2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第四節(jié) 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ).doc
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2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第四節(jié) 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞辨析動(dòng)詞的考查以辨析為主,有時(shí)考同義詞或近義詞之間的辨析,但更多的是同一題中的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)并無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián),因此對(duì)動(dòng)詞的掌握重在積累,要特別注意一詞多義與熟詞生義,下面就一些常見(jiàn)的熟詞生義現(xiàn)象作如下總結(jié)。單詞熟義生義admit 承認(rèn)接受某人(入學(xué)等) do做足夠或能滿足(需要)escape逃跑;逃脫被忘掉;被忽視narrow 變窄縮小promise答應(yīng);許諾有可能會(huì)put放置表達(dá)或表述stand 站立忍受help幫助某人忍不住做某事lend借幫助某人/某事I want something to eat; anything will do.我想吃點(diǎn)東西, 隨便什么都行。His name escaped me for the moment.我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。It promises to be warm this evening.今晚有望轉(zhuǎn)暖。As Deng Xiaoping put it,“Development is the only way.” 正如鄧小平所說(shuō):“發(fā)展才是硬道理?!笨键c(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及辨析動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析可分為三類:一是以動(dòng)詞為主體詞的辨析;二是以副詞或介詞為主體詞的辨析;三是無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。下面就常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作如下總結(jié):1addadd . to .把加在上;add to 增加;add up 加起來(lái);add up to 總計(jì)Each new word and sentence you master will add to your confidence when speaking English. 每一個(gè)你所掌握的新單詞和新句子都會(huì)增加你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的信心。2breakbreak away from 脫離;break down 壞掉,分解,垮下來(lái);break out 爆發(fā);break in 打斷,闖入;break into闖入;break through 突破;break up 打碎;分解;分手A police officer came to our help when our car broke down on the way.我們的汽車在路上出了毛病,一位警官幫了我們的忙。3bring bring about 引起,導(dǎo)致;bring down 使降低,使下降;bring in 引進(jìn),賺進(jìn);bring out 取出,出版,生產(chǎn),闡明;bring up 撫養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育;嘔吐Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大, 他對(duì)生物很感樂(lè)趣。4callcall at 拜訪(某地);call for 去接(某人),需要;call in 請(qǐng)來(lái),召集;call on 拜訪(某人),號(hào)召;call off 取消This sort of work calls for a lot of patience.做這類工作需要極大的耐心。5e e about 發(fā)生;e across偶遇,遭遇;e along跟隨;e out 出現(xiàn),出版,結(jié)果是;e to共計(jì);e up 出現(xiàn),被提出;e up with提出In the course of the experiments, they came across a series of new problems. 在試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中他們碰到一系列新問(wèn)題。6cutcut down 砍倒,削減;cut in 插嘴;cut off 切斷;cut up 切碎;cut out裁剪,戒掉The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month. 村莊被大雪封住不能與外界聯(lián)系長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)月。7get get across 被理解,使通過(guò);get away外出度假;get down to著手做;get in 收割;get into進(jìn)入,養(yǎng)成;get off 下車/船/馬/飛機(jī)等;get over 克服;get through 完成,通過(guò),解決,接通電話;get up起床;起身This is the message that we want to get across to the public. 這條信息正是我想讓公眾理解的。8gogo against違背;go out外出,熄滅;go over預(yù)習(xí),復(fù)習(xí);go without沒(méi)有也行;沒(méi)有也可以勉強(qiáng)對(duì)付 Since there is no butter left, we had to go without. 既然奶油沒(méi)了, 我們只得將就一下。9looklook into調(diào)查;look round/around 環(huán)顧;look through 瀏覽,透過(guò)看;look up 向上看,查找;look up to尊敬;敬仰My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him. 我父親對(duì)我有極深遠(yuǎn)的影響,我一直很崇敬他。10makemake for 沖向;make out辨認(rèn)出;make the best of充分利用;make up組成,編造;make up with彌補(bǔ)We must work hard to make up for the lost time. 我們必須努力工作以彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)光。11putput away 收起,儲(chǔ)存;put down寫(xiě)下,鎮(zhèn)壓;put forward 提出;put in放進(jìn),寫(xiě)進(jìn);put off推遲;put on穿上,上演;put out 撲滅,出版,生產(chǎn);put up 張貼,舉起,建造,留宿We should put away our differences and work together for our mon goal. 我們應(yīng)該把分歧放在一邊,為共同的目標(biāo)而努力。12setset about 著手;set aside 撥出,置于一旁;set off 出發(fā),引爆;set out 著手,出發(fā);set up 建立;豎立The village members set off firecrackers to celebrate the successful pletion of the reservoir. 為慶祝水庫(kù)的勝利建成,村民們放了鞭炮。13taketake apart拆卸;take in 欺騙,吸收;take off 起飛,騰飛,脫掉;take on 呈現(xiàn),雇用;take over 接管;take up 開(kāi)始從事;占據(jù);拿起They no longer have to take on large numbers of temporary workers to do the harvesting. 他們?cè)僖膊槐毓陀么罅颗R時(shí)工來(lái)收割農(nóng)作物。14turnturn down 拒絕,把音量關(guān)小;turn in 上交;turn on 打開(kāi);turn off 關(guān)掉;turn out 結(jié)果證明;turn over 翻開(kāi);turn to 求助于,轉(zhuǎn)向;turn up 出現(xiàn);把音量開(kāi)大The party turned out to be very successful.結(jié)果證明晚會(huì)開(kāi)得很成功。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第240頁(yè))1(xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Would you like to_with us to the film tonight?Ae alongBe offCe across De through【解析】首先了解四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思。e along表示“一起來(lái)”;e off表示“掉下,落下,摔倒”;e across表示“偶遇,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解”;e through表示“傳來(lái),安然度過(guò),獲批準(zhǔn)”。句意:今晚和我們一起去看電影好嗎?根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞with us及題意可知選A項(xiàng)。【答案】A2(xx湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to_with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate BdisputeCnegotiate Dregister【解析】這里說(shuō)的是在警署登記注冊(cè),用register表示“登記,注冊(cè)”,register with表示“在處登記”。associate“將聯(lián)系起來(lái)”;dispute表示“異議,爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)吵”;negotiate“協(xié)商;談判”。句意:按照該法律,所有外國(guó)人在到來(lái)的兩周內(nèi)必須到當(dāng)?shù)鼐鸬怯??!敬鸢浮緿3(xx江蘇高考)The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well _Aqualified BpreservedCdecorated Dsimplified【解析】本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都為常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞,句中使用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。be qualified合格的,有資格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated裝飾得很漂亮的;be simplified被簡(jiǎn)化的。根據(jù)句意:這座小鎮(zhèn)是如此美麗!我實(shí)在是喜歡它。我也是。小鎮(zhèn)的特色保存得很完好。可知選B項(xiàng)。【答案】B4(xx浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation,_ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding【解析】realize意識(shí)到;copy效仿;offer提出,提供;misunderstand誤解。句意:一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者參與談話時(shí),要發(fā)表觀點(diǎn),提出問(wèn)題,以保持談話順利進(jìn)行。由句意可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。offering ideas and raising questions.為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。【答案】C5(xx天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to _Aget away Bdrop inCcheck out Dhold on【解析】本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞詞組。get away脫身,逃離,外出度假;drop in順便拜訪;check out檢查,核實(shí);hold on堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)but可知后面的wasnt able to_與前面的had hoped to take a holiday構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故get away符合題意。句意:我本希望今年去度假,但是沒(méi)能去成?!敬鸢浮緼6(xx遼寧高考)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake overCset off Drun out【解析】get away意為“走開(kāi),逃脫懲罰”;take over意為“接管,接任”;set off意為“出發(fā),動(dòng)身”;run out意為“用完,耗盡”。根據(jù)retires(退休)可得知答案。句意:當(dāng)Mitchell退休時(shí),Briggs將會(huì)接任總經(jīng)理的職務(wù)?!敬鸢浮緽7(xx江蘇高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook overCtake over De over【解析】本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。get over克服,恢復(fù),熬過(guò);look over查看,仔細(xì)檢查;take over接收,接管;e over過(guò)來(lái),來(lái)訪。根據(jù)句意:團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須確保所有成員克服他們發(fā)自內(nèi)心的渴望想要避免犯錯(cuò)所帶來(lái)的尷尬??芍?,A項(xiàng)為正確答案?!敬鸢浮緼8(xx江西高考)Mother always plains that children_their shoes very quickly.Afind out Bwash outCwear out Dset out【解析】find out意為“查明”;wash out意為“洗凈”;wear out意為“用壞,穿破”;set out意為“動(dòng)身,出發(fā)”。句意:媽媽總是抱怨孩子們很快就把鞋子穿爛了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,此處用C項(xiàng)最為合適?!敬鸢浮緾模擬題組1(xx江蘇鹽城模擬)Getting your students_in classroom activities is vitally important.Atrapped BdevotedCstuck Dinvolved【解析】句意:使你的學(xué)生參與課堂活動(dòng)極其重要。trap使陷入困境;devote獻(xiàn)身;stick(在某物中)卡??;involve參與?!敬鸢浮緿2(xx濟(jì)南模擬)I will have to think about it again.If you_,you may lose the opportunity to pete altogether.Ahesitate BwonderCcontinue Dfail【解析】句意:“我必須再次好好考慮一下?!薄叭绻悛q豫不決,你可能會(huì)失去這個(gè)比賽的好機(jī)會(huì)?!県esitate猶豫,遲疑;wonder想知道;continue繼續(xù);fail失敗?!敬鸢浮緼3(xx陜西寶雞模擬)He will have to find some other work,for he cant_this loud noise any more.Ae up with Bput up withCmake up with Dkeep up with【解析】句意:他得找到另外一份工作,因?yàn)樗僖踩淌懿涣诉@種巨大的噪音了。A:想出;B:忍受;C:(與某人)言歸于好;D:跟上?!敬鸢浮緽4(xx杭州外國(guó)語(yǔ)高中模擬)It has been reported that some government leaders_their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.Aoverlook BemployCabandon Dabuse【解析】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,一些政府官員濫用職權(quán)為自己謀取利益。overlook俯瞰;employ雇傭;abandon遺棄,拋棄;abuse濫用;辱罵。【答案】D5(xx山東濟(jì)寧模擬)New puters are soon out of date since newer models are_constantly.Aturned up Bturned outCturned down Dturned over【解析】句意:由于更加新型的電腦不斷地生產(chǎn),新電腦很快就會(huì)過(guò)時(shí)。A:出現(xiàn);C:拒絕;D:翻身,翻轉(zhuǎn)。turn out為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),意為“生產(chǎn)或制造某物”。newer models 與turn out為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本題易誤選A項(xiàng),但turn up作“appear(出現(xiàn))”講時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?!敬鸢浮緽6(xx福建畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)He made a good preparation for the job interview,for he couldnt_losing the good opportunity.Aadmit BdelayCavoid Drisk【解析】句意:他為工作面試做了充分的準(zhǔn)備,因?yàn)樗荒苊半U(xiǎn)失去這個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。A:承認(rèn);B:推遲;C:避免;D:冒險(xiǎn)?!敬鸢浮緿7(xx四川成都診斷)As the road to the airport is under reconstruction,wed better_ early to avoid the traffic jam.Apay off Bset offCput off Dtake off【解析】句意:由于通向機(jī)場(chǎng)的路在重建,所以我們最好早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身以避免交通阻塞。A:付清,取得成功;B:出發(fā),動(dòng)身;C:推遲;D:起飛,脫掉。【答案】B8(xx河北衡水一中模擬)Children who are overprotected by their parents may bee_Ahurt BspoiledCdamaged Dharmed【解析】句意:被父母過(guò)分保護(hù)的孩子可能會(huì)被寵壞。hurt傷害;spoil嬌慣,寵壞,溺愛(ài);damage毀壞;harm傷害,損害。【答案】B9(xx天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考)A good speaker is supposed to manage to_the listeners what he means.Amake sense to Bappeal toCattach to Dget across to【解析】句意:一個(gè)好的演講者應(yīng)該設(shè)法讓聽(tīng)眾明白他的意思。make sense的主語(yǔ)往往是something,意思是:有意義,有道理,講得通。B項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于attract吸引;C:把附在/系在上;get across to sb.:to be municated or understood被傳達(dá),被理解。【答案】D10(xx無(wú)錫模擬)All her hard work _in the end,and she finally passed the exam.Apaid back Bpaid offCbrought out Dbrought off【解析】句意:所有的努力最終得到了回報(bào),她通過(guò)了考試。pay back歸還;pay off還清,有回報(bào);bring out拿出;bring off取消?!敬鸢浮緽11(xx山東濟(jì)寧模擬)Maria_the interviewers with her knowledge and experience,and as a result she was offered the job.Aprovided BinspiredCpersuaded Dimpressed【解析】句意:瑪麗亞用知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)給面試官們留下了深刻的印象,因此她得到了這份工作。impress sb.with sth.用某物給某人留下深刻的印象,符合本題題意。provide提供;inspire鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì);persuade說(shuō)服;都不合題意,故選D項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緿12(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)What attracted you to our university?You have a great basketball team and I can_for it.Awork out Blook outCtry out Dcarry out【解析】句意:“是什么吸引你到我們的大學(xué)?”“你們這里有一支很好的籃球隊(duì),我可以參加這支隊(duì)伍的選拔賽?!盇:解出,算出;D:執(zhí)行。以上兩項(xiàng)均不能與介詞for構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。look out for小心;try out for參加選拔(或試演)。又如:Shes trying out for the part of Cleopatra.她正在試演克婁巴特拉這個(gè)角色。【答案】C13(xx安徽安慶模擬)The two countries agreed to_their differences and work together for peace,which has a positive effect on the international situation.Aset down Bset outCset aside Dset about【解析】句意:兩國(guó)同意擱置爭(zhēng)議,共同為和平努力,這對(duì)國(guó)際形勢(shì)有積極的影響。本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。set aside把放在一邊,留出,符合題意。set down記下,寫(xiě)下;set out出發(fā),動(dòng)身;set about著手做,開(kāi)始做。【答案】C14(xx江蘇南京模擬)She wanted to ask if he had news of Williams,but words_in her throat.Aburst BstuckCbroke Dsettled【解析】句意:她想問(wèn)他是否有威廉姆斯的消息,但難于說(shuō)出口。A:爆炸;B:卡住;C:破碎,破曉,轉(zhuǎn)晴;D:定居,(鳥(niǎo)等)飛落?!敬鸢浮緽15(xx石家莊模擬)Jack,this is the third time that you have been late this week.Sorry,sir,but I was_for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.Agive up Bput upCtaken up Dheld up【解析】句意:“杰克,這是你本周第三次遲到了。”“很抱歉,先生,但我在來(lái)這里的路上遇到了堵車達(dá)15分鐘?!眀e held up受阻,符合題意。give up放棄;put up舉起,張貼,留宿;take up拿起,從事,占據(jù)?!敬鸢浮緿16(xx河北教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)A college is going to_a students ability based on grades and then make the decision to admit or refuse an applicant.Aexperiment BparallelCassess Dobserve【解析】句意:大學(xué)將根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)學(xué)生的能力進(jìn)行評(píng)估,然后決定是否錄取。A:試驗(yàn);B:與相似;D:觀察,遵守。assess評(píng)定,評(píng)估,估算?!敬鸢浮緾17(xx東北三省四市教研協(xié)作體調(diào)研)If you cheat in the exam,you can hardly_it.Aput up with Bget away withCbreak away with De up with【解析】句意:如果你考試作弊,你很難免受懲罰。A:忍受;B:做壞事而未受懲罰;沒(méi)有break away with結(jié)構(gòu);D:想出?!敬鸢浮緽18(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)John cant concentrate on his studies recently.Yes,that might_why he did so badly in the last exam.Aanswer for Bapply forCaccount for Dcall for【解析】句意:“約翰最近不能集中精力學(xué)習(xí)?!薄笆堑?,那可能就是為什么他上次考試考得很差的原因。”answer for:be responsible for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé);apply for申請(qǐng);account for:be the explanation/cause of是的原因;call for:demand,need要求,需要?!敬鸢浮緾19(xx山東濟(jì)寧模擬)The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to_your anger.Aput down Bhold backCkeep up Dcut off【解析】句意:這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)斗本來(lái)可以避免的,如果你們?nèi)魏我环侥芸刂谱∨鸬脑挕1绢}考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。hold back ones anger抑制住怒火,符合題意。put down放下,鎮(zhèn)壓;keep up保持,繼續(xù),使不低落。【答案】B20(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)According to the Nobel Prize organization,Mo Yans work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality,_historical and social aspects.Aconducting BbiningCconflicting Dconcluding【解析】句意:諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)組委會(huì)認(rèn)為莫言的作品把歷史方面和社會(huì)方面融為一體,展示了想象與現(xiàn)實(shí)的結(jié)合。A:引導(dǎo);C:沖突;D:得出結(jié)論。bine:聯(lián)合,合并。又如:He bines creative imagination and true 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