中考英語 考點聚焦 第24講 代詞和連詞課件.ppt
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第24講 代詞和連詞,代 詞 【名題實戰(zhàn)】 1.I don't like __ __ watch.I like ________.(2015,天津) A.me;your B.my;your C.me;yours D.my;yours 2.We can't do it that way——but whether it will work is __ __ matter.(2015,安徽) A.other B.another C.each D.every,D,B,3.Our teacher was very happy because __ __ failed the examination.(2015,江西) A.somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybody 4.All of us find __ __ necessary to take exercise every day.(2015,克拉瑪依) A.this B.that C.them D.it 5.Hurry up,kids!The school bus is coming.We have __ __ time left.(2015,廣州) A.few B.a few C.little D.a little,B,D,C,【考點梳理】 甘肅各地市英語中考中,代詞也是考查的重點之一??忌獜囊韵聨追矫鎭磉M行復習: 1.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法; 2.it,one(s),that,those等作替代詞的用法; 3.指示代詞,疑問代詞,反身代詞的用法; 4.不定代詞的用法。尤其是all,both,either,neither,none,another,the other,some,others,the others等的用法。,高頻考向一 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞 1.人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化;人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語,賓格用作賓語,這一考點成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一,并且越來越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見下表:,注:①人稱代詞作并列主語時的排列順序: 單數(shù)形式:you and I;you,he and I; 復數(shù)形式:we and you;we and they;we,you and they。 但承擔責任時總是第一人稱在前。 ②及物動詞和介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格,尤其要注意并列賓語。,2.表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見下表:,形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞,可在句中作定語。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。如: My books are on the desk.Where is yours? 我的書在桌子上,你的書在哪里?,3.反身代詞是人稱代詞的強調形式,一般用在賓語和主語是同一個人的情況下,或用來強調某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加-self,復數(shù)后加-selves;不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語中用來表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我們自己”,“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語,表語,同位語。 具體變化見下表:,反身代詞的常見搭配: ①enjoy oneself玩得高興,過得愉快 ②hurt oneself傷著自己 ③teach oneself = learn.by oneself自學 ④(all) by oneself (完全)獨立地 ⑤help oneself to請自便,隨便吃…… ⑥look after oneself自理,照顧自己 ⑦leave one by oneself把……單獨留下 ⑧l(xiāng)ose oneself in陶醉于……,沉浸于……,【例1】 Uncle Tom will come to visit ________ next Saturday.(2015,濟寧) A.we B.us C.our D.ours 解析:動詞visit后跟人稱代詞的賓格形式。 答案:__B__,【例2】 This is ________ school bag.________ is on the desk.(2014,賀州) A.your;Mine B.yours;Mine C.my;You D.your;My 解析:第一個空在句中作定語,修飾后面的名詞school bag,故用形容詞性的物主代詞;第二個空在句中作主語,且后面不能接名詞,故應用名詞性物主代詞。 答案:__A__ 【例3】 Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by ________. A.I B.me C.my D.myself 解析:此題考查反身代詞的用法,根據(jù)句意得知“我自己自學”。 答案:__D__,高頻考點二 不定代詞 1.普通不定代詞的用法 ①some與any some和any均表示“一些”,既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。但在疑問句中,當表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達請求、建議時應用some。 ②many與much many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),還可以與表示程度的副詞so,too,as,how連用。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也可以與表示程度的副詞so,too,as,how連用。,③either與neither either指兩個人或物中的一個;neither指兩個人或物中一個也不,常構成固定搭配either/neither of+名詞/代詞的復數(shù)+謂語動詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式);當either.or.和neither.nor.連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞應與離它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 ④both與all both表示“兩者都”,常與and連用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常與of連用。,⑤each與every each和every都表示“每一個”。each強調個體,當它作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;every強調整體情況;修飾名詞時謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外,each可指兩個或兩個以上的人或物,而every只可指三個或三個以上的人或物。 ⑥(a) few與(a) little (a) few和(a) little具有名詞或形容詞的性質,在句中可作主語、賓語、定語等。(a) few與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用;(a) little與不可數(shù)名詞連用。few和little表示否定,指“幾乎沒有”,在反意疑問句中尤其要注意;a few和a little指“有一些”,相當于some。,⑦other,the other,others與another other作形容詞,意為“別的,其他的”,常用在單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞的前面;the other表示已知兩個人或事物中的另外一個,表示特指,常與one連用;others表示泛指,意為“其他的人或物”,常用于“some.,others.”結構中;the others表示特指,意為“其他的人或物”;another表示三者或三者以上的另外一個。,2.復合不定代詞的用法 ①在反意疑問句中,當陳述部分的主語是指人的復合不定代詞,如everybody,nobody,anyone等時,疑問部分的主語通常用代詞they;當陳述部分的主語是指物的復合不定代詞,如everything,anything,something,nothing等時,疑問部分的主語通常用代詞it。 ②當形容詞或else修飾復合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時,形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。 ③everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,還可以和of連用。,【例4】 —Your tea smells great!(2013,蘇州) —It's from India.Would you like ________? A.it B.this C.some D.little 解析:根據(jù)對話內容可知,是向對方提供喝的東西,并希望得到肯定回答。 答案:__C__,【例5】 —Would you like some more noodles,Celia? —Yes,just ________,please. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 解析:few和a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞,little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)noodles可判斷修飾的是可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)句意“還要一點”,表示肯定意義。 答案:__A__,【例6】—What would you like,tea or coffee? —________,thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.(2015,福州) A.Both B.Neither C.Either 解析:根據(jù)句意得知“茶與咖啡都不要”,表示兩者都不要。 答案:__B__ 【例7】 My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with tree and flowers on ________ sides of the road.(2015,泰安) A.all B.both C.neither D.either 解析:根據(jù)句意在馬路兩邊,sides表示復數(shù)。 答案:__B__,【例8】There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.(2015,長沙) A.anything B.something C.nothing 解析:anything一般用于否定句或疑問句,故排除A;根據(jù)It hurts seriouly.得知背部疼痛有疾病。 答案:__B__ 【例9】—Is New Zealand a big country? —No,New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island,________ is South Island. A.other B.the other C.another D.others 解析:表示兩者中的另外一個,常用one.,the other.結構。 答案:__B__,高頻考點三 指示代詞 指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。 ①this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those則指在時間或空間上較遠的事物或人。 ②有時that和those指前面提到過的事物,this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如: I had a cold.That's why I didn't come. ③有時為了避免重復提到的名詞,??捎胻hat或those代替。如: Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. ④this在電話用語中代表自己,that則代表對方。如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,【例9】 —Hello,is that Betty speaking? —Yes.________.(2016,原創(chuàng)) A.This is Betty B.I'm Betty C.You are Betty D.That's Betty 解析:電話用語中用this is.表達“我是……”。 答案:__A__,高頻考點四 疑問代詞、關系代詞 疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如: Who is going to come here tomorrow?(作主語) What is that?(作表語) Whose umbrella is this?(作定語) Whom are you waiting for?(作賓語),疑問代詞與關系代詞的區(qū)別: ①疑問代詞通常位于句首,引出特殊疑問句。 ②關系代詞用來引導賓語從句或定語從句。what不能用在定語從句中充當關系代詞,但that可用在定語從句中作關系代詞。賓語從句中的關系代詞與疑問代詞一致。 ③無論是疑問代詞還是關系代詞,which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定范圍內。如: Which books do you like best?你最喜歡哪幾本書? What books do you like best?你最喜歡什么樣的書?,④whom是who的賓格,在口語中作賓語時,也可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom。如: Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到誰了? For whom are you waiting?你在等誰?,【例11】—________ father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood yesterday? —Peter's.(2015,上海) A.Whose B.What C.Which D.Who 解析:詢問某人的。 答案:__A__,【例12】 —________ did you work out the problem in such a short time?(2015,重慶) —With Mr.Li's help. A.When B.Where C.How D.Which 解析:根據(jù)句意得知詢問怎樣在這么短的時間內算出這道題,提問的是方式。 答案:__C__,一、單項選擇。 1.I always believe that __ __ is difficult if we try our best to do it.(2015,重慶B卷) A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 2.My mother used to make breakfast for __ __ every morning,but now I do it myself.(2015,重慶A/C卷) A.mine B.my C.I D.me,D,D,3.The dog __ __ played with you just now is ________. A.which;mine B.which;my C.what;mine D.what;my 4.There are enough cups for each visitor to have __ __. A.one B.it C.this D.that 5.Here are some __ __.Do you like ________?(2015,安順) A.oranges;them B.orange;it C.oranges;they D.oranges;their,A,A,A,二、根據(jù)句意及漢語提示填寫單詞。 6.Lucy often learns French by ________(自己) after school. 7.Although ________(兩者都不) of her parents had gone to college,she was really good at studying. 8.May I use your mobile phone?______ (我的) is at home. 9.This shirt doesn't fit me well.Can you show me ________(另一個) one? 10.—For ______(什么) are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition,Amy? —To learn about different styles of school uniform.,herself,neither,Mine,another,what,【名題實戰(zhàn)】 1.—Excuse me,may I come in? —Not yet.Please wait on your chair __ __ your name is called.(2015,呼和浩特) A.and B.until C.after D.since 2.Practice more,__ __ you'll learn English better.(2015,濟寧) A.or B.so C.and D.but 3.He hasn't got any hobbies,__ __ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015,蘇州) A.while B.unless C.as D.if,B,C,B,4.There will be less pollution __ __ more people use public transportation.(2015,江西) A.but B.though C.unless D.if 5.She still failed in the exam,__ __ she tried her best.(2015,克拉瑪依) A.though B.because C.if D.or,D,A,【考點梳理】 甘肅各地市英語中考對連詞的考查內容主要是連詞的基本用法和一些常見近義連詞的辨析,大多數(shù)情況下是將連詞放在并列句和復合句中。此類題目難度較低,同學們只需記住相應的連詞并略加分析即可得出正確答案。,高頻考點一 并列連詞 1.表示平行或承接關系的:and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,as well as等;表示轉折關系的:but,yet,while,however等;表示選擇關系的:or,either.or.,not.but.;表示因果關系的:for,so等。 2.both.and.連接主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;neither.nor.,not only.but also.,either.or.連接主語時,謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”;as well as連接主語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。so與because,but與although/though不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中,二者只能選其一;and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句或選擇疑問句中。,【例1】 Going to the movies is good,________ I really only like listening to music.(2015,安徽) A.and B.but C.so D.or 解析:根據(jù)句意得知“看電影很好,但是我只喜歡聽音樂?!北磙D折。 答案:__B__ 【例2】You'd better take care,________ you will hurt your eyes.(2015,重慶A/C卷) A.so B.but C.or D.and 解析:由語境可知句意為“你最好小心,否則你會傷到自己的眼睛。” 答案:__C__,【例3】—How do you like the two pairs of shorts? —They didn't fit me well.They are ________ too long ________ too short.(2014,濱州) A.not only;but also B.both;and C.neither;nor D.either;or 解析:由答句前半句推知后半句句意為“他們不是太長就是太短”。not only.but also不但……而且……;both.and.兩者都;neither.nor.既不……也不……;either.or.不是……就是……。 答案:__D__,高頻考點二 從屬連詞 從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。 1.引導名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)的從屬連詞有that,whether,if (是否),as if;連接代詞有who,whom,whose,which,what等;連接副詞有when,where,how,why等。,2.引導狀語從句的從屬連詞 ①引導時間狀語從句的連詞有:when,while,as,until/till,as soon as,before,after等。 特別提示:while與as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用;若as soon as引導的時間狀語從句中主句用一般將來時,則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。 ②引導目的狀語從句的連詞有so,so that,in order that,in case等。 ③引導原因狀語從句的連詞有:because,as,for,since等。,④引導結果狀語從句的連詞有:so.that,such.that等,so修飾形容詞或副詞。such修飾名詞,當名詞前面有many,much,few或little修飾時,應用so。 ⑤引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有:although,though,however(=no matter how),even if/though等。 ⑥引導比較狀語從句的連詞有:as,than,as.as,not so/as.as等。 ⑦引導條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless,as/so long as等。 ⑧引導地點狀語從句的連詞有:where,wherever。,高頻考點二 序數(shù)詞 1.序數(shù)詞的構成 ①序數(shù)詞多數(shù)是由“基數(shù)詞+th”構成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。 ②以y結尾的整十的數(shù)詞,先將y改為i,再加-eth。如:fifty→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。 ③21以上的非整十的數(shù)詞,將末位數(shù)(即個位數(shù))改為序數(shù)詞,其他的位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞。如: twenty-one→twenty-first,thirty-two→thirty-second,two hundred and ninety-eight→two hundred and ninety-eighth等。,【例4】Some people won't realize the importance of their health ________ they have lost it.(2015,自貢) A.when B.until C.after 解析:由句意可知:很多人直到失去健康才知道它的重要性。 答案:__B__ 【例5】Learning to write is learning to think.You will know things more clearly ________ you write them down.(2015,武威) A.or B.unless C.if D.whether 解析:根據(jù)句意:如果你把它們寫下來,你就會了解得更清楚。 答案:__C__,【例6】 —May I go to the movies with you? —I'm afraid not ________ you have a ticket.Because I have only one.(2014,益陽) A.if B.unless C.though 解析:由答語后半句“我只有一張票”可推知前句應為“我恐怕你不能,除非你有一張票?!眎f“如果”;unless“除非”;though“盡管;雖然”。 答案:__B__,【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life ________ he has much money.(2014,孝感) A.because B.so C.though D.if 解析:由前半句“他的爺爺過著簡樸的生活”和后半句“他有很多錢”可知,前后在語意上存在轉折關系,故此處應用though引導的讓步狀語從句。 答案:__C__ 【例8】Miss Lin has taught us English ________ we came to this school.(2015,重慶B卷) A.for B.since C.before D.when 解析:根據(jù)句意:自從她來這所學校就一直教我們英語。 答案:__B__,一、單項選擇。 1.Julie didn't leave her office __ __ the police arrived.(2015,重慶A/C卷) A.however B.whenever C.while D.until 2.Betty hasn't got any hobbies __ __ you call sleeping a hobby. A.when B.because C.before D.unless 3.—Did you catch the first subway this morning? —No,I didn't.It had started moving __ __ I could get on it.(2015,襄陽) A.before B.since C.after D.as soon as,D,D,A,4.Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower __ __ he has breakfast.(2015,溫州) A.though B.before C.because D.since 5.I think you should complain,__ __,of course,you are happy with the situation.(2015,無錫) A.unless B.however C.until D.though 6.We didn't enjoy the day __ __ the weather was so bad.(2015,杭州) A.because B.though C.unless D.till 7.__ __ my cousin is very young,________ she can help with the housework.(2015,福州) A.Once;不填 B.Though;but C.Although;不填,B,A,A,C,8.__ __ the dinner was all over,everyone helped wash the dishes.(2015,天津) A.How B.When C.Before D.Why 9.Rose,you are so thin.You should eat more,__ __ you'll make yourself ill.(2015,安順) A.or B.if C.and D.but 10.Be careful,__ __you'll make fewer mistakes in the exam.(2015,三亞) A.or B.but C.and D.so,B,A,C,二、同義句轉換,每空一詞(含縮略形式)。 11.If you are not quick,you will be late for school. Be quick,____ you will be late for school. 12.If he studies hard,he will pass the exam. ______ he studies hard,he will not pass the exam. 13.Mr. Wang does well in English.He does well in French,too. Mr.Wang does well in _____ English _____ French. 14.It was such a hot day that we went swimming. It was _______ that we went swimming. 15.I went to bed after I finished washing the clothes. I ______ go to bed ___________ I finished washing the clothes.,or,Unless,both,and,so hot,didn't,before/until,- 配套講稿:
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