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1、 英文原文 The Source Of Article：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal Management Information System It is the MIS(Management Information System ) that we constantly say that the management information system , and is living to emphasize the administration , and emphasizes that it changes into more and

2、more significantly and more and more is universalized in the contemporary community of message . MIS is a fresh branch of learning, and it leaped over several territories, and for instance administers scientific knowledge, system science, operational research, statistic along with calculating machin

3、e scientific knowledge. Is living on these the branches of learning base, and takes shape that the message is gathered and the process means, thereby take shape the system that the crossbar mingles. 1. The Management Information System Summary 20 centuries, in the wake of the flourishing developm

4、ent of whole world economy, numerous economists propose the fresh administration theory one by one. Xi Men propose the administration and was dependent on idea to message and decision of strategic importance in the 50’s 20 centuries. The dimension of simultaneous stage is admitted issuing cybernetic

5、s, and he thinks that the administration is a control procedure. In 1958, Ger. write the lid: “ the administration shall obtain without delay with the lower cost and exact message, completes the better control “. This particular period, the calculating machine starts being used accountancy work. The

6、 data handling term has risen. In 1970, Walter T.Kennevan give administration that has raised the only a short while ago information system term to get off a definition: “ either the cover of the book shape with the discount, is living appropriately time to director, staff member along with the out

7、side world personnel staff supplies the past and now and message that internal forecasting the approaching relevant business reaches such environment, in order to assist they make a strategic decision”. Is living in this definition to emphasize, yet does not emphasize using the pattern, and mention

8、the calculating machine application in the way of the message support decision of strategic importance. In 1985, admonishing information system originator, title Buddhist nun Su Da university administration professor Gordon B.Davis give the management information system relatively integrated defin

9、ition, in immediate future “ administer the information system is one use calculating machine software and hardware resources along with data bank man - the engine system. It be able to supply message support business either organization operation, administration or the decision making function. C

10、omprehensive directions of this definition management information system target and meritorious service capacity and component, but also make known the management information system to be living the level that attains at that time. 1.1 The Developing History of MIS The management information s

11、ystem is living the most primarily phase is counting the system, the substance which researched is the regular pattern on face between the incremental data, it what may separate into the data being mutually related and more not being mutually related series, afterwards act as the data conversion to

12、message. The second stage is the data are replaced the system, and it is that the SABRE that the American airline company put up to in the 50’s 20 centuries subscribes to book the bank note system that such type stands for. It possess 1008 bank note booking spots, and may access 600000 traveler ke

13、ep the minutes and 27000 flight segments record. Its operation is comparatively more complex, and is living whatever one “spot ”wholly to check whether to be the free place up some one flight numbers. Yet through approximately attending school up to say, it is only a data and replaces the system, fo

14、r instance it can not let know you with the bank note the selling velocity now when the bank note shall be sell through, thereby takes remedying the step. As a result it also is administer information system rudimentary phase. The third phase is the status reports system, and it may separate into

15、manufacture state speech and service state and make known and research the systems such as status reports and so on. Its type stands for the production control system that is the IBM corporation to the for instance manufacture state speech system. As is known to all, the calculating machine corporat

16、ion that the IBM corporation is the largest on the world, in 1964 it given birth to middle-sized calculating machine IBM360 and causes the calculating machine level lift a step, yet form that the manufacture administration work. Yet enormously complicatedly dissolve moreover, the calculating machine

17、 overtakes 15000 difference components once more, in addition the plant of IBM extends all over the American various places to every one components once more like works an element, and the order of difference possess difference components and the difference element, and have to point out that what e

18、lement what plant what installation gives birth to, hence not merely giving birth to complexly, fitting, installation and transportation wholly fully complex. Have to there be a manufacture status reports system that takes the calculating machine in order to guarantee being underway successfully of

19、manufacture along with else segment as the base. Hence the same ages IBM establish the systematic AAS of well-developed administration it be able to carry on 450 professional work operations. In 1968, the corporation establishes the communal once more and manufactures information system CMIS and r

20、uns and succeeds very much, the past needs 15 weeks work, that system merely may be completed in the way of 3 weeks. It is the data handling system that the status reports system still possess one kind of shape , and that it is used for handles the everyday professional work to make known with man

21、ufacture , and stress rests with by the handwork task automation , and lifts the effectiveness with saves the labor power . The data handling system ordinarily can not supply decision of strategic importance message. Last phase is the support systems make a strategic decision, and it is the infor

22、mation system being used for supplementary making a strategic decision. That system may program and the analysis scheme, and goes over key and the error solve a problem. Its proper better person-machine dialogue means, may with not particularly the personnel staff who have an intimate knowledge of t

23、he calculating machine hold conversation. It ordinarily consists of some pattern so as to come into being decision of strategic importance message, yet emphasize comprehensive administration meritorious service capacity. 1.2 The Application of Management Information System The management informa

24、tion system is used to the most base work, like dump report form, calculation pay and occurrences in human tubes and so on, and then developing up business financial affairs administrations and inventory control and so on individual event operational control , this pertains to the electron data hand

25、ling ( EDP Data Processing ) system . When establish the business data bank, thereby possess the calculating machine electric network to attain data sharing queen , the slave system concept is start off , when the implementation the situation as a whole is made program and the design information sys

26、tem ,attained the administration information system phase . In the wake of calculating machine technique progress and the demand adjust the system of people lift further, people emphasize more furthermore administer the information system phase. Progress and people in the wake of the calculating mac

27、hine technique lift at the demand adjust the system further, people emphasize more furthermore to administer the information system whether back business higher level to lead makes a strategic decision this meritorious service capacity, still more lay special emphasis on the gathering to the externa

28、l message of business and integrated data storehouse, model library , means storehouse and else artificial intelligence means whether directly to decision of strategic importance person , this is the support system ( DDS ) mission making a strategic decision. There is the part application that few

29、 business start MIS inner place the limit of the world at the early days of being living in the 70’s 20 centuries. Up at the moment, MIS is living, and there be the appropriate Popularization rate in every state nation in world, and nearly covered that every profession reaches every department.

30、1.3 The Direction of MIS Development Close 20 curtains; external grand duke takes charge of having arisen3 kinds of alternations: A. Paying special attention to the administration being emphasized to establishing MIS’s system, and causing the administration technique head for the ageing. B. Th

31、e message is the decision of strategic importance foundation, and MIS supplies the message service in the interest of director at all times. C. Director causes such management program getting in touch with together with the concrete professional work maneuver by means of MIS. not merely big-and-mi

32、ddle-sized business universally establish MIS some small-size business also not exceptions of self, universally establish the communal data network, like the electronic mail and electron data exchange and so on, MIS supplied the well support environment to the application of Intranet’s technique to

33、speedily developing of INTERNET especially in the past few years in the interest of the business. Through international technique development tendency is see, in the 90’s 20 centuries had arisen some kinds of brand-new administration technique. 1. Business Processes Rebuild (BPR)

34、 A business should value correctly time and produce quality, manufacturing cost and technical service and so on several section administrations, grip at the moment organization and the process compose once more,andcompletes that meritorious service capacity integrationist, operation processization a

35、nd organization form fluctuation. Shall act as the service veer of middle layer management personnel staff the decision of strategic importance of the director service? 2. Intelligentization Decision Support System (IDSS) The intelligentization decision of strategic importance support system was s

36、ufficiently consider demand and the work distinguishing feature of business higher level personnel staff. 3. Lean Production (LP) Application give birth to on time, comprehensive quality control and parallel project that picked amount is given birth to and so on the technique, the utmost product

37、 design cutting down and production cycle, raise produce quality and cuts down the reproduced goods to reserve, and is living in the manufacture promote corps essence, in order to meet the demand that client continuously changes. 4. Agile Manufacture (AM) One kind of business administration patt

38、ern that possess the vision, such distinguishing feature is workers and staff members’ quality is high, and the organization simplifies and the multi-purpose group effectiveness GAO message loading is agile and answers client requires swiftly. 2. The Effect To The Business Administration of MIS D

39、evelopment The effect to the business administration of the management information system development is administered the change to business and business administration of information system development and come into being and is coming into being the far-reaching effect with. Decision of strateg

40、ic importance, particularly strategic decision-making may be assisted by the administration information system, and its good or bad directly affects living and the development up the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration means one another unites through qu

41、ality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in the calculation with the different mathematical model the problem in the quantitative analysis business. The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite the administration necessaries, and su

42、pply the sufficient data, and simulates to produce the term in the interest of the administration. In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of informati

43、on system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In real

44、ity, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit. This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details

45、daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thin

46、g of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living i

47、ncomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. A

48、t the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the

49、 interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing

50、 cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution. The management information system is towards the self

51、-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too

52、 many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better developme

53、nt against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. 英文翻譯 文章的出處：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 管理信息系統(tǒng) 管理信息系統(tǒng)就是我們常說的MIS(Management Information System), 在強調(diào)管理，強調(diào)信息的現(xiàn)代社會中它變得越來越重要、越來越普及。MIS是一門新的學科，它跨越了若干個領域，比如管理科學、系統(tǒng)科學、運籌學、統(tǒng)計學以及計算機科學。在這些學科的基礎上，形成信息收集和加工的方法，從而形成一個縱橫交

54、織的系統(tǒng)。 1．管理信息系統(tǒng)概述 20世紀，隨著全球經(jīng)濟的蓬勃發(fā)展，眾多經(jīng)濟學家紛紛提出了新的管理理論。20世紀50年代，西蒙提出管理依賴于信息和決策的思想。同時期的維娜發(fā)表了控制論，他認為管理是一個控制過程。1958年，蓋爾寫到：“管理將以較低的成本得到及時的、準確的信息，做到較好的控制”。這個時期，計算機開始用于會計工作。數(shù)據(jù)處理一詞已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。 1970年，Walter T.Kennevan給剛剛出現(xiàn)的管理信息系統(tǒng)一詞下了一個定義：“以扣頭或書面的形式，在合適的時間向經(jīng)理、職員以及外界人員提供過去的、現(xiàn)在的、預測未來的有關企業(yè)內(nèi)部及其環(huán)境的信息，以幫助他們進行決策”。 在這個定義里

55、強調(diào)了用信息支持決策，但并沒有強調(diào)應用模型，沒有提到計算機的應用。 1985年，管理信息系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)始人，名尼蘇達大學的管理學教授Gordon B.Davis給了管理信息系統(tǒng)一個較為完整的定義，即“管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個利用計算機軟硬件資源以及數(shù)據(jù)庫的人-機系統(tǒng)。它能提供信息支持企業(yè)或組織的運行、管理和決策功能?！?這個定義全面的說明了管理信息系統(tǒng)的目標、功能和組成，而且反映了管理信息系統(tǒng)在當時達到的水平。 1.1管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史 管理信息系統(tǒng)在初級階段是統(tǒng)計系統(tǒng)，所研究的內(nèi)容是數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)間表面的規(guī)律，它可以把數(shù)據(jù)分成較相關和較不相關的組，然后把數(shù)據(jù)轉換為信息。 第二階段是數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，其

56、典型代表是美國航空公司于20世紀50年代建成的SABRE預約訂票系統(tǒng)。它設有1008個訂票點，可以存取600000個旅客記錄和27000個飛行段記錄。它的操作比較復雜，在任何“點”都可以查到某一航班是否有空座位。但從概念上來講，它只是一個數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，比如它不能告訴你以現(xiàn)在的售票速度何時票將售完，從而采取補救措施。因而它也是管理信息系統(tǒng)的低級階段。 第三階段是狀態(tài)報告系統(tǒng)，它可以分成生產(chǎn)狀況報告、服務狀態(tài)報告和研究狀態(tài)報告等系統(tǒng)。比如生產(chǎn)狀況報告系統(tǒng)，它的典型代表是IBM公司的生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)。眾所周知，IBM公司是世界上最大的計算機公司，1964年它生產(chǎn)出中型計算機IBM360，使計算機的水平

57、提高了一個臺階，但同時組織生產(chǎn)的管理工作卻大大復雜化了，一臺計算機又超過15000個不同的部件，每個部件又有若干個元件，加之IBM的工廠遍及美國各地，不同的訂貨有不同的部件和不同的元件，必須指出什么工廠什么設備生產(chǎn)什么元件，因此不僅生產(chǎn)復雜，裝配、安裝和運輸都十分復雜。為了保證生產(chǎn)以及其他環(huán)節(jié)的順利進行，必須要有一個以計算機為基礎的生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)報告系統(tǒng)。因此同年IBM建立了先進管理系統(tǒng)AAS,它能進行450個業(yè)務的操作。1968年，公司又建立了公用制造信息系統(tǒng)CMIS,運行很成功，過去需要15周的工作，該系統(tǒng)只用3周就可以完成。狀態(tài)報告系統(tǒng)還有一種形式是數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，它用來處理日常業(yè)務和生產(chǎn)報告，

58、重點在于將手工作業(yè)自動化，提高效率和節(jié)省人力。數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)一般不能提供決策信息。 最后的階段是決策支持系統(tǒng)，它是用來輔助決策的信息系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以計劃、分析方案，審查解答和求解的誤差。它應有較好的人-機對話方式，可以和不怎么熟悉計算機的人員通話。它一般包括一些模型用以產(chǎn)生決策信息，但不強調(diào)全面的管理功能。 1.2管理信息系統(tǒng)的應用 管理信息系統(tǒng)起初應用于最基礎的工作，如打印報表、計算工資、人事管等，進而發(fā)展到企業(yè)財務管理、庫存管理等單項業(yè)務管理，這屬于電子數(shù)據(jù)處理(EDP,Electroni9c Data Processing) 系統(tǒng)。當建立了企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，有了計算機網(wǎng)絡從而達到數(shù)據(jù)共享后

59、，從系統(tǒng)觀點出發(fā)，實施全局規(guī)劃和設計信息系統(tǒng)時，就達到了管理信息系統(tǒng)階段。隨著計算機技術的進步和人們對系統(tǒng)的需求進一步提高，人們更加強調(diào)管理信息系統(tǒng)的階段。隨著計算機技術的進步和人們對系統(tǒng)的需求進一步提高，人們更加強調(diào)管理信息系統(tǒng)能否支持企業(yè)高層領導的決策這一功能，更側重于企業(yè)外部信息的收集、綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫、模型庫、方法庫、和其它人工智能工具能否直接面向決策者，這是決策支持系統(tǒng)(DDS)的任務。 在20世紀70年代初期，世界范圍內(nèi)有少數(shù)企業(yè)開始MIS的局部應用。到目前，MIS在世界各國已經(jīng)有了相當?shù)钠占奥剩瑤缀醺采w了各個行業(yè)及各部門。 1.3管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向 近20年間，國外大公司出現(xiàn)

60、了3種變化： l 抓管理著重于建立MIS系統(tǒng)，使管理技術走向成熟。 l 信息是決策的依據(jù)，MIS隨時為經(jīng)理提供信息服務。 l 經(jīng)理通過MIS使其經(jīng)營計劃和具體的業(yè)務活動聯(lián)系在一起。 由于以上的變化。MIS應用得到了迅速的發(fā)展。不僅大中型企業(yè)普遍建立了自己的MIS,一些小型企業(yè)也不例外，普遍建立了公用數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡，如電子郵件、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換等，尤其是近年來INTERNET的飛速發(fā)展，INTRANET技術的應用，為企業(yè)MIS提供了良好的支持環(huán)境。 從國際技術發(fā)展趨勢看，20世紀90年代出現(xiàn)了幾種全新的管理技術 1.企業(yè)過程重組(BPR) 一個企業(yè)應該重視對時間、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)成本和技術服務

61、等幾個部分的管理，把目前的機構和過程重新組合，做到功能集成化、運營過程化、機構組織扁平化。 2.智能化決策支持系統(tǒng)(IDDS) 充分考慮了企業(yè)高層人員的要求和工作特點，將把中層管理人員的服務轉向為經(jīng)理的決策服務。 3.精量生產(chǎn)(LP) 應用準時生產(chǎn)、全面質(zhì)量管理、并行工程等技術，最大限度的縮短產(chǎn)品設計和生產(chǎn)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低再制品庫存，并在生產(chǎn)中提倡團隊精神，以滿足客戶不斷變化的需求。 4.靈捷制造(AM) 一種有遠見的企業(yè)管理模式，其特點是職工素質(zhì)高，組織機構精簡、多功能小組效率高、信息存放靈活、響應客戶要求迅速。 2.理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展對企業(yè)管理的影響 管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)

62、展對企業(yè)和企業(yè)管理的變革產(chǎn)生了和正在產(chǎn)生著深遠的影響。管理信息系統(tǒng)可以輔助決策，特別是戰(zhàn)略決策，它的好壞直接影響到企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展。MIS正在促使管理方法由定性和定量相結合的方向發(fā)展。這表現(xiàn)在管理中運用預測和各種數(shù)學模型來定量分析企業(yè)中的問題。過去管理問題難以進行試驗，而MIS則可以結合管理需要，提供充分的數(shù)據(jù)，為管理模擬創(chuàng)造條件。 隨著MIS的發(fā)展，許多企業(yè)把分散的信息集中起來成立了直屬經(jīng)理的信息系統(tǒng)部，信息系統(tǒng)部的負責人一般為副經(jīng)理級。企業(yè)的權力集中到高級管理人員手中以后，似乎使許多科室的工作減少了，因此有人預言，中層管理將消失。實際上，再現(xiàn)階段用了信息系統(tǒng)后中層管理不僅沒有減少，反而稍

63、有增加。這是因為，雖然中下層管理人員從繁瑣的事務性工作中解脫出來，但需要他們用更多的精力去分析研究工作，進一步提高管理決策水平。隨著MIS的發(fā)展，企業(yè)對高技術人才的需求不斷增加，而能力不足者將逐步被淘汰。這就迫使人們通過學習、培訓，不斷提高個人素質(zhì)。隨著通訊、網(wǎng)絡和文檔傳輸系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，企業(yè)職員可以在遠地或家中上班。美國蘭克施樂公司(Rank Zerox)的網(wǎng)上辦公系統(tǒng)，已經(jīng)使該公司大大節(jié)省了開支，工作效率明顯上升，為提高辦公人員的創(chuàng)造性創(chuàng)造了優(yōu)越的條件。 目前許多國家正在醞釀一種更先進的制造業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，成為敏捷制造企業(yè)。它完全根據(jù)用戶需求來組織設計與生產(chǎn)，可以通過信息流調(diào)動不同地域的企業(yè)為同一個產(chǎn)品進行大協(xié)作，通過對機器的重新編程和對資源、人員的重新組織，構成了一個新的制造系統(tǒng)，使得生產(chǎn)成本與批量幾乎無關。敏捷制造企業(yè)與用戶建立一個完全嶄新的戰(zhàn)略依存關系，將會引起產(chǎn)業(yè)結構的又一次革命。 管理信息系統(tǒng)正在朝著自適應、自學習的方向發(fā)展，也就是能更好的模擬人的決策過程。西方某些企業(yè)家夢想完善的MIS是包治企業(yè)百病的靈丹妙藥；但也有人說，過多的依賴MIS會導致管理上的失敗。了解MIS對企業(yè)的影響，有利于我們在開發(fā)和研究工作中，使企業(yè)的組織機構、管理體制和管理方法更好的與MIS的發(fā)展相適應，建立更有效的MIS。 10