2019-2020年高中英語 語法講解 新人教版必修1.doc

2019-2020年高中英語 語法講解 新人教版必修1什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關系，按照不同的關系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當。現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補語（plement）。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補）基本句型 一： （主謂）此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結構，如：We e. （不及物動詞） 1. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。2. The machine doesnt work. 機器不運轉啦。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。基本句型 二： （主系表）系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, bee, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞 （是系動詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。 4 His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。There be 結構： There be 表示存在有。這里的there沒有實際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。 此結構后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物 試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個男孩。）/前一個there無實意，后一個there為副詞那里。 基本句型 三： （主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。 （及物動詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. He has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。3. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。4. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯?；揪湫?四： （主謂間賓直賓）接雙賓語的動詞有give，pass，bring，show等。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。 一般的順序為：動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：Give me a cup of tea, please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。3. I showed him my pictures. 我給他看我的照片4. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車?；揪湫?五： （主謂賓賓補）賓語補足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補足語有邏輯上的主謂關系，它們一起構成復合賓語。 （及物） （賓語） （賓補） 1. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。2. What makes him think so? 他怎么會這樣想？3. We saw him out. 我們送他出去4. He asked me to e back soon. 他要我早點回來。5個基本句型之外，會有些成分修飾主語或賓語，這些為定語一、 定語：（1）定義：對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。（2）位置：名詞之前。若修飾不定代詞時，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，則定語后置。(3) 詞類： 形容詞作定語：The little boy needs a blue pen. (little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。數(shù)詞作定語相當于形容詞：Two boys need two pens.兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。代詞或名詞所有格作定語：One of the boys likes Toms pen. 這群男孩中的一個需要Tom的鋼筆。 介詞短語作定語：The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。 不定式作定語：The boy to write this letter is Tom./將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。There is nothing to do today./今天無事要做。 分詞（短語）作定語：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個微笑的男孩需要 定語從句：(1). I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.(2). In the corner there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. 句子成分練習題( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（2分， 2分鐘）There is an old man ing here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. (二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞（5分， 5分鐘） I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homeworkWhat I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（3分，3分鐘） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.(四) 挑出下列句中的表語（4分， 4分鐘） The old man was feeling very tired. The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定語（4分，4分鐘） I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.(六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（3分， 3分鐘） She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. (七) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分， 5分鐘） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?定語從句小復習先行詞：定語從句的引導詞前面的被定語從句所修飾的名詞、代詞。關系詞：成分所指關系詞主語指人who/that指物which/that賓語指人(whom/who/that)指物(that/which)定語指人whose + 名詞/=the + 名詞of whom指物whose + 名詞/=the + 名詞of which狀語 when/where/why/ 介詞+which/whom the way引導的方式狀語用(that/in which 或省略) (1)把下列各組句子合并成一句。 定語從句1. This is the tree. He was climbing it yesterday. 2. The girl is not here now. She told me the news. 3. The house is our library. Its door is painted red. 4. I always remember the days. We spent them together. (2).單選 1. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whom C. which D. /2. This is one of the articles that _ written by him. A. wasB. were C. isD. are3. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, toB. that, / C. where, to D. which, there4. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. /5. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. which B. where C. in whichD. what6. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. thatB. whichC. where D. the one 7. I sat next to a girl _ name was Diana. A. whoB. whom C. which D.whose背誦且默寫：1. Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. 翻譯_2.Eric 跑進來，后面跟著一只狗，狗走得很慢。翻譯_3. Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he wont respect us. （以上是課本2223頁的句子）翻譯 _4.很多青少年感到很孤單，似乎沒有人能理解他們和他們所經歷的變化。（以下句子能在課本38頁找到） 翻譯_5. Since teenagers have difficulty (in) balancing these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. (Line 24-25 Page 38)翻譯_6. 好消息是這樣的成長煩惱不會持續(xù)太久。（Line 27 Page 38）翻譯_單元Unit 1 重點單詞與短語1. Going to a British high school for one year was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ( 動名詞 做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)) experience (可數(shù)名詞)經歷;(不可數(shù)名詞)經驗 v.體驗 2. mean to do sth./ mean doing sth. _/_3.(1)devote oneself to doing sth._ (2) achieve high grades _4. It was a struggle for sb. to do sth. _5. as heavy as 跟一樣重 as well as _ as much as _6. give sb. encouragement _ 7. (1)during the lunch break _ (2) during break times8.spend time/money _ doing sth. / _ sth. 9. prepare to do sth./ for sth. _ 10.look back on _11.upon doing _ eg: Upon arriving home, he have a dinner. 12. donate the book _ the library _13.regret to do sth./ regret doing sth. _ 14.run a farm _ 15. approve the idea / of the opinion _16.much more than _ 17.告知某人某事 _ 18.畢業(yè)后_ 19. 被要求做某事_ eg.Tom被要求8點到校。-_ 20. so.that_ 他如此之友好以至于我都感動啦。21. be in charge of / be in the charge of _/_ 22. 做出決定 _單元 unit 2 重點單詞與短語1. 比預期的/跟預期的一樣_ 2. followed by./ walking slowly做伴隨狀語(doing表主動 done 表被動) 3._ to do with it/ _to deal with it 怎樣處理這件事情 4.with +賓語+ 賓語補足學生出了校門，手上帶著本書。_ 5. have sth. done_ have sb. do sth. _ 6. tolerate _ 7.not any more/no more _ 8.instead of sth. _9. now that _ 10. 尊重某人_ 11.對感到自豪_ 12. 徒勞的_ 13.handle _ - 14.堅持做某事_15.waste time in _(watch) DVDs and _(listen) to foreign music 16.prevent doing sth._ 17.suggest (建議;暗示)+ones doing18.禁止某人做某事_ 19. go through _ 20.He along with you _(be) from China. 21.bee confused with _22.have difficulty (in)_(balance) these needs. _單元Unit 1 重點單詞與短語1. 去英國中學學習一年是件非常有趣和令人激動的事。2. 打算做某事/意味著3.(1)doing/ 致力于 (2) 獲得好成績4. 對某人來說，是件難事5. as well as 和；也；跟一樣好 as much as 多達6. give sb. encouragement _給某人鼓勵_ 7. (1)during the lunch break _在午飯休息時間_ (2) during break times 課間休息時間8.spend time/money _in_ doing sth. / _on_ sth. 9. prepare to do sth./ for sth. _準備做某事_ 10.look back on _回憶_11.upon doing _一.就_ eg: Upon arriving home, he have a dinner. 12. donate the book _to_ the library捐獻書本給圖書館13.regret to do sth./ regret doing sth. _后悔去做某事/后悔做過某事 14.run a farm 經營 15. approve the idea / of the opinion 批準/贊同16.much more than 不僅僅是_ 17.告知某人某事 inform sb. of sth. _ 18.畢業(yè)后_after graduation_ 19. 被要求做某事be required to do sth. eg.Tom被要求8點到校。-Tom was required to go to school at 8 pm. 20. so.that_ 他如此之友好以至于我都感動啦。He was so friendly that I was moved.21. be in charge of / be in the charge of _負責_/_由來負責_ 22. 做出決定 _make decisions_單元 unit 2 重點單詞與短語1. 比預期的/跟預期的一樣_than expected/as expected_ 2. followed by./ walking slowly做伴隨狀語(doing表主動 done 表被動) 3._what_ to do with it/ _how_ to deal with it 怎樣處理這件事情 4.with +賓語+ 賓語補足學生出了校門，手上揮動著書本。_He get out of the school with a book waving in his hand 5. have sth. done讓某事被做have sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 6. tolerate 忍受 7.not any more/no more 不在 8.instead of sth. 代替9. now that 既然 10. 尊重某人show respect for/ respect sb. 11.對感到自豪be proud of 12. 徒勞的for nothing 13.handle 處理 14.堅持做某事insist on doing 15.waste time in watching (watch) DVDs and listening (listen) to foreign music 16.prevent doing sth._阻止做某事_ 17.suggest (建議;暗示)+ones doing 建議某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.18.禁止某人做某事forbid sb. from doing / to do sth. 19. go through 體驗;經歷 20.He along with you_ is (be) from China. 21.bee confused with 對某事感到困惑的 22.have difficulty (in)_balancing (balance) these needs. 在保持這些平衡存在困難