示“高度”，in height“在高度上”，height的形容詞是high。例如：The height of the house is about 5 metres.Whats your height?(2) weight (P. 12)weight作名詞，表示“重量”，動(dòng)詞是weigh，意為“稱的重量、重量為”。例如：Whats the weight of the elephant?The ship weighs 10 tons.【拓展】weight的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)put on weight 發(fā)胖、增肥lose weight 減肥take ones weight 稱體重5. Integrated skills(1) Today Amy and I talked about our future plans. (P. 12)plan此處作名詞，表示“計(jì)劃”，make a plan/plans for“為制定計(jì)劃”，plan還可以用作動(dòng)詞，plan to do sth. 表示“計(jì)劃做某事”。Lets make a plan first.I plan to visit the Great Wall.(2) Whats he like? (P. 14)Whats he like? 意為“某人是個(gè)什么樣的人”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某人的性格和品質(zhì)，相當(dāng)于How is he?；What does he look like? 表示“某人長(zhǎng)什么樣”。例如：-Whats he like?-She is friendly and polite.-What does he look like?-He is tall and fat.(3) Shes a small girl with a ponytail. (P. 14)with作介詞，表示“帶有、具有”。例如：Alice is a girl with blue eyes.Tony is a boy with short hair.6. Task(1) fat (P. 16)fat用作形容詞，表示“肥胖的”，也可以作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“脂肪”。例如：Tom is a fat boy.There is too much fat in the food.(2) patient (P. 16)patient作形容詞，表示“耐心的”，反義詞是impatient，be patient about/of sth.“忍耐某事”，be patient with sb. “忍耐某人”。例如：He has to be patient of that.Parents should be patient with kids.【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和句型歸納】一、 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. have something to drink 有喝的東西2. what about 怎么樣3. in the fridge 在冰箱里4. tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關(guān)于某事5. keep a secret 保守秘密6. make sb. happy 使某人開(kāi)心7. share my joy 分享我的快樂(lè)8. make good friends 交好朋友9. tell lies 說(shuō)謊10. tell sb. funny jokes 給某人講有趣的笑話11. care about 關(guān)心12. be willing to do 樂(lè)意（做）13. be ready to do準(zhǔn)備做14. talk to sb.與某人交談15. talk about sth討論某事16. write to sb. 給某人寫信17. share sth. with sb,與某人分享某物18. listen to sb. carefully 認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)某人說(shuō)19. help sb. with sth在某方面幫助某人20. travel around the world 周游世界21. give ones seat to sb.讓座給某人22. have a good voice有好的嗓音23. would like/want to be a singer想成為一名歌手24. grow up長(zhǎng)大25. have a good sense of humor 有很好的幽默感26. feel bored 感到無(wú)聊27. walk past走過(guò)28. say a bad word about sb.說(shuō)某人的壞話29. learn more about學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于30. next to緊鄰43. both and ,既又二、 重點(diǎn)句型1. What about+n./adj. 怎么樣2. make sb.+adj. 使某人怎么樣3. one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 最之一4. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事5. would like to do sth. 想要做某事6. Whats sb. like? 某人是什么樣的人7. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事【語(yǔ)法講解】形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 形容詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則。I. 規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音節(jié)詞在前面+more/mostimportantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulII. 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 形容詞比較級(jí)用法。I. 比較級(jí)用于兩者進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為“A is 比較級(jí) than B”。e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行車比她的漂亮。 2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。II. 表示兩者之間選擇，用“which/who is 比較級(jí)，A or B？”表示“兩者之間較之一”時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪個(gè)離太陽(yáng)更近，月球還是地球？ 2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是兩人中較瘦的那個(gè)。III.“越來(lái)越”用“比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more 原級(jí)”。e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天氣變得越來(lái)越冷了。 2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她變得越來(lái)越美了。IV. 表示“越越”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越細(xì)心，得分越多。 形容詞最高級(jí)用法。I. 表示三者及以上人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用最高級(jí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“the + 最高級(jí)+in/of + 范圍”。e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 這幅畫是所有畫中最好的。 2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。II. 表示在三者及以上之間選擇，用“which/who is the+最高級(jí)，A, B or C？”。e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 湯姆、凱特、比爾，誰(shuí)最高？III. 表示“最之一”用“one of the最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。IV. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾”。e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。V. 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)之間的互換。例如：He is taller than any other boy in our class.= He is taller than the other boys in our class.= He is the tallest boy in our class.注意比較以下兩個(gè)句子：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范圍之內(nèi)）= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范圍之外）【單元測(cè)試卷】一、 短語(yǔ)翻譯（每題1分，共10分）1.怎么樣 2.告訴某人關(guān)于某事 3.保守秘密 4.關(guān)心 5.樂(lè)意做某事 6.準(zhǔn)備做某事 7.寫信給某人 8.我最好的朋友之一 9.有很好的幽默感 10.說(shuō)某人的壞話 二、 單項(xiàng)選擇（每題1分，共15分）( ) 1. ( 2014 貴州畢節(jié)) - would you like something_?- Yes, Id like some_.A. drink; orangeB. to drink; orange C. to eat; orangeD. eat; orange( ) 2. ( 2014 浙江杭州) - What about having a drink? - _.A. Help yourselfB. Never mindC. Youre rightD. Good idea( ) 3. ( 2014 天津) -Is there_ beef in the fridge? - No, there isnt. There is _ pork.A. some; anyB. any; anyC. some; someD. any; some( ) 4.(2015 山東泰安) Students are encouraged to _ their learning experience _their classmates. A. choose; toB. make; in C. explain; withD. share; to( ) 5.(2014 山東煙臺(tái)) - How long may I _ your dictionary? - For one week. But it mustnt _ to others. A. keep; be lentB. borrow; lend C. lend; be borrowedD. have; borrow( ) 6.(2014 安徽) Rose finished her study in the university and went to _ a good job. A. take after B. look after C. care for D. search for( ) 7.( 2014 四川瀘州) Linda is one of _ students in our class. A. good B. better C. best D. the best( ) 8.(2014 湖北荊州) - Can you catch what I said? - Sorry, I can _ understand it. A. almost B. probably C. nearly D. hardly( ) 9.( 2014 湖北荊州) - Do you like swimming in winter? - Of course. The water _ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy. A. fells B. tastes C. smells D. looks( ) 10.( 2014 浙江杭州) They usually go shopping _ their lunch break. A. againstB. among C. between D. during( ) 11.( 2014 江西南昌) You have to be _ and wait until I finish my work. A. patientB. strict C. honest D. active( ) 12.( 2015 山東青島) Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quite. A. a youngerB. a youngest C. the youngerD. the youngest( ) 13.( 2014 北京) The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest( ) 14.( 2015河南) - Did you enjoy yourself at the party? -Yes, Ive never been to _ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting( ) 15.( 2015 江蘇南京) - Do you enjoy Han Leis songs? -Yes. He is the winner of I Am a Singer II. I cant think of anyone with a _ voice. A. better B. best C. more D. most三、 完形填空（每題1分，共10分） Sitienei, a 90-year-old Kenyan grandmother, has become the worlds oldest primary school student. She is studying at the local primary school to learn to read and write. She is from a small 1 in Kenyan. She has spent most of her life 2 as a midwife（接生婆）, helping women to give birth to babies. She wants to pass on her midwife skills to the young. She said she didnt have a chance to go to school when she was 3 . So she wants all the children in her village to 4 .The head teacher at the school said, “Im proud 5 her. She is loved by every pupil. They all want to learn and play with 6 .” He also said, “She is doing well considering her 7 . I can say I have seen a big difference in this school 8 she came.”Sitienei often said, “I want to tell children, 9 girls in poor areas, that 10 will be your wealth.” She added, “With education, you can be whatever you want to be - a doctor, a teacher, a scientist, and so on.”( ) 1.A. schoolB. villageC. townD. city( ) 2. A. readingB. writingC. playingD. working( ) 3. A. youngB. oldC. famousD. free( ) 4. A. studyB. workC. leaveD. listen( ) 5. A. forB. withC. ofD. in( ) 6. A. herB. meC. himD. you( ) 7. A. chanceB. ageC. skillsD. ways( ) 8. A. afterB. whenC. sinceD. before( ) 9.A. naturallyB. especiallyC. luckilyD. certainly( ) 10.A. friendshipB. futureC. competitionD. education四、 閱讀理解（每題2分，共30分）A(2015江蘇淮安)One Sunday evening, it was quite dark when old Stanley went for his walk. He was walking along the sidewalk, Suddenly, he saw a white car coming around the corner at high speed. It was going too fast and crashed into a red car in the street where he was walking. He rushed up to the cars to see if anyone was hurt and needed help. The two drivers were arguing.“You came around the corner too fast,” one man said.“No!” said the driver of the white car, “Thats not true! Your car was parked in a wrong place.”Stanley listened to their argument and then said the white car driver was wrong to drive too fast. The driver of red car asked Stanley to prove he was right in court(法庭). Stanley gave the driver his name and telephone number. Next Thursday morning, Stanley was asked to go to the court. The lawyer(律師) for the driver of the white car asked him a lot of questions about what he had seen. Then he asked Stanley how old he was.“Im eighty-two,” answered Stanley.“Do you usually wear glasses ?” asked the lawyer.“Yes, I do,” answered Stanley. “Were you wearing them on the night of the accident?” the lawyer asked. “No,” replied Stanley.Then the lawyer said, “Why should the court believe you? You are eighty-two years old, you were not wearing your glasses, and it was dark. How far can you see in the dark?”Stanley thought about it for a minute. “Well,” he said, “when its dark, I can see the moon. How far is that?”( ) 1. The car accident happened _.A .one Sunday morning B. next Thursday morning C. one Sunday evening D. next Thursday evening( ) 2. The cause of the accident is that _. A .the red car was going too slowly B. the white car was going too fast C. the drivers were sleepy D. Stanley was in their way ( ) 3. Stanley was asked to go to the court because _.A .he wanted to make money B. he promised to be a witness C. he was a lawyer D. he was badly hurt in the accident ( ) 4. Maybe the red car driver contacted Stanley by _.A. Writing a letter to him B. sending an email to him C. paying a visit to him D. making a phone call to him ( ) 5. We can learn from the story that _.A .Stanley was a clever and humorous man B. Stanley wore glasses when the accident happenedC. the lawyer thought that Stanley could see clearly D. Stanley was not able to see the moonBOne day a lonely girl found two weak birds while she was walking in the woods(樹(shù)林).She took them home and put them in a small cage. She fed them with love and the birds grew strong. Every morning they greeted her with a beautiful song. The girl loved them very much and wanted their singing to last forever.One day the girl left the cages door open. The larger and stronger of the two birds flew out of the cage. The girl watched worriedly as it circled(盤旋) high above her. She was afraid that it would fly away and she would never see it again. So when it flew close, she grasped(抓) at it wildly. She was very happy that she held it tightly within her hand! Suddenly, she felt something had happened to the bird. She opened her hand and was surprised to find the bird was dead. Her love for the bird killed it.She noticed the other bird jumping in the cage. She could feel that it wanted to be free. It hoped to fly into the clear, blue sky. She lifted(舉起) it from the cage and flew it into the air. The bird circled once, twice, three timesWhen the bird was flying happily in the sky, she was so glad. Just then the bird flew closer and sat softly on her shoulder. It sang the sweetest song she had ever heard.The fastest way to lose love is to hold it tight; the best way to keep love is to let it fly!( ) 6. The girl loved the two birds very much because _. A. they greeted her every morning B. they were hungry but very strong C. they liked staying in the cage quietly D. they didnt eat much food( ) 7. One day the girl forgot to close the door to the cage and _ of the two birds flew out of the cage. A. the sickB. the female C. the larger and strongerD. the white and blue( ) 8. The girl held the bird rightly in her hand because she was afraid that _. A. it would be killedB. it was feeling cold C. the other bird felt lonelyD. it would fly away( ) 9. The girl felt that the other bird _ when it was jumping in the cage. A. wanted to see what happenedB. wanted to be free C. wanted to sing a beautiful song againD. wanted to eat something( ) 10. What does the story want to tell us? A. We should protect the endangered birds.B. The cage is used to keep birds. C. The birds are easily killed.D. To keep love is to let it fly.CNeed to know in EnglandTravelling SeasonHigh Season(Jun-Aug)Weather at its best.Prices at their highest(especially for August school holidays).Roads busy, especially in seaside areas, national parks and popular cities.Shoulder(Easter to end May, mid-Sep to end Oct)Crowds reduce.Prices drop.Weather often good; sun mixes with sudden rain March on May.Low Season(Dec-Feb)Wet and cold is the norm. Snow falls in mountain areas.Opening hours reduced October to Easter; some place shut for the winterEngland on ShoestringIf youre a shoestring traveller, theres no getting around it England isnt cheap. Public transport, restaurants and hotel rooms all tend(趨向) to be expensive compared to many other European countries. But you can save money by staying in B&Bs instead of hotels, or hostels instead of B&Bs. You can also save considerably, by prebooking long-distance travel by coach or trainand by avoiding(避開(kāi)) the times when everyone else is on the move(such as Friday afternoon). Many attractions are free or offer discounts on quiet days(eg Mondays).Arriving in EnglandHeathrow AirportTrain to Padding Station every 15 minutesGatwick AirportTrain to Victoria Station every 15 minutesEurostar trains from Paris or BrusselsArrive at St Pancras International Station in central LondonBuses from EuropeArrive at London Victoria Coach StationWebsitesEnjoy England(e