0118-制育秧缽機設(shè)計【全套6張CAD圖】

0118-制育秧缽機設(shè)計【全套6張CAD圖】,全套6張CAD圖,育秧,設(shè)計,全套,cad Low-cost wind power can provide a new wind turbine Abstract: The first generation of commercial proliferation of enhanced wind turbine (DAWT) in New Zealand has just begun trial operation two years, if the developers to achieve the expected results, this new design of wind machines to be significantly reduced cost of wind power. New Zealand in the distance about 100 km Aokelannan the Waikaretu on top of a hill, a revolutionary new wind turbine is a two-year trial operation. The wind machines and the appearance of conventional wind turbine completely different compared to its height of 17 m, much like a Juwu squatted on the Peak, and the conventional wind turbine is a slender body, tall and towering over the top of the hill. This is put into operation the first generation of commercial proliferation of enhanced wind turbine (DAWT: diffuser augmented wind turbine), if the developers to achieve the expected results, will lead to significant reduction in the cost of wind power. During the trial the new wind turbine technology, can also test the proliferation of Central Cover new materials, high-strength fibers to strengthen the steel reinforced concrete. Such wind turbine on the ground referred to as "concrete wind turbine." In business, it is called Vortec7 of wind machines, because it has a 7 m in diameter rotor. Wind machines from nearly 100 small investors, set up a private company - Vortec Energy Limited responsible for the design and construction, the company raised 3.5 million U.S. dollars development of the prototype. Vortec Energy Limited is currently being further raise about 700 million dollars to build two sets of rotor diameter of 20 m of the unit. One of the new units will be in areas of high wind speed test, probably in the vicinity of Wellington, New Zealand, the average wind speed in another area. South Australia state government said that the design has a lot of interest in Adelaide and will speed up the installation of an average wind speed near the crew, because the state government that is a rare wind of renewable energy, the need to promote technical breakthroughs-state advantage of the more Lower average wind speed resource development. Two new type of rotor diameter of 20 m of the unit after the successful operation, Vortec Energy Limited will consider the possibility of Nasdaq Stock Exchange. Vortec7 unit performance data show that the rotor diameter of 20 m below the design to 0.031 U.S. dollars / kWh the price of Internet access, it will enable New Zealand and wind power can compete existing power plants, and other new methods of power generation compared to more Competitive. If Vortec function of wind power generation in this price level, in the development of wind power will rapidly become a powerful new force. Vortec Energy Limited is the backing of entrepreneurs Robin Johannink, he successfully operating a series of operations, but also Pacific Lithium (an extract from seawater lithium companies) backing. Johannink, said Vortec technology is an international product, but the technology in the New Zealand stock market was on the recognition and attention is not too high, in this difficult market. Therefore Vortec Energy Limited is considering the Nasdaq in New York Stock Exchange listing is likely to achieve in 1999. A proliferation of technology U.S. aerospace giant Grumman Space Company (now Northrop Grumman Corporation) spent eight years developing the proliferation of technology and a proliferation of enhanced wind turbine technology patents. It was the spread of a detailed analysis of fluid dynamics and the use of a 5 m in the wind tunnel model confirmed the results. The proliferation of wind turbine rotor in the lower reaches, and its role as a wing, the rear rotor in a low-voltage parts. This "suction effect" effective in around the rotor speed multiplied. Conventional wind turbine rotor can only be effective use of wind around 60 percent.

show a pattern of proliferation. The proliferation of economy is the key to the lowest cost to maximize the size. Wind tunnel studies show that in 45-degree-proliferation structure, the wall of surface wind flow may be two slot maintained by the jet. In the prototype, the total size of the spread of further reduction, through the use of general and exports in diameter than 30 percent of the arc structure, enhance the hardness of Central enclosures. So that the design has been chosen to receive the minimum amount of material the size of the greatest proliferation. Vortec Energy Limited was awarded the Northrop Grumman Corporation with the proliferation of technology for a period of 20 years of global patents and 20 patents since the right to update the permit. Northrop Grumman Corporation to retain their own internal use of the proliferation of technology rather than enhance the commercial market for wind rights. Kenneth Foreman, former Grumman Space research team leader, Vortec Energy Corporation for technical advice, Vortec Energy Limited access to the Grumman Space Research Group eight years on all the records, test reports and patents. 2 materials technology Grumman Space Research Group in the development of proliferation-enhancing technologies in the face of a problem is that commercial-scale wind turbine materials must have high strength and long life, low cost features. Have aluminum, glass fiber, steel and reinforced concrete for the traditional assessment and accounting, but the wind can not meet the requirements of economic development. In all the assessment materials, the most desirable is reinforced concrete, but the use of traditional reinforced concrete, the size of the spread of the wind-rated output can only meet 70 kW. As small-scale units can not enhance the diffusion of technology business development. New Zealand in the use of reinforced concrete towers and the construction of ocean-going boats such equipment has a long history. On this basis, the structural engineer Alexander and Associates in 20 years has developed a new product - high-strength fibers to strengthen the steel reinforced concrete. This new material bending strength is three times the low-carbon steel, basically do not need maintenance. This new material could be economic to build the proliferation of larger, so that there is sufficient wind machines and conventional wind turbine output of the competition. Prototype rotor diameter of 7 m, height of 17 m, the highest output for 1 MW. Will be the construction of two units using the rotor diameter of 20 m, high 52 m, and efforts to 3 MW. The proliferation of the use of two-tier 3 m × 1m × 30mm of high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete slab of reinforced composite formed. First laminate along the complex framework of the necessary two-way Wancheng surface and fixed in place. The second laminate on top, bending, and then filling in the foundation board surface two-way lock. Qu then these panels bonded together, and the hardened edge of dealing with a proliferation of segment. Complete assembly of the proliferation of good before the Academy of Engineering, University of Auckland in the single-plate assembly and a good segment of the spread of the stress test samples. 3 equipment balance In addition to enhancing the proliferation of technology and materials technology, wind machines are all conventional. Rotor equipped with a fixed pitch of the four leaves, leaves for the welding of the steel structure, the surface material for glass fiber. David Brown through a rotor speed gearbox or a conventional driver's 1 200min-1, 400V of the ABB company's synchronous generator, inverter generators running. Rotor, gearbox and generator (

) from the U.S. New World Power Company (New World Power) to provide. Frequency AC-DC rectifier first, and then the inverter for AC 50 Hz, the step-up transformer into the local electricity company 11 kV power grid. Rectifier / converter equipment from Auckland company Santon Technology Co., Ltd. design and manufacture, the company battery chargers and speed drive manufacturers have years of experience. Taking into account the proliferation of size, needs a large and stable foundation to prevent the wind loads and seismic, Lodging. Equipment was installed to a large-diameter circular orbit, the wind machine can along its 360-degree rotation, the rotating device on track with the wind control system for electrical devices (

). This arrangement provides the foundation for stability. Because this type of wind turbine could avoid the proliferation of high winds and a protective cover from the rotor impact on the ability of strong winds, which do not need to control a simple design of the rotor blade pitch. This makes this type of wind turbine is very suitable for use in windy areas, and maintenance is very small. 4 design advantages The proliferation of enhanced wind machines compared with conventional wind turbine has many advantages, including: Low noise. Conventional wind turbine noise from the maximum speed at the top of the rotor and blade-through to the pillars. In Vortec unit, the rotor was a high-density material covered by the (proliferation of), which prevent the noise from the rotor end of the field radiation and therefore did not, as with conventional equipment, a major pillar of the noise. Less land. On the same terms of energy output, Vortec unit compared with conventional wind turbine requires less space, reducing the land purchase and rental costs. Without affecting the landscape. Vortec unit easily painted various colors, when watched from a distance when integrated with a variety of backgrounds, equipment Dunzuo the shape and undulating mountain village is coordination. Decay may gust. The proliferation of increase in output at the same time, but also as a way throttle, the peak wind gust decay, thus reducing the rotor to withstand the fluctuations and drive away from the stress. Birds less impact. Despite the wind function painted different colors to reduce the visual impact, but the bird flew near the very eye-catching, no birds impact of the rapidly rotating blades of the wind machine accident. Infrastructure costs and low-cost power generation. Wind machines use a very simple set pitch leaves, or do not need to pitch control brake control system. This will significantly reduce maintenance costs, particularly in New Zealand's strong winds, and the equipment available to ensure a high rate. 5 prospects Rotor diameter of 7 m prototype wind turbine will be conducted six months of trial operation, the control system carefully debug and verify the design parameters. Initial measurements showed that the wind turbine rotor wind speed increased about 1.72 times, and this Grumman Space Research Group in the calculation of 0.5 m and their model on the results of wind tunnel test match. Vortec Energy companies have access to New Zealand Science and Technology Research Fund of the Ministry of business development funding of about 350,000 U.S. dollars to pay for six months the cost of the trial period. Surveillance and testing programme of technical support from the Industrial Research Ltd (Industrial Research Ltd.) Advisory Group and the University of Auckland (Auckland Uniservices) provide, in addition to the invitation of the British wind energy consulting international experts Garrad Hassan independent inspection and monitoring unit Vortec7 the trial operation Plan. Table 1 gives the Vortec unit future development programmes. If the pilot programme of the results coincides with the expected future proliferation of enhanced wind machines will become a global wind power development plan a major part, can be widely used in other developing regions. Support the technology although investors to bear high-risk, but it may be high returns. 能提供低成本風(fēng)電的新型風(fēng)力機 - 【摘要】第一代商用擴散體增強型風(fēng)力機(DAWT)在新西蘭剛開始兩年試運行，如果開發(fā)者的預(yù)期結(jié)果得以實現(xiàn)，這種新設(shè)計的風(fēng)力機可促使風(fēng)電成本大幅度降低。 在距新西蘭奧克蘭南約100km的Waikaretu的一座小山頂上，一臺革命性的新型風(fēng)力機正在進行為期兩年的試運行。這座風(fēng)力機的外觀與常規(guī)風(fēng)力機相比完全不同，其高度為17m，很象一巨物蹲在山頂上，而常規(guī)風(fēng)力機則為一細(xì)長體，高高地矗立在山頂上。 這是投入運行的第一代商用擴散體增強型風(fēng)力機(DAWT: diffuser augmented wind turbine)，如果開發(fā)者的預(yù)期結(jié)果得以實現(xiàn)，將導(dǎo)致風(fēng)力發(fā)電成本大幅度降低。在試驗新的風(fēng)力機技術(shù)的同時，也可以試驗擴散體環(huán)罩的新材料、高強鋼絲纖維加強的鋼筋混凝土。此種風(fēng)力機在當(dāng)?shù)乇环Q為"混凝土風(fēng)力機"。在商業(yè)上，它被稱為Vortec7型風(fēng)力機，因為它有一個7m直徑的轉(zhuǎn)子。 風(fēng)力機由近100家小型投資商組建的私人公司-Vortec能源有限公司負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計和建設(shè)，該公司籌集了350萬美元開發(fā)原型機。Vortec能源有限公司目前正在進一步籌集約700萬美元，擬建設(shè)兩臺轉(zhuǎn)子直徑為20m的機組。其中一臺新機組將在高風(fēng)速地區(qū)試驗，很可能在新西蘭的惠靈頓附近，另一臺在平均風(fēng)速區(qū)。南澳大利亞州政府已對設(shè)計表示了很大的興趣并將在Adelaide附近加速安裝平均風(fēng)速機組，因為州政府認(rèn)為風(fēng)力是一種少有的可再生能源，需要從技術(shù)上突破來帶動州內(nèi)占優(yōu)勢的較低平均風(fēng)速資源的開發(fā)。 兩臺新型的轉(zhuǎn)子直徑20m的機組成功地運行后，Vortec能源有限公司將考慮在Nasdaq股票交易所上市的可能性。Vortec7機組的性能數(shù)據(jù)表明，轉(zhuǎn)子直徑20m的設(shè)計能夠以低于0.031美元/kWh的價格上網(wǎng)，它將使風(fēng)力發(fā)電可與新西蘭現(xiàn)有的電廠相競爭，與其它新的發(fā)電方式相比，更具競爭力。如果Vortec型風(fēng)力機能以這種價格水平發(fā)電，在風(fēng)電開發(fā)中它將迅速成為一股強大的新生力量。 Vortec能源有限公司的后盾是企業(yè)家Robin Johannink，他成功地經(jīng)營著一系列業(yè)務(wù)，也是Pacific Lithium公司（一家從海水中提取鋰的公司）的后盾。Johannink先生講Vortec技術(shù)是一項國際產(chǎn)品，但該技術(shù)在新西蘭股票市場上所獲得的認(rèn)可和重視還不太高，難以在此上市。因此Vortec能源有限公司正在考慮在紐約的Nasdaq交易所上市，很可能在1999年實現(xiàn)。 1 擴散體技術(shù) 美國的航天巨頭Grumman空間公司（現(xiàn)在的Northrop Grumman公司）花費了8年時間開發(fā)擴散體技術(shù)并擁有擴散體增強型風(fēng)力機技術(shù)的專利。它進行了擴散體流體動力學(xué)的詳細(xì)分析，并使用一5m的模型在風(fēng)洞中證實了分析結(jié)果。擴散體位于風(fēng)力機轉(zhuǎn)子的下游，其作用就象一個機翼，在轉(zhuǎn)子后部產(chǎn)生低壓部位。這種"抽吸效應(yīng)"有效地使轉(zhuǎn)子周圍的風(fēng)速成倍增加。常規(guī)的風(fēng)力機只能有效地利用轉(zhuǎn)子周圍風(fēng)速的60%左右。<圖01>示出了擴散體的流態(tài)。 擴散體經(jīng)濟性的關(guān)鍵在于以最低成本獲得最大的尺寸。風(fēng)洞研究表明在45度擴散體結(jié)構(gòu)中，內(nèi)壁附面流可由兩級風(fēng)槽射流所維持。在該原型中，擴散體的總尺寸進一步減少，通過采用總長與出口直徑比為30%的弧形結(jié)構(gòu)，環(huán)罩硬度增強。使已選擇的設(shè)計以最低的材料用量獲得了最大的擴散體尺寸。 Vortec能源有限公司獲得了Northrop Grumman公司頒發(fā)的擁有擴散體技術(shù)、為期20年的全球?qū)＠麢?quán)及此后20年專利更新權(quán)的許可證。Northrop Grumman公司保留了它們自己內(nèi)部使用擴散體增強技術(shù)而不用于風(fēng)能商業(yè)市場的權(quán)利。Kenneth Foreman,原Grumman空間公司研究小組的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，為Vortec Energy公司的技術(shù)咨詢，Vortec能源有限公司獲得了Grumman空間公司研究小組8年研究的所有記錄、試驗報告及專利。 2 材料技術(shù) Grumman空間研究小組在開發(fā)擴散體增強技術(shù)中所遇到的一個問題是商業(yè)規(guī)模風(fēng)力機材料必須具有強度高、壽命長、成本低的特點。曾對鋁、玻璃纖維、鋼和傳統(tǒng)鋼筋混凝土進行過評估和核算，但都不能滿足風(fēng)力機經(jīng)濟開發(fā)的要求。在所有評估的材料中，最可取的是鋼筋混凝土，但使用傳統(tǒng)的鋼筋混凝土，擴散體尺寸使風(fēng)力機額定出力只能達到70kW。由于機組規(guī)模太小無法對擴散體增強技術(shù)進行商業(yè)開發(fā)。 新西蘭在使用鋼筋混凝土建造水塔和遠洋快艇之類設(shè)備方面有悠久歷史。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)構(gòu)工程師Alexander和Associates在20年中開發(fā)了一種新型的產(chǎn)品-高強鋼絲纖維加強的鋼筋混凝土。這種新材料的抗彎強度是低碳鋼的3倍，基本上不需要維修。這種新材料可以經(jīng)濟地建造較大的擴散體，從而使風(fēng)力機有足夠的出力和常規(guī)風(fēng)力機相競爭。 原型機轉(zhuǎn)子直徑為7m，高度為17m，最高出力為1MW。將要建設(shè)的兩臺機組使用20m直徑的轉(zhuǎn)子，高52m，出力為3MW。 擴散體使用兩層3m×1m×30mm的高強鋼絲纖維加強的鋼筋混凝土板復(fù)合而成。第一層板沿著復(fù)雜的框架彎成所需的雙向曲面，并固定就位。第二層板放在頂部，彎曲成形，然后在基礎(chǔ)板上灌漿鎖定雙向曲面。再將這些曲面板粘結(jié)到一起，并對其邊緣進行硬化處理構(gòu)成擴散體扇形段。完整的擴散體裝配好之前，在奧克蘭大學(xué)工程院對單塊板和裝配好的擴散體扇形段樣品進行了應(yīng)力測試。 3 設(shè)備平衡 除了擴散體增強技術(shù)和材料技術(shù)外，風(fēng)力機全部是常規(guī)的。轉(zhuǎn)子配備有定節(jié)距的4個葉片，該葉片內(nèi)為焊接鋼架構(gòu)，表面材料為玻璃纖維。轉(zhuǎn)子通過一David Brown升速變速箱驅(qū)動一常規(guī)的1 200min-1、400V的ABB公司生產(chǎn)的同步發(fā)電機，發(fā)電機變頻運行。轉(zhuǎn)子、變速箱和發(fā)電機（<圖02>）由美國的新世界電力公司(New World Power)提供。 變頻交流電先整流成直流電，然后逆變?yōu)?0Hz的交流電，經(jīng)升壓變壓器送入當(dāng)?shù)仉娏镜?1kV電網(wǎng)。整流器/換流器設(shè)備由奧克蘭公司Santon技術(shù)有限公司設(shè)計和制造，該公司對電池充電器和變速驅(qū)動器的制造有多年經(jīng)驗。 考慮到擴散體的尺寸，需要一大型穩(wěn)定的地基防止在大風(fēng)載荷下和地震時倒伏。設(shè)備被安裝到一大直徑環(huán)行軌道上，風(fēng)力機可以沿它旋轉(zhuǎn)360度，軌道上的旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置裝有迎風(fēng)控制系統(tǒng)的電動裝置（<圖03>）。這種布置提供了穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)。 由于該種風(fēng)力機可以避開大風(fēng)且擴散體罩具有保護轉(zhuǎn)子不受大風(fēng)影響的能力，因而轉(zhuǎn)子設(shè)計簡單不需要控制葉片節(jié)距。這使得該種風(fēng)力機非常適合在大風(fēng)地區(qū)使用，且維修量很小。 4 設(shè)計的優(yōu)點 擴散體增強型風(fēng)力機與常規(guī)風(fēng)力機相比有許多優(yōu)點，包括： 噪音低。常規(guī)風(fēng)力機噪音來自速度最高的轉(zhuǎn)子頂部，并通過葉片傳向支柱。在Vortec機組中，轉(zhuǎn)子被一種高密度材料所覆蓋（擴散體），它防止了噪音從轉(zhuǎn)子末端向外輻射，因此沒有像用常規(guī)設(shè)備時大的支柱產(chǎn)生的噪音。 用地少。就同樣的能源輸出而言，Vortec機組與常規(guī)風(fēng)力機相比需要較少的用地，減少了土地購置和租用費用。 不影響景觀。Vortec機組很容易地涂上各種顏色，當(dāng)從遠距離觀看時能與各種背景相融合，設(shè)備蹲坐的外形與起伏的山村很協(xié)調(diào)。 可衰減陣風(fēng)。擴散體在增加出力的同時，也作為阻風(fēng)門，衰減陣風(fēng)的峰值，因而減少了轉(zhuǎn)子所承受的轉(zhuǎn)距波動和驅(qū)動器上的應(yīng)力。 鳥類撞擊少。盡管風(fēng)力機能涂上不同的顏色降低了視覺影響，但對于飛到附近的鳥類卻很醒目，不會出現(xiàn)鳥類撞擊快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)力機葉片的事故。 基建費用和發(fā)電成本低。風(fēng)力機使用了非常簡單的定節(jié)距葉片，不需要節(jié)距控制制動器或控制系統(tǒng)。這將大幅度降低維修費用，特別是在新西蘭的大風(fēng)地區(qū)，并將確保很高的設(shè)備可用率。 5 發(fā)展前景 轉(zhuǎn)子直徑為7m的原型風(fēng)力機將要進行6個月的試運行，對控制系統(tǒng)進行仔細(xì)調(diào)試并驗證設(shè)計參數(shù)。初步測量數(shù)據(jù)表明，風(fēng)力機轉(zhuǎn)子風(fēng)速增強了約1.72倍，這與Grumman空間公司研究小組的計算和它們在0.5m模型上進行的風(fēng)洞試驗結(jié)果相吻合。 Vortec Energy公司已獲得新西蘭科學(xué)與技術(shù)研究基金業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展部的資助約350000美元，用以支付6個月試驗期的費用。 監(jiān)視和試驗方案的技術(shù)支持由工業(yè)研究有限公司(Industrial Research Ltd.)和奧克蘭大學(xué)咨詢小組(Auckland Uniservices)提供，另外還邀請了英國國際風(fēng)能咨詢專家Garrad Hassan獨立檢驗和監(jiān)督Vortec7機組的試運行計劃。 表1給出了Vortec機組未來的開發(fā)方案。 如果試驗方案產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果與預(yù)期的相吻合，將來擴散體增強型風(fēng)力機將成為全球風(fēng)電開發(fā)方案的一個主要部分，可廣泛用于其它待開發(fā)的地區(qū)。支持該技術(shù)的投資者雖承受高風(fēng)險，但它可能獲得高的回報。