高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt
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非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,知識(shí)梳理,必備清單,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能歸納,考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ) 1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,往往用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)。 (1) 不定式用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ):作目的狀語(yǔ) 時(shí),不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常也是全句 的主語(yǔ),這里往往譯作“為了,想要”。,特別提示: 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式可用in order to/so as to+動(dòng)詞原形,但so as to不用于句首。 (2) 不定式用來(lái)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 時(shí),常用于so.as to.,such.as to., enough to.,too.to.,only to等結(jié)構(gòu) 中。,George returned after the war, only _____ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 選A。only to do sth. 在此表示“令人不快的結(jié)果”,又因tell與George之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。,特別提示: 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示意想不到的結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。,(3) 不定式用來(lái)作原因狀語(yǔ): 不定式與形容詞連用時(shí),大多表示原因,用來(lái)作原因狀語(yǔ)。這些形容詞主要有:happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,disappointed等,2. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) (1) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況;其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者,過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。,(2) 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句首; 作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句末; 作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句末,有時(shí)也放在句首; 作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句首,有時(shí)也放在句末。,特別提示: 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞,取決于該動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),與句子主語(yǔ)之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),句子主語(yǔ)與它之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系。,句子的主語(yǔ)改變了,分詞的形式也要相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化。,Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful. (see與主語(yǔ)the park之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful. (see與主語(yǔ)we之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系),_____ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked 選A。ask與主語(yǔ)I之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且“要求”的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,故選A項(xiàng)作原因狀語(yǔ)。,3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的形式和內(nèi)在含義,“Genius” is a complicated concept, _____ many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved,B,4. 獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ) 有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱作獨(dú)立成分。 常見的有: generally speaking. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)…… frankly speaking. 坦白地說(shuō)…… judging from/by. 根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷 considering./taking.into consideration 考慮到……,to tell you the truth. 說(shuō)實(shí)話…… supposing. 即使,如果…… compared to/with. 與……相比,5. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。 但有時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),在句子中作狀語(yǔ),我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是: (1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主 語(yǔ)。,(2) 名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 (3) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式主要有: ① 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞 ② 名詞(代詞)+形容詞 ③ 名詞(代詞)+副詞,④ 名詞(代詞)+不定式 ⑤ 名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ) ⑥ with/without+名詞(代詞)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足 語(yǔ)。,The party will be held in the garden, weather ____. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit weather與permit之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,故選permitting。weather permitting相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,即if weather permits。,A,考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ) 1. 分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)分述 (1) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ): 單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ),一般位于其修飾的名詞之前; 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),一般位于其修飾的名詞之后。 被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),該分詞與被修飾的詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。,After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide,B,(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ): 單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ),一般位于其修飾的名詞之前; 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),一般位于其修飾的名詞之后。 被現(xiàn)在分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),該分詞與被修飾的詞之間存在主謂關(guān)系。,The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started,A,(3) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ): 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),位于被其修飾的詞之后。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 在作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中,如果其中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,不定式后面就要用必要的介詞 e.g. He is the man to depend on.,We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _____ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 選A。_____ at the meeting作decision的后置定語(yǔ),make與decision在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且還未發(fā)生,故用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。,如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place,time,way等時(shí),不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上可以省去。 e.g. The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.,(4) 現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別: 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作,二者是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,讀時(shí)都有重音。動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途,二者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,讀時(shí)只重讀動(dòng)名詞。 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)只能置于被修飾詞的前面,而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有時(shí)可置前,有時(shí)可置后,尤其是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。,2.動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 (1) 首先表現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)上: 不定式作定語(yǔ)通常指將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作而過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。,(2) 其次是判斷該動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系,如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就要用表示被動(dòng)的非謂語(yǔ)形式(過(guò)去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式,不定式的被動(dòng)式),如果是主謂關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式。,3.易混點(diǎn) 當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式既可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但其含義有所不同,試比較: Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么東西要買嗎? Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要(我或別人)買的嗎?,考點(diǎn)三 分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 1.分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)分述 (1) 過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如: e.g. I had my bike repaired yesterday.,(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作過(guò)程的一個(gè)部分??梢詭в羞@種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。 e.g. We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.,Listen! Do you hear someone _____ for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called,A,(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過(guò)程。 常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾種情況: 主語(yǔ)+ask/require/tell/order/force/ get/want/ like+sb. to do sth., 主語(yǔ)+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider /imagine+sb.+to be/to have done, 主語(yǔ)+call on (upon) /depend on/wait for/ask for+sb.+to do sth.。,Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students. A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 選C。由invite sb. to do sth.可知,此處用to speak。,動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,observe,make,have等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形,變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to,此時(shí)的不定式就是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,2.分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別 (1) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,更具描繪性。 而不定式作賓補(bǔ)一般表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程,表明動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束或即將發(fā)生。,(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示它與賓語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)一般表示它與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,完成狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作由別人完成。,3.易混點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)形式上似乎相同,其區(qū)別是:從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上看,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)屬于“主謂賓賓補(bǔ)”的句式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是能帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,而動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)則是“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。,考點(diǎn)四 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ) 1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) (1) 在三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中只有動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式可以用來(lái)作賓語(yǔ),分詞不能作賓語(yǔ)。,(2) 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ): 以下動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),不能接不定式:admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,forgive,imagine,keep, mind,miss,permit,practise,resist,risk,suggest等。,以下動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),不能接不定式:can’t help(忍不住),can’t stand,give up,put off,be/get used to(習(xí)慣于),devote oneself to,get down to,look forward to,lead to,pay attention to,see to,turn to等。,Lydia doesn’t feel like _____ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study,B,(3) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ): 不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況,一是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式,二是“動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式”。 “動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu):常見的接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有afford,appear,agree,ask,decide,demand,desire,fail,hope,intend,learn,mean,offer,promise,refuse,wish等。,“動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代(副)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu): 常見的這類動(dòng)詞有advise,decide,forget,know,learn,remember,see,tell,think,teach,wonder,discover,understand,guess,explain等。這類疑問(wèn)代(副)詞有what,when,which,where,how,whether等(不包含why)。,不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)我們會(huì)使用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把不定式放到后面。,The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A.that B.it C.this D.him,B,(4) 一些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面接動(dòng)詞不定式和接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)在意思上有很大的區(qū)別: can’t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事,mean to do sth. 打算做……,想要 mean doing sth. 意味著,就是 stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事,I remembered _____ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 選B。根據(jù)before I left the office及but forgot to . lights可知,“我”記得要鎖門,所以B項(xiàng)正確。此題易誤選A項(xiàng),remember doing sth. 意為“記得做過(guò)某事”,離開之前不可能已經(jīng)鎖上門,所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。,(5)動(dòng)詞want,need,require意為“需要”時(shí),后面跟動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)區(qū)別不大。 e.g. The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered.,(6) 在動(dòng)詞allow,advise,forbid,permit后面直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),如果有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),則應(yīng)構(gòu)成“allow/advise/forbid/permit+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”。 (7) 動(dòng)詞不定式在but,other than,except后面時(shí),如果之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式,那么后面的不定式不帶to,否則就要帶to。,另外,在can’t choose but,can’t help but,can’t but后的不定式也要省略to。 He cannot choose but wait. 在why和why not后省略to Why not go there by train? 為什么不乘火車去那里?,2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ) 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞以及動(dòng)名詞都能作表語(yǔ),其用法注意如下: (1) 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞,而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞。 現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示“(某事/物)令人感到……的”,而過(guò)去分詞則表示某人的感受,意為“感到……的”。,這樣的詞常見的有: interesting“有趣的”,interested“感興趣的”; exciting“令人興奮的”,excited“感到興奮的”; disappointing“令人失望的”,disappointed“感到失望的”等。 這類現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),一般是物作主語(yǔ);而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),則一般是人作主語(yǔ)。,(2) 表示一般的概念時(shí),不定式、動(dòng)名詞可以互換,而表示具體的個(gè)別的動(dòng)作或有將來(lái)含義時(shí),一般用不定式。 e.g. What she likes is watching (to watch) children play.,(3) 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,常可與主語(yǔ)換位,回答what或doing what的問(wèn)題?,F(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征,回答how的問(wèn)題,其主語(yǔ)可以是具體的人或物?,F(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不作表語(yǔ)。進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) (1) 不定式作主語(yǔ) 不定式(或不定式短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用“it”來(lái)代替,稱為形式主語(yǔ)。真正主語(yǔ)(不定式)放在句尾。 在It is+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.中,當(dāng)形容詞表達(dá)人所具有的特性時(shí)用of sb.,當(dāng)形容詞表達(dá)事物的特征時(shí)用for sb.。,(2) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),也常用it句式。 It's no use/good doing, It’s useless doing, There is no doing.,方法技巧總結(jié) 方法一:找準(zhǔn)判斷主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的依據(jù) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要在主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)上,若找準(zhǔn)判斷的依據(jù),問(wèn)題可以迎刃而解。 作狀語(yǔ),主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)是相對(duì)于句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)講的;作定語(yǔ)時(shí),主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)是相對(duì)于所修飾的詞而言的;作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)是相對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)而言的。但也要注意作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。,方法二:正確識(shí)別要考查的類型 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和連詞+分詞結(jié)構(gòu)是經(jīng)??疾榈念愋?。但這兩種形式都非常簡(jiǎn)單。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)考查的重點(diǎn)只有三種形式: ①with+賓語(yǔ)+doing(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系) ②with+賓語(yǔ)+done(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系),③with+賓語(yǔ)+to do(表將來(lái)) 連詞+分詞結(jié)構(gòu)只有兩種形式:①連詞+doing(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)); ②連詞+done(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。 明白了上述結(jié)構(gòu)可以大大提高做題速度和準(zhǔn)確度。,方法三:時(shí)間先后判斷法 如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式,就要考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后問(wèn)題。如: to have done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生;to be doing強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生;doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生;having done表示該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生;done表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。,方法四:習(xí)慣用法 學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要記住某些特殊動(dòng)詞的用法,哪些動(dòng)詞后只能接v.-ing形式,哪些動(dòng)詞后兩種形式都可以接,且含義有什么不同。,考點(diǎn)歸納,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。命題熱點(diǎn)多是借助于基本概念,在語(yǔ)境中考查常用動(dòng)詞的各種非謂語(yǔ)形式以及個(gè)性動(dòng)詞后的非謂語(yǔ)形式。有時(shí)也涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的一致性問(wèn)題以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語(yǔ)的各種變化。,其考點(diǎn)主要包括: 1. 考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。要求熟記“三類”動(dòng)詞: (1) 只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 如:seem, attempt, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, mean, expect等;,(2) 只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 如:acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, escape, consider, permit, imagine, postpone, risk等; (3) 接不定式和動(dòng)名詞意義有別的動(dòng)詞。 如:remember, try, mean, regret等。,2. 考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 不定式表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作; 現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作; 過(guò)去分詞表示完成的動(dòng)作。,3. 考查不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 (1) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ): only to do表示“出乎意料的結(jié)果”; thus doing表示“自然而然的結(jié)果”。 (2) 原因狀語(yǔ): be glad (silly,sad,disappointed,satisfied,sorry,surprised…) to have done 表示“很高興(愚蠢、難過(guò)……) 做了……”。,(3) 原因狀語(yǔ): “being+形容詞(過(guò)去分詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞)”通常在句中表示原因。,4. 考查分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 (1) 感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動(dòng)詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式:不帶to 的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞; (2) leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ): leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事; leave sth. undone留下某事未做; leave sth. to be done留下某事要做;,(3) have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ):have/get sth. done使/讓某事由別人去做 (叫/讓某人做某事); have sb./sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行); get sb./sth. doing使某人/物開始行動(dòng)起來(lái); have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth.)使/讓/叫某人去做某事;,(4) be said (reported,thought,considered…)+ to do sth. (據(jù)說(shuō)要……)/to be doing sth. (據(jù)說(shuō)正在……)/to have done sth. (據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)……)。,5.考查非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。 即現(xiàn)在分詞的一般體和完成體的區(qū)別,過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。 6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他結(jié)構(gòu)。 with(out)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等。,重點(diǎn) 1 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) 1. 主要考點(diǎn): (1) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)。 不定式作狀語(yǔ)通常表示: (a) 原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后); (b) 目的(可用so as to/in order to替換, 但so as to一般不可置于句首); (c) 結(jié)果(常表意想不到的結(jié)果, 常為only to do)。,(2) 分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 ① 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 ② 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,③ 部分過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu), 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 其前不用being。 這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見的有: seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、stationed(駐扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿著)、tired of(厭煩了)等。,2. 突破技巧: (1) 把握前后主語(yǔ)一致性, 區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞; (2) 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為意想不到的結(jié)果; 分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為順理成章的結(jié)果。,重點(diǎn)2 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 1. 主要考點(diǎn): 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)以及區(qū)別。 2. 突破技巧: (1) 把握不定式表示未來(lái), 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示用途, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行, 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成; (2) 注意不定式to be done形式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞being done形式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。,重點(diǎn)3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 1. 主要考點(diǎn): 常見的需接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu): (1) “5看2聽1感覺”的感官動(dòng)詞 “5看”包括see, watch, observe, notice, look at “2聽”包括hear, listen to “1感覺”包括feel,(2) make, have, get等使役動(dòng)詞后 (3) 特殊動(dòng)詞、詞組、句型: ①leave, catch, keep, find ②advise/allow/ask等動(dòng)詞+sb. to do sth. ③sb. +be said to do sth. 中的不定式作 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。,2. 突破技巧: (1) 注意作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的三種形式 (to) do/ doing/ done形式之間的區(qū)別。把握動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行和被動(dòng); (2) 注意賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別; (3) 把握補(bǔ)語(yǔ)一般由不定式表示未來(lái)(不用to的不定式表示動(dòng)作全過(guò)程); 現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行、過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。,重點(diǎn) 4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) 1. 主要考點(diǎn): (1) 只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞, 常見的有: 碰巧希望作決定(happen, hope/wish, decide); 準(zhǔn)備同意和答應(yīng)(prepare, agree, promise); 假裝沒能安排好(pretend, fail, arrange/plan); 學(xué)會(huì)拒絕難提供(learn, refuse, offer); 決心設(shè)法想得分(determine, manage, intend/expect/want); 一往無(wú)前任我行。,(2) 只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞, 常見的有: 否認(rèn)錯(cuò)過(guò)避逃亡(deny, miss, avoid, escape); 承認(rèn)推遲被禁止(admit, delay, forbid); 考慮建議準(zhǔn)完成(consider, suggest, finish); 介意冒險(xiǎn)亂想象(mind, risk, imagine); 答應(yīng)繼續(xù)去訓(xùn)練(allow/permit, keep, practise); 設(shè)想原諒得欣賞(fancy, excuse/pardon, enjoy/appreciate)。,(3) 特殊動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)跟不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的不同,(4) 動(dòng)詞allow, advise, permit, forbid后面不出現(xiàn)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) (5) 動(dòng)詞need, want, require主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思, 相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式, 在句子中均為賓語(yǔ) 2. 突破技巧: (1)牢記口訣, 記熟用法; (2)把握特殊詞。,重點(diǎn) 5 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及其他 1. 主要考點(diǎn): (1) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ): 動(dòng)名詞表示泛指、抽象、反復(fù)、習(xí)慣; 不定式表示具體、一次、打算、未做的動(dòng)作。,(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ): 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ), 表示主語(yǔ)的特征, 意思“令人……”, 一般是物作主語(yǔ); 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的心理狀態(tài), 主語(yǔ)是承受者, 表示的是被動(dòng)。動(dòng)名詞、不定式作表語(yǔ)與作主語(yǔ)是一樣的, 可以表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)互換。,(3) 其他用法 ① 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞和不定式 如果分詞作狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ), 要在分詞前面加上它自己的主語(yǔ), 這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu), 其作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句或定語(yǔ)從句; 有時(shí)也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)。,② 形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)中的不定式 ③ 固定句式中的不定式 do/have/其他動(dòng)詞+sth. +but (to) do sth. 的固定句式, 遵循前有do后無(wú)to, 反之用to原則。 2. 突破技巧: (1) 分析句子的主謂語(yǔ)是否一致, 如果不一致就可以用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu); (2) 弄清獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語(yǔ)與后面補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的關(guān)系, 然后用相應(yīng)的形式, 尤其是不定式和分詞形式。,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _____ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 2. _____ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend,C,C,3. _____ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing 4. Last night, there were millions of people _____ the opening ceremony live on TV. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching,C,D,5. There are still many problems _____ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved 6. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _____ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs,D,C,7. _____ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out 8. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _____ it didn’t fit. A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found,C,A,9. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _____ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 10. —I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. _____ more about it, visit this website. A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out,C,A,11. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned 12. Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit. A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help,B,D,13. When it comes to _____ in public, no one can match him. A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken 14. _____ nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. A. Having spent B. To spend C. Spent D. To have spent,B,A,15. He is thought _____ foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted,B,鞏固練習(xí),I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。 1. Without anyone ________ (notice), the little boy slipped through the window. 2. _________________________ (realize) that the files in the computer had gone wrong, she suddenly felt at a loss. 3. We saw the big ship turn upside down, ________ (throw) its passengers into the water. 4. Jack won first place in the 100-metre race in the sports meeting, ________ (set) a new record.,noticing,Realizing / Having realized,throwing,setting,5. ____________ (be) a leader for a long time, Mary found it hard to become an ordinary clerk again. 6. ____________________ (sentence) to ten years in prison, the man lost all hope. 7. Mrs. Yacoub had her watch ________ (rob) on her way home. 8. The door of the house opposite to ours remains ________ (close) all day long.,Having been,Having been sentenced,robbed,closed,9. The trees ________ (plant) by the foreign visitors are growing well. 10. —Is that Mr. Brown? —Sorry, he’s not in at the moment. Shall I have him ________ (return) your call?,planted,return,II. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子。 1. Never be ___________________ (第一個(gè)離開的人). Observe how your co-workers behave around quitting time. 2. ___________________ (所有的事都考慮在內(nèi)), his suggestion is of greater value than yours. 3. __________________ (當(dāng)問(wèn)到她是誰(shuí)), she said she was Mr. Johnson’s friend.,the first one to leave,All things considered,Asked who she was,4. __________________________________ (從金幣上標(biāo)記的日期), the scientists learnt that it was made five hundred years ago. 5. Does the way you thought of ______________________ (把水變清) make any sense? 6. Mrs. Li showed her students _______________________ (一些借來(lái)的舊照片) from the city library.,From the dates marked on the gold coin,to make the water clean,some old photos borrowed,7. With Mother’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______________ (去買禮物) for my mum. 8. I have _________________ (大量文件要讀) before the end of this week. 9. The dining room is clean and tidy, with __________________ (已經(jīng)擺好的桌子) for a meal to be served. 10. A great number of ___________________ (被詢問(wèn)的學(xué)生) said they were forced to take part in the extra classes by their parents.,to buy presents,a lot of files to read,a table already laid,students questioned,III. 從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇合適的內(nèi)容填空。 1. The students listened with full attention in class, _________ (not trying, trying not) to miss any point. 2. ________ (Seen, Seeing) from the top of the building, at the south foot of the mountain is a river. 3. Listen! Do you hear someone ________ (sing, singing) in the distance?,trying not,Seen,singing,4. So far nobody has claimed the cell phone __________ (discovered, discovering) in the bathroom. 5. I bought the camera and case as ________ (advertised, advertising) in yesterday’s newspaper. 6. The spokesperson spoke very slowly, ________ (to weigh, weighing) what she would say.,discovered,advertised,weighing,7. Shortly after suffering from a mud-rock slide and ____________ (being reduced, reduced) to ruins, the village took on a new look. 8. The computer just won’t start. Something seems ___________ (to go, to have gone) wrong with it.,being reduced,to have gone,- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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