英語專業(yè)四級語法分析.ppt

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專四語法 語法題目特點(diǎn) 比重 1 51 65題 2 用時7 5分鐘 3 易 難 語法命題新趨勢 難度大幅度降低 基本上不再有偏題 怪題 對語法辨認(rèn) 語法術(shù)語 的考查加強(qiáng) 近三年語法題目統(tǒng)計 Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork Heisnolongertheman hewasfifteenyearsago 2011 51A whichB whomC whoD that Facingtheboardofdirectors hedidn tdeny breakingtheagreement 2013 51A himB itC hisD its Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments tohimbeforelunch 2012 54 A besentB weresentC weretobesentD mustbesent Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword 復(fù)合詞 2013 53 A NonsmokerB Deadline C MeannessD Misfit Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood 2013 54A Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o clock B Sheusedtodrivetowork butnowshetakesthecitymetro C Walkstraightahead anddon tturntillthesecondtrafficlights D PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause 主語從句 2011 60A Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime B Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear C Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning D Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns 反身代詞 isusedasanappositive 同位語 2012 53A Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress B ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary C Ihavenothingtosayformyself D Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface 語法的核心 1 語法意識 2 語法分析 3 語法技巧 Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainedmaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement 語法策略 1 扎實(shí)掌握基本語法術(shù)語 2 熟悉專四語法基本考點(diǎn) 3 做真題 多思考 找規(guī)律 語法學(xué)習(xí)要求 真題 2004 2013 1 1上外出版1 2以2009 2013真題為主1 3效果 會背 會解釋 2 單項練習(xí) 英語專業(yè)四級語法新思維30天速成勝經(jīng) 3 合理安排時間 語法辨認(rèn) 一 詞性 術(shù)語功能 Whichofthefollowingdeterminers 限定詞 canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcountnouns 2012 52A manyaB fewC thenextD such Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns 反身代詞 isusedasanappositive 同位語 2012 53A Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress B ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary C Ihavenothingtosayformyself D Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface 二 成分 術(shù)語 主 謂 賓 狀 補(bǔ) 定 同位語等功能做題技巧 弄清術(shù)語 分析結(jié)構(gòu) 比較選項 Inthesentence It snousewaitingforher theitalicizedphraseis2010 61theobjectB anadverbialC acomplementD thesubject Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement 2010 63A ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager B IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent C YouhavedonePeterafavour D SheisteachingchildrenEnglish Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject 2011 58A Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher B Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris C Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth D Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial 2012 62A Despiteoftherain everyoneenjoyedthetrip B Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager C Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan D AreyousureofSimon sdisappearance Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns 反身代詞 isusedasanappositive 同位語 2012 53A Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress B ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary C Ihavenothingtosayformyself D Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface 2011 652012 57 58 59 64 三 功能 1 語氣功能2 語法功能 WhichofthefollowingsentencesisaCOMMAND 2011 52A Begyourpardon B Haveagoodtime C Neverdothatagain D Whatnoiseyouaremaking ThesentencethatexpressesOFFERis2011 64A I llgetsomedrinks What llyouhave B Doessheneedtobookaticketnow C MayIknowyourname D Canyoureturnthebooknextweek Whichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatespurpose 2011 53A Shesaiditforfun butotherstookherseriously B Forallitseffort theteamdidn twinthematch C Lindahasworkedforthefirmfortwentyyears D HesetoutforBeijingyesterday Inphraseslikefreezingcold burninghot orsoakingwet the INGparticipleisused2011 55A asacommand B asacondition C forconcession D foremphasis 2010 512011 642012 55 四 句子類型 語法關(guān)系 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause 主語從句 2011 60A Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime B Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear C Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning D Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause 2012 61A IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity B Astherewasnoanswer Iwroteagain C YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou D Wealthyasheis Markisnotahappyman 非謂語動詞 一 形式 動詞不定式 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞 動名詞 二 功能 一個句子當(dāng)中 已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞 又沒有連詞的情況下 需要非謂語動詞來修飾句子的其他成分 三 命題特點(diǎn) 1 非謂語動詞的否定式 2 動詞不定式的各種形式及應(yīng)用 3 ing結(jié)構(gòu) ed結(jié)構(gòu)的語法功能 P136 4 非謂語動詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)或習(xí)慣用法等 四 解題思路 一 首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)確定主句 沒有連接詞 只有一個主語二 分析主動被動分析語態(tài)就是在確定主語之后 分析非謂語動詞和主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系 三 分析動作先后要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間先后 即時態(tài) Ifnot withtherespecthefeelsduetohim Jackgetsveryill temperedandgrumblesallthetime 04 55A beingtreatedB treated C betreatedD havingbeentreated 04 76 Allflights becauseofthesnowstorm wehadtotakethetrain A havingcanceledB hadbeencanceledC werecanceledD havingbeencanceled 05 61 What sthechanceof ageneralelectionthisyear therebeingB theretobeC therebeD theregoingtobe 02 56 AIDSissaid thenumber onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion A beingB tobeC tohavebeenD havingbeen 獨(dú)立主格 1 Agricultureisthecountry schiefsourceofwealth wheat byfarthebiggestcerealcrop a isb beenc bed being 2 Time thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled a permitb permittingc permittedd permits 3 There nothingmorefordiscussion themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier a tobeb tohavebeenc beingd be 4 nocauseforalarm theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom Therewasb Sincec Beingd Therebeing 5 Thecountry schiefexportsarecoal carsandcottongoods cars themostimportantofthese havebeenb arec beingd arebeing as的用法 as可以作連詞 介詞及關(guān)系代詞和副詞 1 as作連詞作 在 期間 當(dāng) 的時候 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 eg Astimewenton by shebecamemoreandmorebeautiful Aschildrengetolder theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedineverything 一 連詞 2 As Since作 既然 由于 解 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 常用來表示已為人們所知或顯而易見的原因或理由 eg Ashe sbeenillforages Iwillhelphim As Sinceyou renotfeelingwell youmaystayathome Ashewasn tready wewentwithouthim 3 As inthewaythat 像 按照 的方式 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句 eg DoasItoldyou Remember youmustdoeverythingasIdo 4 用于as as或not so as as中 前一個as是副詞 后一個as是連詞 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句 book3 unit7 eg Theyhelpedtheoldasmuchaspossible Idon tspeakEnglishso aswellasshedoes 5 表示雖然 盡管等 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 常用倒裝語序 模式為 adj adv n as 主語 謂語 主句 eg Youngasheis heknowsmuch Tiredastheywere theywalkedon Girlasshewas shewasverybrave 1 表示好像 如 Hedressedasapoliceman 2 表示作為當(dāng)作 eg Ifoundajobasaguide 3 當(dāng)某人是某身份時 eg Asachild shewassenttoabroad 二 as作介詞的用法 4 as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語大多用作狀語 as譯為 作為 少數(shù)情況可引起賓語補(bǔ)足語 eg AsaPartymember I lltaketheleadineverything 狀語 Sheworksasamodel 狀語 Shehasmeasoneofherbestfriends 賓語補(bǔ)足語 1 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 表示正如 這一點(diǎn) 位置靈活 eg Heisverycareful asweallknow Asiswell known TaiwanbelongstoChina As是關(guān)系代詞 例1中的as作know的賓語 例2中 它充當(dāng)從句的主語 謂語動詞know要用被動式 三 as作關(guān)系代詞 2 當(dāng)先行詞被thesame such等詞修飾時 常用as來引導(dǎo)定語從句 eg Suchaclevergirlasshecanlearnanythingquickly Iwasreadingthesamebookasheboughtyesterday 1 表示與 等同 eg Thisdressistwiceasexpensiveasthatone 2 像 如等 eg Asbefore heremainedunmoved Suchanimalsasfoxesandsquirrelshavebushytails 四 作副詞的用法 suchas與assuch的區(qū)別 assuch的用法 1 表示 按照某詞通用的詞義 根據(jù)某詞嚴(yán)格的詞義 eg It snotanagreementassuch butitwillhavevirtuallythesameeffectasone 就協(xié)議的詞義而言 它算不上是協(xié)定 但實(shí)際上起到了協(xié)定的作用 Ican tcallmybookabestsellerassuchbutit sverypopular 我不敢說我的書是暢銷書 但可以說很受歡迎 2 表示 就本身而論 eg Moneyassuchwillseldombringhappiness 金錢本身很少帶來幸福 Money assuch doesnotbringhappiness 金錢本身并不給人帶來快樂 3 表示 以某種身份 或資格 像所指的人 或事物 那樣 eg Sheisakindwomanandisknownassuch 她是位好心腸的女人 這是大家知道的 Heistheauthorofthearticle buthedoesnotdesiretobeknownassuch 他是文章的作者 但他不想讓人知道他是作者 than的用法 than可以作介詞 連詞 一 than作介詞 用于名詞 代詞前表比較 二 than作連詞 WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan EasternNebraska 1996 inB itreceivesinC doesD itdoesin Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan 1998 isnecessarybeingnecessarytobenecessaryD itisnecessary Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan inthepublicmindtoday 1999 existsB existC existingD toexist Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan 2002 A havebeenputinB beingputinC hasbeenputinD tobeputin Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully loadedtruck tothetruck 2003 A thegreaterstressisB greateristhestressC thestressisgreaterD thegreaterthestress 比較級的用法歸納 book3unit9 1 nomorethannotmorethanHehasnomorethanfivedollarsonhim 他身上僅有5美元 強(qiáng)調(diào)少 Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim 他身上帶的錢不超過5美元 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)額少于5美元 2 nomore better thannotmore better thanHeisnomorediligentthanyou 他不勤奮 你也不勤奮 兩人都不勤奮 含有消極否定的意思 Heisnotmorediligentthanyou 他沒有像你那樣勤奮 兩人都勤奮 但你更勤奮 含有積極 肯定的意思 表示程度上的差異 3 nootherthan nolessthan只有 正是 它常用來加強(qiáng)語氣 多用于書面語 TheLondonrestaurateurFuTongquotesnoother lessthananauthoritythanConfucius 4 與其說 不如說 的表述 more thanIt smoreapoemthanapicture notsomuch asIwasn tbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchashislackoftalent 我不是被他的噪聲打攪 而是因他缺乏天賦而生氣 Thelearningisnotsomuchtheacquisitionofinformationasitisaninvestigation