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中考英語(yǔ) 題型解讀 第3節(jié) 完形填空課件.ppt

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中考英語(yǔ) 題型解讀 第3節(jié) 完形填空課件.ppt

中考題型解讀,第三節(jié) 完形填空,廣州中考高分突破,題型突破 完形填空是近年來(lái)廣州市英語(yǔ)中考一直采用的一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的測(cè)試題型,主要考查考生的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。完形填空涉及的知識(shí)面廣,靈活性較高,它不僅能測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)水平和對(duì)所學(xué)的知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,而且能反映出考生的閱讀理解能力,分析判斷能力和邏輯推理能力。完形填空通常選用一篇200250個(gè)單詞的 短文,給出10個(gè)空格,每空1分。 完形填空與語(yǔ)法選擇不同。語(yǔ)法選擇側(cè)重考查某個(gè)詞在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里的不同形式,而完形填空主要考查在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里用不同的詞,側(cè)重于詞與詞之間的意思的區(qū)別。完形填空要求考生既要運(yùn)用自己所學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、固定搭配、語(yǔ)法、句法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)理解每個(gè)句子,又要處理好句子與句子之間以及句子與全文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。主要測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中對(duì)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語(yǔ)辨析、習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配等方面的能力,以及對(duì)所學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理判斷能力等,因而該題型能較全面 地反映考生對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握程度。,完形填空的主要考點(diǎn)包括: (1)名詞、代詞、介詞、連詞; (2)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、關(guān)系從句的連詞; (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; (4)詞語(yǔ)辨析及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài); (5)習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配。 從近幾年的廣州市中考試題看來(lái),完形填空越來(lái)越強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)上下文以及通篇文章的理解。,解題技巧 要做好完形填空,必須掌握一定的解題方法和技巧,才能盡量做到在有能力得分的題上不丟分。完形填空解題步驟是:通覽試填復(fù)核。 1.通覽速讀全文,把握大意。 快速閱讀一下全文,通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意,概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格等。 2.試填緊扣文意,瞻前顧后。 先易后難,逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容,聯(lián)系上下文和語(yǔ)境,展開(kāi)邏輯推理,注意從上下文中尋找線索,注意從詞數(shù)的意義、搭配、慣用法、語(yǔ)法、常識(shí),等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。 3.復(fù)核全面檢查,確保語(yǔ)意連貫,用詞準(zhǔn)確。 試填后,要把全文再通讀一遍,注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。 解題技巧有: 1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。 2.注意固定搭配,包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。,3.注意同義詞的辨義。 4.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)。 有時(shí),選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞為表示上下文邏輯關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ),它涉及到文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫。這類(lèi)題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解,如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系,以及對(duì)比關(guān)系等。 5.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)。,真題分析 一、(2015廣州)完形填空(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分) 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從3645各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Kierman was born in Sydney,Australia,and grew up near the sea.For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing competitions. In 1987,Kierman was competing in an around the world race when he began to_the huge amount of rubbish in the worlds oceans.When he returned to Australia,he _to do something,about it. He organized a community_ called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour”. On Sunday, January8th,1989,more than 40,000 volunteers came out to _away rubbish.The next year,Kierman made the clean up a national event.It was a huge_.Across Australia,about 300,000 people spent the day improving their local _. Since then,“Clean Up Australia” has got _every year.In 2002,for example, 800,000 people cleaned up almost 15000 tons,of rubbish from Australias beaches,parks and streets. Kierman was _with the success of his project.In 2003,he started an even bigger program.With the _of the United Nations Environment Program,he introduced “Clean Up the World”,an international program that supports communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment. “Clean Up the World” has grown _and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world.,( )36.A.save B.collect C.notice D.produce ( )37.A.refused B.decided C.pretended D.stopped ( )38.A.law B.party C.company D.event ( )39.A.clear B.send C.turn D.give ( )40.A.problem B.success C.surprise D.failure ( )41.A.culture B.project C.government D.environment,C,B,D,A,B,D,( )42.A.older B.smaller C.bigger D.faster ( )43.A.happy B.angry C.disappointed D.concerned ( )44.A.need B.help C.hope D.action ( )45.A.loudly B.gently C.rapidly D.busily,C,A,B,C,【答案與解析】澳大利亞人Kierman在一次國(guó)際帆船比賽中發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋上有大量垃圾,于是他發(fā)起倡議,與志愿者們義務(wù)清理垃圾,保護(hù)環(huán)境。這項(xiàng)事業(yè)從國(guó)內(nèi)做到國(guó)際,越做越大。 36.C 解析:考查的是動(dòng)詞辨析和上下文理解。save表示“節(jié)約、拯救”, notice表示“注意”,collect 表示“收集”,produce表示“生產(chǎn)”。根據(jù)下文,可知道“當(dāng)他從澳大利亞回來(lái)的時(shí)候,他決定做一些事情解決海洋垃圾問(wèn)題”,所以在他參加比賽時(shí)應(yīng)是“注意”到海上有很多垃圾,因此選C。,37.B 解析:考查的是詞組辨析。refuse to表示“拒絕做”,decide to表示“決定做”, pretend to表示“假裝做”,stop to表示“停下來(lái)去做另一件事”。從下文“他發(fā)起一個(gè)清理垃圾的社區(qū)活動(dòng)”可知選decide to。 38.D 解析:考查的是名詞辨析和上下文理解。根據(jù)下文第三段“Kierman made the cleanup a national event”,Kierman把這個(gè)清潔活動(dòng)變成一個(gè)全國(guó)性的活動(dòng)”,可知他剛開(kāi)始組織的是一個(gè)“社區(qū)活動(dòng)”,因此選event表示“活動(dòng)”。,39.A 解析:考查動(dòng)詞詞組。clear away表示“清理”,send away表示“發(fā)送、遣散”, turn away表示 “拒絕、離開(kāi)”,give away表示“捐贈(zèng)”。根據(jù)上文“他組織了一個(gè)叫做清理悉尼海灣的活動(dòng)”可知這些人應(yīng)該是出來(lái)“清理垃圾”,因此選clear away。 40.B 解析:考查名詞和上下文。文中講到許多人參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)清理垃圾,應(yīng)該是獲得巨大成功,因此選B。 41.D 解析:考查名詞和上下文。根據(jù)上文可知,許多,人參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)清理垃圾,應(yīng)該是“改善當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境”,因此,此處應(yīng)該填 environment 表示環(huán)境。 42.C 解析:考查上下文。1990年大約30萬(wàn)人參加這個(gè)活動(dòng),2002年有80萬(wàn)人參加,所以這個(gè)活動(dòng)應(yīng)該是“每年規(guī)模更大”,另外,下文第五段提到In 2003,he started an even bigger program,因此選bigger。 43.A 解析:考查形容詞辨析。happy表示“高興的”, angry表示“生氣的”, disappointed表示“沮喪的”, concerned表示“擔(dān)心的”。根據(jù)常識(shí),活動(dòng),獲得成功應(yīng)該是“高興”,故選 happy 。 44.B 解析:考查詞組。with the help of 表示“在的幫助下”,無(wú)“with the need/hope/action of”的用法,因此選 help 。 45.C 解析:考查副詞和上下文理解。loudly表示“大聲地”, gently表示“溫柔地”, rapidly表示“迅速地”, busily表示“忙碌地”。上文講到每年參加清潔活動(dòng)的人越來(lái)越多,下文講到他的想法現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從一個(gè)城市發(fā)展到全世界,表明這個(gè)活動(dòng)發(fā)展迅速,因此選rapidly。,二、(2014廣州)完形填空(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分) 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從3645各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 One morning a fox was searching for his breakfast.He went down to the lake to_ some fish.Suddenly he saw a rabbit digging a hole on the bank of the lake and decided to eat it instead.Not wanting the rabbit to discover him,the fox moved_towards his meal.As he got closer,he stepped on some dry leaves. The rabbit then_in fear.When he saw the,fox,he started to shout. “Quiet! Why do you rabbits shout so much?” asked the fox,slightly annoyed that he had lost his _. “I am sorry,but you scared me.Your sharp teeth make me _.”replied the rabbit.“But I dont want to eat you”,lied the fox,“I am only here to help with your _.I will be back tomorrow and help you dig your hole.” The next day,the fox returned to the _. There he saw a group of rabbits busily digging holes on the bank.He thought about catching,one.At that moment the rabbit he had met the day before started jumping up and down,making a _ noise to warn his friends.All the rabbits and even the fish quickly_.The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food and ended up _ fruit. ( )36.A.catch B.buy C.smell D.cook ( )37.A.noisily B.silently C.confidently D.angrily ( )38.A.looked down B.looked away C.turned off D.turned around ( )39.A.time B.place C.meal D.fish ( )40.A.sad B.excited C.nervous D.happy,A,B,D,C,C,( )41.A.food B.work C.story D.friends ( )42.A.breakfast B.house C.lake D.mountain ( )43.A.loud B.low C.usual D.dangerous ( )44.A.returned B.shouted C.entered D.disappeared ( )45.A.growing B.eating C.picking D.selling,B,C,A,D,B,【答案與解析】本文是一篇記敘文。一天早上,一只狐貍外出覓食,他想捕捉一只正在湖堤上打洞的兔子,沒(méi)想到被兔子發(fā)現(xiàn)了。他欺騙兔子說(shuō)是來(lái)幫忙打洞的。第二天他再次來(lái)到湖邊,兔子發(fā)出警報(bào)給他的朋友們,最后狐貍只好用水果來(lái)作為早餐吃了。 36.A 解析:根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“could not find anything to catch for food”可知,他想去湖里捕魚(yú)吃。故選A。 37.B 解析:根據(jù)上文“not wanting the rabbit to,discover him”可知,狐貍悄悄地靠近這只兔子。故選B。 38.D 解析:look down意為“俯視”;look away意為“不再看(某人或某物)”;turn off意為“關(guān)掉”;turn around意為“轉(zhuǎn)身”。根據(jù)上文“.he stepped on some dry leaves”和下文“When he saw the fox”可知,兔子是轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)看到了狐貍。故選D。 39.C 解析:根據(jù)上文“and decided to eat it instead.”和“Why do you rabbits shout so much?”可知,狐,貍因失去了一頓美餐而有點(diǎn)生氣。故選C。 40.C 解析:根據(jù)上文“you scared me”可知,答案選C。 41.B 解析:根據(jù)下文“I will be back tomorrow and help you dig your hole.”可知,此處指幫他干活兒。故選B。 42.C 解析:根據(jù)上文“Suddenly he saw a rabbit digging a hole on the bank of the lake”和下文“on the bank”可知,狐貍第二天又回到湖邊。故選C。,43.A 解析:根據(jù)空格后的“noise to warn his friends”可知,這只兔子弄出很大的動(dòng)靜來(lái)警告他的同伴們。故選A。 44.D 解析:根據(jù)下文“The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food.”可知,所有的兔子和魚(yú)都消失了。故選D。 45.B 解析:根據(jù)上文“The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food.”可知,最后他只好吃水果。故選B。,考情分析:完形填空主要考查詞義的辨析和聯(lián)系上下文得出答案。根據(jù)上下文得出答案需要我們讀懂整篇文章,詞義的辨析要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)掌握好各種容易混淆的單詞或詞組。下面我們列舉了一些容易混淆的單詞和詞組的辨析,同學(xué)們要在平時(shí)要注意積累這些易混的單詞和詞組。,易混詞辨析 一、易混名詞辨析 1.cloth, clothes, clothing,dress (1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。 (2)clothes指具體的衣服,包括內(nèi)衣、外衣,不能與數(shù)詞連用。 (3)clothing是服裝的總稱(chēng),包括內(nèi)衣、外衣,還包括帽子、鞋襪、手套之類(lèi),只用單數(shù),無(wú)復(fù)數(shù) (4)dress作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),指外衣,尤指社交場(chǎng)合穿的服裝。作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),常指連衣裙。 練習(xí):a dish _. I want to buy sports _.,cloth,clothes,Now people are all in their winter _. She wore a blue _last night. 2.dinner,meal (1)dinner是指“正餐(午飯或晚飯)”或“宴會(huì)”。 (2)meal是指“一餐(一頓飯)”而言。 練習(xí):Lets go and have _together. What time do you usually have your _? 3.sound, voice, noise (1)sound“聲音”,指耳朵能聽(tīng)到的各種聲音,多作可數(shù)名詞。 (2)voice“聲音”,主要指人的聲音。 (3)noise指“噪音”。 可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不,clothing,dress,dinner,meals,可數(shù)名詞,詞組有:make a noise等。 練習(xí):I was waiting for the_of the other shoe! The teacher said in a loud_,“Please keep silent.” But every night he heard the _ upstairs. 4.job,work 都可譯為“工作”、“勞動(dòng)”。job,work是常用詞,其區(qū)別:job是可數(shù)名詞,work是不可數(shù)名詞。 練習(xí):She got a _of washing clothes. It takes a lot of _to build a building.,sound,voice,noise,job,work,5.person,people , man 這三個(gè)詞有共同之處,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之處。 (1)person是指“人”(男人或女人),有單數(shù)形式,也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2)people是復(fù)數(shù)形式,指“人民;人們”,不能指一個(gè)人。 (3)man專(zhuān)指“男人”也指“人類(lèi)”(不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不加冠詞)。 練習(xí):Two _ are waiting for you. He lived for the _and died for the people. All _must die.,persons,people,men,6.problem,question 都可譯為“問(wèn)題”,但它們所含的意思并不相同。 (1)question一般是指等待回答的“問(wèn)題;提問(wèn)”。 (2)problem一般是指等待解決(solve)或決定(decide)的“問(wèn)題;難題”。 練習(xí):May I ask some_? Thats no _.I can lend you my money. 7.table,desk 都可譯為“桌子”,其區(qū)別:table通常用于吃飯,游樂(lè)等。desk用于讀書(shū)或辦公,并且大多附有抽屜,常被稱(chēng)為“書(shū)桌”、“課桌”、“辦公桌”等。 練習(xí):We were at_when he arrived.,questions,problem,table,There are many _in the classroom. 8.floor,ground 兩者都有“地面、地上”的含義。其區(qū)別:floor 一般指室內(nèi)的地上、地板、地面,而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。 練習(xí):He was sitting on the _ when I came in. The _is wet now.It must have rained last night. 9.door,gate 都可譯為“門(mén)”。其區(qū)別: (1)door 一般指房子、房間、家具等的門(mén),還可用于比喻意義。,desks,floor,ground,(2)gate指圍墻、柵欄、籬笆等的開(kāi)口處。 練習(xí):Close the _ when you go out. He walked through the _into the garden. 10.road,way, street (1)road指“公路;馬路”,指兩側(cè)之間可以通行人或車(chē)輛的大道?!霸隈R路上”一般用on the road。“穿過(guò)馬路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。 (2)way意為“路線;路途;方法”等,統(tǒng)指從一地到另一地的路途。常用固定詞組有in this way(用這種方式);on the way to(在去的路上);get in the way of(擋道)等。,door,gate,(3)street表示“街道”,其兩邊有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street?!按┻^(guò)街道”一般用go through the street。 練習(xí):Excuse me,can you tell me the_ to the post office? When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the_. The_in this village is wider than before. 11.family, home (1)family表示“家;家庭”,也可指全體家庭成員。(2)home意為“家”,帶有眷戀等感情色彩。 練習(xí):Tom has a big_.There are six,way,street,road,family,people in his_. She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second_. 12.idea, advice (1)idea表示“主意”,是可數(shù)名詞。 例如:a good idea一個(gè)好主意 (2)advice表示“建議”,“忠告”,是不可數(shù)名詞。例如:a piece of advice 一個(gè)忠告(一個(gè)建議) 練習(xí):Can you give me some_on how to learn English well? He has got a good_to deal with his old books.,family,home,advice,idea,二、易混不定代詞辨析 1.some,any some,any都意為“一些”,既可以修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。some常用在肯定句中;any多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句及條件句中。 練習(xí):I have _tea here. I cant see _tea. 2.many,much many,much都表示“許多”的意思,主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,在肯定句中多用a lot of,lots of等。many修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),其反義,some,any,詞是few;而much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞,其反義詞是little。 練習(xí):I didnt know_English people who could speak Chinese. Is there_water in the bottle? 3.few,a few,little,a little few,a few用來(lái)修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;little,a little用來(lái)修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞;few,little表示否定,意為“很少、幾乎沒(méi)有”;a few,a little表示肯定,意為“一些、少許”。 練習(xí):He is now out of work and can earn _ money.,many,much,little,I can speak _French. _students in this school can speak Japanese. There are still _students in the classroom. 4.another,other,others,the other和the others的區(qū)別 (1)another泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè),表示“又一(個(gè)),又一些;另外的(人、物),別的(人、物)”,既可用作形容詞又可用作代詞。 (2)other表示“另外的”,常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用;前面有the,this,that,some,any,,a little,Few,a few,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等,則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。 (3)others泛指別的人或物,是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指別的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定語(yǔ),someothers=(the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)“一些另一些” (4)the other表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”,onethe other意為“(兩者中的)一個(gè)另一個(gè)”。修飾單數(shù)名詞意為“(兩者中)另一個(gè)”,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞意為“(兩部分中)剩下的,其余的”。 (5)the others=the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù):指剩下的人(或物),其余的(或物),練習(xí): We need _ four people. _ people may think like that. Some of the questions are hard;_ are easy. He has two sons.One is thin and _ is fat. There are 50 students in my class.30 are boys,_are girls. 5.none,no one (1)none表示三者或三者以上全部否定,意為“全都不”。none既可指人又可指物,通常后接of短語(yǔ),another,Other,others,the other,the others,none用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。none常用來(lái)回答how many/much的提問(wèn)。 (2)no one表示三者或三者以上全部否定,與nobody同義,只用來(lái)指人,其后一般不跟of短語(yǔ)。no one常用來(lái)回答who的提問(wèn)。 練習(xí):_ of us want(s) to go,but we have to. Everyone is here;_ is away. 6.every,each每一個(gè) (1)every用來(lái)指三者或三者以上,側(cè)重整體而不指?jìng)€(gè)別,它不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),只有與名詞連用或構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞時(shí),才能作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。every,None,no none,??捎糜谀承┕潭ù钆渲小?(2)each則用來(lái)指兩者或兩者以上,側(cè)重于個(gè)別情況,可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后接謂語(yǔ)的單數(shù)形式,但each作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)一致。 練習(xí):He knew by heart _ word in her letter. He gave an apple to _. 7.all,both (1)all表示“都”。指三者以上,或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù),也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn),,every,each,表示“兩個(gè)都”。與“of+代詞(或名詞)”連用,表示“兩者都”。 練習(xí):_of us like Mr.Pope. Lucy and Lily_agree with us. 8.neither,either (1)neither表示“兩者都不”。作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (2)either表示“兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)”,可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 練習(xí):_of the knives is useful _of them was in good health, but both worked very hard,All,both,Either,Neither,三、易混形容詞、副詞辨析 1.alone,lonely alone與lonely意義相近,alone表示“獨(dú)自一人”的狀態(tài),而lonely表示“孤單;寂寞”的情緒。 練習(xí):But the children are not_. She was sitting in the bed _ when we went to see her. So we never feel _. 2.every,each (1)every和each作形容詞時(shí),都是“每一個(gè)”的意思,但實(shí)際含義并不完全相同。each著重個(gè)別情況,而every則著重整體情況。當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each,alone,alone,lonely,child,each student或each teacher時(shí),我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child或every student時(shí),我們想到的是全體的情況,every的意思與all接近,表示他們都如此。 (2) each可以用來(lái)指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物,但every則只能用于指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的數(shù)量,不能指兩個(gè)。 練習(xí):The teacher gave a present to _ student. _student loves his teacher. Two boys entered._boy was carrying a large box.,each,Every,Each,3.big, large,great 在談?wù)撐矬w大小的時(shí)候,big和large都可以用來(lái)表示“大的”。big在口語(yǔ)中使用得較多。great主要修飾抽象的東西,表示在范圍上或程度上比一般的大。在修飾具體事物時(shí)常常帶有感情色彩。 練習(xí): This box is _. I want a _ box,this is too small. We like China very much.Its _! 4.high,tall 都可表示“高”,其區(qū)別:high通常用于物之高,而tall常用于指人的個(gè)子及細(xì)長(zhǎng)之物。(building和,big,large,great,people用high或tall都可以)。 練習(xí):He has a_nose. The boys are growing_and_. 5.black,dark 都可作形容詞,也可作名詞,其區(qū)別:black的意思是“黑色”(的):指顏色,其反義詞是white;而dark的意思是“暗、天黑、黑暗”,指無(wú)光。 練習(xí):All the windows have been painted_. It is too _to read here. 6.real,true 都可翻譯為“真的”,其區(qū)別:real的意思是“真的,實(shí)在的”,用來(lái)表示“客觀存在而不是想象或虛構(gòu),high,taller,taller,black,dark,的”或“真的而非假造的”。true的意思是“真正的,真實(shí)的,確實(shí)的,名副其實(shí)的”。 練習(xí):Its _that he is married. Is that a _flower? 7.too,also,either 這三個(gè)詞作副詞用時(shí),都含有“也”的意思,但用法不同。either只能用于否定句中,一般放在句尾。 練習(xí): Im in Row 1,_. Chinese take away food is _popular. We dont like the same colours,_.,true,real,too,also,either,8.already,yet, still already意為“已經(jīng)”,通常用于陳述句;用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示驚異、懷疑;不用于否定句。yet意為“尚”、“仍然”,常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。still表示“仍然,還”,放于句中。 練習(xí): We have_finished the work. Is he_in the classroom? We havent finished the work_. 9.hard,hardly hard作形容詞,意為“艱苦的”,作為副詞,意為“努力地”、“猛烈地”,如:hard work(艱苦的工作),already,still,yet,work hard(努力工作);hardly不是hard的副詞形式,而是另外一個(gè)詞,意為“幾乎不”。用在反意問(wèn)句中,疑問(wèn)部分要用肯定句。 練習(xí): He works _. He _ listened to me. 10.ago,before 都可譯為“以前”,其區(qū)別:ago只與過(guò)去時(shí)連用,ago前通常要有表示時(shí)間的詞。before常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過(guò)去(完成)時(shí)連用。并且,可以當(dāng)介詞,后面接介詞賓語(yǔ)。,hard,hardly,練習(xí): She saw the film three days _. She said she had seen the film three days _. 11.late,lately late表示“遲、晚”。lately是“最近、近來(lái)”的意思。 練習(xí): He always arrives home_. Have you been to the cinema _? 12.instead,instead of 都可譯為“代替”,其區(qū)別:instead只能單獨(dú)使用,常位于句首或句尾。instead of后面要跟名詞、動(dòng),ago,before,late,lately,名詞、代詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)。 練習(xí): She is very tired.Let me go_. Shall we have fish _eggs today? 13.good,well good形容詞,“好的”。well副詞,意為“好地”;作形容詞時(shí)是“身體健康的”。well放在動(dòng)詞之后,表達(dá)“健康;妥善”等意思。不能放在名詞之前修飾一般物品。 練習(xí): He is a_player.He can play basketball very_.,instead,instead of,good,well,Im not feeling_now.I must see a doctor at once. 14.sometimes, sometime與some time (1)sometimes的意思是“有時(shí),往往,不時(shí)地”。 (2)sometime的意思是“某個(gè)時(shí)候”,可指將來(lái),也可指過(guò)去。 (3)some time的意思是“一段時(shí)間”,可以是幾分鐘、幾小時(shí)、幾天、甚至幾年。 練習(xí): Sometimes we are busy and_we are not. Well take our holiday_in May.,well,sometimes,sometime,The fire went on for_ before it was brought under control. 15.so,such so是副詞,意為“如此”,修飾形容詞,如:so fast。such是形容詞,意為“如此”,修飾名詞。如:such a good boy 練習(xí): There are_many clouds in the sky. He is_a bad man that people dont like him. 16.ill, sick生病的 ill用作“生病的”時(shí),不可以修飾名詞,而sick可以,some time,so,such,練習(xí): This is a_boy.Please take a seat for him. He has been_in bed for 2 days. 17.asleep, sleepy, sleep (1)asleep形容詞,“睡著的”。常用詞組:fall asleep(入睡) (2)sleepy形容詞,“想睡的,困倦的”。常用詞組:be sleepy (3)sleep動(dòng)詞,“睡覺(jué)”。常用詞組:go to sleep(睡覺(jué)) 練習(xí): He was so_that he fell_easily. I have to_by 10 at home.,sick,Ill/sick,sleepy,asleep,sleep,18.awake,wake (1)awake形容詞,“醒著的”。常用詞組:be awake(醒著的) (2)wake動(dòng)詞,“醒來(lái)”。常用詞組:wake up(醒來(lái)) 練習(xí):Dont_me up.I want to sleep late. He is _now.Let him answer the telephone. 19.die, dead, death, dying (1)die動(dòng)詞,“死”。(2)dead形容詞,“死的”。(3)death名詞,“死”。(4)dying形容詞,“將死的”。 練習(xí):The dog has_.It has been_ for an hour.,wake,awake,died,dead,His _made us sad. The bird is _.Lets try to save it. 20.interesting, interested, interest (1)interesting形容詞,“有趣的”, 常用來(lái)形容物。 (2)interested形容詞,“感到有趣的”,常用來(lái)形容人的感覺(jué)。常用詞組:be interested in(對(duì)感興趣) (3)interest名詞,“興趣,愛(ài)好”。動(dòng)詞,“使某人感興趣”。 練習(xí):The film seems_.It _me.I want to see it tomorrow. My brother has many_.He is _ in basketball most.,death,dying,interesting,interests,interests,interested,21.pleased, pleasant, pleasure (1)pleased形容詞,“感到高興的”。常用詞組:be pleased with(對(duì)感到高興) (2)pleasant形容詞,“令人愉快的”。a pleasant holiday(一個(gè)愉快的假期) (3)pleasure名詞,“愉快”。常用詞組:with pleasure(十分樂(lè)意) 練習(xí): The news _ all of us.Were all_with it. Can you help me?With _. Thank you for your dinner!Its my _.,pleases,pleased,pleasure,pleasure,22.surprise, surprised, surprising (1)surprise作名詞時(shí),表“驚奇”。常用詞組:in surprise驚奇地(放句末;to ones surprise使某人驚奇的是。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表“使驚奇”)。 (2)surprised形容詞,“感到驚奇的”。常用詞組:be surprised at sth.be surprised to do sth. (3)surprising形容詞,“令人驚奇的”。 練習(xí):He looked at me in _.=He is _ to look at me. To my _,he failed in this contest. What _news! He was still alive.The news _us.,surprise,surprised,surprise,surprising,surprised,23.much too, too much, too many (1)much too+形容詞、副詞原級(jí);表示“非常,極其,太”。 (2)too much+不可數(shù)名詞;表示“太多”。 (3)too many+名詞復(fù)數(shù);表示“太多”。 練習(xí): There is _rain in HuBei this summer so that _ people are in trouble of flood. There was _noise in the hall. The little girl has to practise the piano every day.She is _tired of it sometimes.,too much,too many,too much,much too,24.how often, how long, how soon, how far (1)how often表示頻率。指間隔有多久,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。常用once,twice,three times, often, usually,always, never等回答。 (2)how long表示持續(xù)多久。通常用表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或“for+一段時(shí)間”,“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等來(lái)回答。 (3)how soon表示“還要多久”,通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí),用“in+一段時(shí)間”來(lái)回答。 (4)how far表示距離有多遠(yuǎn)。通常用“kilometer(s), mile(s),”或“five minutes walk”等來(lái)回答。,練習(xí):_ can the model plane fly? About ten meters. _ have you been in Zhongshan? For three years. _ do you call your parents? Once a week. _ will your uncle arrive at the airport?In an hour. _ will you stay in Shanghai? About a week. _ is it from your home to the school? Its only one kilometer./Its only five minutes walk.,How far,How long,How often,How soon,How long,How far,四、易混動(dòng)詞辨析 1.carry,take與bring的區(qū)別 (1)take是指將某物或某人從這里“帶到”或“拿到”某處。 (2)bring與take相反,是指將某物或某人從別處“帶來(lái)”或“拿來(lái)”。 (3)carry是指隨身攜帶(背著、扛著、提著、抱著),不表明來(lái)去的方向。 練習(xí):Could you _it to the classroom? May I _ Tom to see you next Monday? The box is heavy.Can you _ it?,take,bring,carry,2.cross和across的區(qū)別 cross與across都表示“穿過(guò);橫過(guò)”的意思。但是cross是及物動(dòng)詞,across是介詞,across的前面必須還要有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 練習(xí):When is it safe to_the road?什么時(shí)候過(guò)馬路安全? Go _the bridge.Youll find the museum on the left.走過(guò)這座橋,你就會(huì)在左邊看到那個(gè)博物館。 3.find,look for與find out的區(qū)別 find的意思是“找到”,look for是“尋找”,find out是經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查“發(fā)現(xiàn)、查明(真相)”。,cross,across,練習(xí):I cant _the broom. He is _ different places. Jane was angry when Lucy _ her secrets. 4.forget, leave和lose的區(qū)別 三詞都有“忘”、“丟”的意思。其區(qū)別:forget常表示“記不起”、“忘了

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