0118-制育秧缽機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)【全套6張CAD圖】
0118-制育秧缽機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)【全套6張CAD圖】,全套6張CAD圖,育秧,設(shè)計(jì),全套,cad
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目 制育秧缽機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
一、 題依據(jù)及意義?
本次設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了能綜合運(yùn)用本專業(yè)所學(xué)知識(shí),融會(huì)貫通。鞏固大學(xué)四年來(lái)所學(xué)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí),并運(yùn)用所學(xué)的冷沖機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí),解決機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題,提高分析問(wèn)題,解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力.?
目前,建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村是我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)政策。在建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的生產(chǎn)效率、降低農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的成本是不容忽略的。從這一個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō),本課題制育秧缽機(jī)的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)響應(yīng)國(guó)家政策,是有利于農(nóng)村發(fā)展的,具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展前景。
另一方面,通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)提高外語(yǔ)、專業(yè)、計(jì)算機(jī)的綜合能力,創(chuàng)新開(kāi)發(fā)研究能力及嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓ぷ髯黠L(fēng),提高實(shí)際工作能力。著重是培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)獨(dú)立分析、設(shè)計(jì)、解決實(shí)際生產(chǎn)問(wèn)題和其它一些綜合能力,特別是工作能力,養(yǎng)成良好的工作態(tài)度、工作作風(fēng)。另外,還可進(jìn)一步熟悉有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范,能夠熟練使用有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)和熟悉編寫(xiě)技術(shù)文件和設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū),進(jìn)一步提高科技寫(xiě)作的能力,加強(qiáng)對(duì)沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)的了解。
本次設(shè)計(jì),根據(jù)給定的舊式育秧缽機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu),分析其工藝性及經(jīng)濟(jì)性,創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)新的更合理的育秧缽機(jī)。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,先進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)研,全面了解育秧缽機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和主要技術(shù)參數(shù),從而使我在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中具有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性,才能在設(shè)計(jì)正確合理的基礎(chǔ)上敢于創(chuàng)新。
二、 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)張趨勢(shì)(含文獻(xiàn)綜述)
(一)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況
中國(guó)是個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中培育良好的秧苗是一個(gè)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。育苗技術(shù)是農(nóng)業(yè)科技一直關(guān)注的。隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的發(fā)展,良好的育苗器械是培育好育苗的關(guān)鍵。因此育秧缽機(jī)的研究與發(fā)展在近些年取得了顯著的成就。下面是對(duì)育秧缽機(jī)相關(guān)資料的整理。?
1.浙江理工大學(xué)機(jī)械工程系博士研究生楊文珍對(duì)圓盤(pán)式精密播種制缽機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。針對(duì)圓盤(pán)式精密播種制缽機(jī)缽體的定位精確、沖壓機(jī)構(gòu)和缽盤(pán)機(jī)構(gòu)之間運(yùn)動(dòng)配合緊湊,易發(fā)生干涉等問(wèn)題,在分析圓盤(pán)式精密播種制缽機(jī)工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合新的精密播種制缽工序,對(duì)制缽機(jī)的沖壓機(jī)構(gòu)和缽盤(pán)機(jī)構(gòu)分別進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)分析;研究?jī)烧叩呐浜弦?guī)律,推導(dǎo)出相應(yīng)的位移方程,并在VB6.0平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真模擬,得到了避免機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)生干涉條件和滿足機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)要求的參數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了圓盤(pán)式精密播種制缽機(jī)的精密播種和營(yíng)養(yǎng)缽體制造功能。機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真表明:沖壓制缽的時(shí)間在一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)周期內(nèi)所占的比例應(yīng)少于58.4%,制缽機(jī)可以避免干涉,實(shí)現(xiàn)精密播種和制造營(yíng)養(yǎng)缽。
2.上海市農(nóng)機(jī)局的下屬農(nóng)機(jī)研究所研制的ZB810型棉花育苗制缽機(jī),機(jī)構(gòu)緊湊、性能良好、適應(yīng)田間作業(yè)。制成的缽體表面光滑、外緊內(nèi)松、符合農(nóng)業(yè)要求。育苗移栽后的棉花可全苗早發(fā),增加伏前桃和伏桃,比其他移苗增產(chǎn)20%以上,勞動(dòng)效率提高1-2倍。
3.我國(guó)制育秧缽機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程和美國(guó)、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有一定的距離。我國(guó)在70年代才開(kāi)始研制水稻傳統(tǒng)育秧的半機(jī)械化及機(jī)械化插秧機(jī)和拔秧機(jī)。80年代后,引進(jìn)日本技術(shù),研制了帶土苗育秧和插秧機(jī)械,而對(duì)播種機(jī)械研究較少。
4.隨著機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展及加工技術(shù)與工藝的現(xiàn)代化,出現(xiàn)了輕便,可在不同時(shí)制育各種秧苗的制缽機(jī)。EB-42型制缽機(jī)邊是其代表,這中制缽機(jī)是棉花、玉米、烤煙和蔬菜等農(nóng)作物實(shí)施營(yíng)?養(yǎng)缽育苗移栽機(jī)械化技術(shù)的先進(jìn)適用機(jī)具,屬于種植業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械。該機(jī)由?減速機(jī)構(gòu)、攪土機(jī)構(gòu)、間歇定位機(jī)構(gòu)、曲柄滑塊沖壓等機(jī)構(gòu)組成。
(二)新老育缽機(jī)的比較
?????? 育秧缽最早是用手工制造的,其步驟如下:
(1) 將肥料和土壤攪拌均勻,用篩子篩細(xì);
(2) 將上述土壤放入一個(gè)模子中;
(3) 用一沖頭將土壤沖緊,沖頭下部有一凸頭;
(4) 再將模子托起,育秧缽被沖出;
1.老式制缽機(jī)
這種制作方法很像制作蜂窩煤。它的動(dòng)作過(guò)程是這樣的:電動(dòng)機(jī)1?經(jīng)帶傳動(dòng)、齒輪傳動(dòng)將動(dòng)力和運(yùn)動(dòng)傳給齒輪7。齒輪7一方面通過(guò)偏心銷使運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)由連桿8傳動(dòng)滑動(dòng)支架作上下移動(dòng),另方面齒輪7又由一對(duì)錐齒輪將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳到端面凸輪離合器11(它和軸用導(dǎo)向鍵聯(lián)接,不僅能隨陬轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),而且還能在軸上移動(dòng))。若端面凸輪在旁邊固定著的從動(dòng)滾子10的強(qiáng)制下,向上抬起并壓縮彈簧,離合器11就處在脫開(kāi)狀態(tài),在其下面的齒輪9(和軸空套)就不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)端面凸輪繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)到凸輪凹面與從動(dòng)滾子10接觸時(shí),端面凸輪就會(huì)在彈簧力的作用下向下推移。是離合器嚙合,運(yùn)動(dòng)就經(jīng)過(guò)齒輪9帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)到一定位置時(shí),凸輪會(huì)再次轉(zhuǎn)到凸輪面與滑輪接觸,此時(shí)凸輪又會(huì)在滑輪的強(qiáng)制下使離合器再次脫開(kāi),齒輪9就會(huì)停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。這一過(guò)程恰好轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)60°,而被定位銷20銷住,也就是在轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)停頓的時(shí)間里,滑動(dòng)支架正好帶著固定在它上面的壓緊沖頭和沖出沖頭在??字凶饕淮紊舷峦鶑?fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),以完成壓緊和沖出一只育秧缽的過(guò)程。
???這種制缽機(jī)有如下的缺點(diǎn):
(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、零件較多;
(2) 容易損壞、不易維修;
(3) 造價(jià)較高。
2..新方案的形成???
在設(shè)計(jì)新的制缽機(jī)時(shí)有下面幾點(diǎn)值得改進(jìn):
(1) 育秧缽機(jī)的壓制壓力較小,用手制造時(shí)估計(jì)沖擊壓力約為100公斤左右,故壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)可以設(shè)計(jì)得簡(jiǎn)單一些;
(2) 老式制缽機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)是間歇運(yùn)動(dòng),是靠端面凸輪離合器實(shí)現(xiàn)的。凸輪每轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)60°就停頓一次,機(jī)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,凸輪不易制作,且容易失效,造價(jià)也高。如果有辦法在轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的同時(shí)進(jìn)行壓緊和沖出動(dòng)作,就可以取消定位裝置和端面凸輪離合器專職,這樣,動(dòng)作和機(jī)構(gòu)都比較簡(jiǎn)單、也不容易失效;
(3) 攪拌叉19可以直接裝在齒輪9的軸上、省掉一對(duì)錐齒輪;
(4) 用轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)的方法將模孔轉(zhuǎn)位,此方法比較見(jiàn)大,應(yīng)該保留;
(5) 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單,如有可能當(dāng)然還可以設(shè)計(jì)得更簡(jiǎn)單一些。
???這樣,在參考老式制缽機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上加以改進(jìn),就形成了一個(gè)新?的設(shè)計(jì)方法。
3、 研究?jī)?nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案
1.研究?jī)?nèi)容
電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇,傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì),執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及設(shè)備零部件等的設(shè)計(jì)。
2.實(shí)驗(yàn)方案
(1)先查閱相關(guān)資料,掌握育秧缽機(jī)的大體機(jī)構(gòu);
(2)對(duì)其運(yùn)動(dòng)及受力參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算;
(3)主要零件的強(qiáng)度校核;
四、目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度
目標(biāo):1)每小時(shí)能生產(chǎn)3000個(gè)左右;2)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、體積小、拖動(dòng)功率小、維修方便、造價(jià)低。
主要特色:
結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、生產(chǎn)效率高、拆裝方便、較好的制造工藝,性能穩(wěn)定。
工作進(jìn)度:
1、 收集資料、外文資料翻譯、開(kāi)題報(bào)告 (第1周—第2周)
2、 傳動(dòng)方案的確定 (第3周—第4周)
3、 參數(shù)確定及設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 (第5周—第7周)
4、 制育秧缽機(jī)裝配圖設(shè)計(jì)及零部件圖設(shè)計(jì) (第8周—第15周)
5、 撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 (第8周—第15周)
五、參考文獻(xiàn)
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浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(農(nóng)業(yè)與生命科學(xué)版)31(3):346~350,2005
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[3] 韓豹,馬守義,韓許.2Z-2型玉米缽育苗移栽機(jī)的研制.現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè).1996(11):1~3
[4] 楊文珍,趙勻,李革,俞高紅.播種制缽機(jī)的研究與展望.農(nóng)機(jī)化研究.20031(1):56~57
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[6] Patton W.J. Mechanical Power Transmission .New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1980
[7] 濮量貴,紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).7版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[8] Mechanical Drive (Reference Issue).Machine Design. 52(14), 1980
[9] 龐啟淮.小功率電動(dòng)機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)手冊(cè).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1996
[10] 王世剛,張秀親,苗淑杰.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐.哈爾濱:哈爾濱工程大學(xué)出版社,2003
[11] 徐灝.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).2版. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2001
[12] 陸玉,何在洲,佟延偉.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì).3版. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000
[13] 孫桓,陳作模主編.機(jī)械原理.6版. 北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[14] 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編委會(huì).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).新版.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004
[15] 林景凡,王世剛,李世恒.互換性與質(zhì)量控制基礎(chǔ). 北京:中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1999
[16] 劉鴻文.材料力學(xué).3版. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992
制育秧缽機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
摘要:老式制育秧缽機(jī)由蜂窩煤成型機(jī)改進(jìn)得來(lái),體積龐大,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,成本高,效率低。本設(shè)計(jì)從老式制育秧缽機(jī)出發(fā),在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)上都做了很大的改進(jìn)。本機(jī)每小時(shí)能生產(chǎn)3000個(gè)缽體,可廣泛應(yīng)用于玉米、蔬菜、瓜果等秧苗的制缽。該機(jī)采用單相電動(dòng)機(jī)做動(dòng)力源,可在廣大的農(nóng)村使用,不用擔(dān)心需要較高的動(dòng)力電壓的問(wèn)題。文中較詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)了制育秧缽機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),對(duì)各個(gè)零件做了具體的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)受載荷較大的零件進(jìn)行了精確的校核。包括齒輪、帶輪、軸和軸承等零部件的校核。該機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)大量運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,大大縮短了設(shè)計(jì)工作量和降低了生產(chǎn)制造周期及成本。主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容有:方案的確定;電機(jī)的選擇;各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速、功率和轉(zhuǎn)矩計(jì)算;帶、齒輪、及錐齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算;軸的最小直徑;帶、齒輪、及錐齒輪的尺寸計(jì)算以及方案圖、裝配圖和零件圖的繪制。
關(guān)鍵詞:制育秧缽機(jī) 缽體 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)
Design of the legacy of seedlings
Abstract: The old system of seedlings from the legacy of improvement in the briquettes machine, the size, structure complex, high cost and low efficiency. The design of the legacy from the old system of starting seedlings in the transmission system and executing agencies have done on a lot of improvement. The machine can produce per hour legacy of 4000, can be widely applied to corn, vegetables, fruits and other seedlings of the legacy system. The aircraft uses a single-phase motors to power source, can be used in the vast rural areas, need not worry about a higher power voltage problem. In a more detailed design of the system for the seedlings Bowl drive system and implementing agencies, the various parts to do a specific size of the structure design, and in the larger load of spare parts for the precise calibration. Including gear, pulley, and axle bearings and other parts of the check. The extensive use of the aircraft design standard parts, greatly reducing the workload of the design and lower manufacturing costs and manufacturing cycle. Main design elements include: the determination of the project, choice of Motor and the speed of every axial, the calculation of power and torque, the design and calculation of the belt or gear and the Bevel gear, the smallest diameter of axis, calculation to the size of belt wheel and gears and Bevel gear and protracting the drawing of the project and the assemblage and the part.
Key words: the legacy of the legacy of seedlings Bowl transmission system Implementing agencies
Signature of the Supervisor:
II
Low-cost wind power can provide a new wind turbine
Abstract: The first generation of commercial proliferation of enhanced wind turbine (DAWT) in New Zealand has just begun trial operation two years, if the developers to achieve the expected results, this new design of wind machines to be significantly reduced cost of wind power.
New Zealand in the distance about 100 km Aokelannan the Waikaretu on top of a hill, a revolutionary new wind turbine is a two-year trial operation. The wind machines and the appearance of conventional wind turbine completely different compared to its height of 17 m, much like a Juwu squatted on the Peak, and the conventional wind turbine is a slender body, tall and towering over the top of the hill.
This is put into operation the first generation of commercial proliferation of enhanced wind turbine (DAWT: diffuser augmented wind turbine), if the developers to achieve the expected results, will lead to significant reduction in the cost of wind power. During the trial the new wind turbine technology, can also test the proliferation of Central Cover new materials, high-strength fibers to strengthen the steel reinforced concrete. Such wind turbine on the ground referred to as "concrete wind turbine." In business, it is called Vortec7 of wind machines, because it has a 7 m in diameter rotor.
Wind machines from nearly 100 small investors, set up a private company - Vortec Energy Limited responsible for the design and construction, the company raised 3.5 million U.S. dollars development of the prototype. Vortec Energy Limited is currently being further raise about 700 million dollars to build two sets of rotor diameter of 20 m of the unit. One of the new units will be in areas of high wind speed test, probably in the vicinity of Wellington, New Zealand, the average wind speed in another area. South Australia state government said that the design has a lot of interest in Adelaide and will speed up the installation of an average wind speed near the crew, because the state government that is a rare wind of renewable energy, the need to promote technical breakthroughs-state advantage of the more Lower average wind speed resource development.
Two new type of rotor diameter of 20 m of the unit after the successful operation, Vortec Energy Limited will consider the possibility of Nasdaq Stock Exchange. Vortec7 unit performance data show that the rotor diameter of 20 m below the design to 0.031 U.S. dollars / kWh the price of Internet access, it will enable New Zealand and wind power can compete existing power plants, and other new methods of power generation compared to more Competitive. If Vortec function of wind power generation in this price level, in the development of wind power will rapidly become a powerful new force.
Vortec Energy Limited is the backing of entrepreneurs Robin Johannink, he successfully operating a series of operations, but also Pacific Lithium (an extract from seawater lithium companies) backing. Johannink, said Vortec technology is an international product, but the technology in the New Zealand stock market was on the recognition and attention is not too high, in this difficult market. Therefore Vortec Energy Limited is considering the Nasdaq in New York Stock Exchange listing is likely to achieve in 1999.
A proliferation of technology
U.S. aerospace giant Grumman Space Company (now Northrop Grumman Corporation) spent eight years developing the proliferation of technology and a proliferation of enhanced wind turbine technology patents. It was the spread of a detailed analysis of fluid dynamics and the use of a 5 m in the wind tunnel model confirmed the results. The proliferation of wind turbine rotor in the lower reaches, and its role as a wing, the rear rotor in a low-voltage parts. This "suction effect" effective in around the rotor speed multiplied. Conventional wind turbine rotor can only be effective use of wind around 60 percent.
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