2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破五 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破五 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語真題試做1(xx山東高考,25)They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.Aput offBspeed upCturn on Dwork out2(xx山東高考,27)Sam _ some knowledge of the puter just by watching others working on it.Abrought up Blooked upCpicked up Dset up3(xx山東高考,31)Your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children?Amanage BserveCadapt Dconstruct4(xx山東高考,26) Do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?Oh yes,enough and to spare.Acover BspendCfill Doffer5(xx山東高考,31) Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to _,so she left.Ashow off Bgo upCfit in De over考向分析1考查常見動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語的詞義辨析。強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的情景化,把動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語的區(qū)別放在鮮活的語境中進(jìn)行考查,突出在具體語境中進(jìn)行意義選擇的測試。2考查常見動(dòng)詞的搭配。特別是同一動(dòng)詞和不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語的辨析,或者不同的動(dòng)詞和同一副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語的辨析。如take/make/turn/e/hold/bring/ keep/leave/hand等一些高頻動(dòng)詞與out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等副詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語含義。3考查常見動(dòng)詞及其短語的新義,也就是我們所說的“熟詞生義”;動(dòng)詞的一詞多義也是考查的重點(diǎn)。要在具體的語境中靈活地使用。熱點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)一:動(dòng)詞詞義辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往結(jié)構(gòu)相同,詞形或意義相近。要做好這類試題,必須從各個(gè)動(dòng)詞的語義差別、用法特點(diǎn)等方面入手,然后結(jié)合題意選用合適的動(dòng)詞?!镜淅治觥?(xx江西高考,30)We were all agreed that the cottage would _ a perfect holiday home for the family.AmakeBturnCtake Dhave答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:我們一致認(rèn)為,那所小農(nóng)舍將會(huì)成為一家人度假的完美居所。make在此意為“成為”。(xx浙江高考,12)According to scientists,our mental abilities begin to _ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.Adiffer BshrinkCfail Ddecline答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:據(jù)科學(xué)家們說,我們大腦的能力在22歲達(dá)到最高水平后,從27歲開始下降。differ意為“不同,有異”;shrink意為“變小,減少,收縮”;fail意為“(健康、體力、視力等)衰退,減弱”;decline意為“下降,衰退,減退”。根據(jù)句意分析,“達(dá)到最高點(diǎn)后”應(yīng)該是“下降”,所以選D項(xiàng)??键c(diǎn)二:常見動(dòng)詞的固定搭配有些動(dòng)詞與其賓語有固定的搭配和習(xí)慣用法,還有些動(dòng)詞后跟賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),與不定式或某些介詞有固定的搭配。要做好這類試題,關(guān)鍵是通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),弄清題意,然后根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和句意選擇符合固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法的動(dòng)詞?!镜淅治觥?(xx遼寧高考,24)You are old enough to _ your own living.Awin BgainCtake Dearn答案為D項(xiàng)。earn ones living意為“謀生”,為固定搭配。句意:你長大了,可以自謀生路了。考點(diǎn)三:連系動(dòng)詞的用法連系動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),后面常接形容詞、名詞、分詞或不定式等作表語。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有:appear,bee,feel,look,sound,seem,taste,prove,remain,stay,smell,grow,turn,go,e,fall,stand,lie,exist等。要做好這類試題,首先要弄清題意,然后分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷出該動(dòng)詞是否用作連系動(dòng)詞,最后確定所要填入的答案?!镜淅治觥?(xx四川高考,6)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what _ nice.Alooks BsmellsCfeels Dtastes答案為A項(xiàng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為連系動(dòng)詞。look意為“看起來”;smell意為“聞起來”;feel意為“摸起來”;taste意為“嘗起來”。根據(jù)前一句“用眼睛”可知,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)??键c(diǎn)四:同一動(dòng)詞和不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是由同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成。從歷年高考試題來看,那些搭配能力強(qiáng)、語義豐富的常用動(dòng)詞短語是命題的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。要做好這類試題,一定要在理解語境的基礎(chǔ)上,從語義邏輯、固定搭配、前后關(guān)系等角度去確定答案?!镜淅治觥?(xx課標(biāo)全國高考,27)Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can_almost every word her teacher says.Aput out Bput downCput away Dput together答案為B項(xiàng)。put out意為“長出,熄滅,撲滅,出版”;put down意為“把放下,鎮(zhèn)壓,平息,寫下,記下”;put away意為“把收起來放好”;put together意為“把放在一起,組合”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng),表示“她幾乎能記下老師說的每一個(gè)字”??键c(diǎn)五:不同的動(dòng)詞和同一副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由不同的動(dòng)詞加相同的介詞或副詞構(gòu)成。要做好這類試題,首先還是要弄清題意,然后選出符合題意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要的動(dòng)詞短語?!镜淅治觥?(xx四川高考,20)Its surprising that your brother_Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.Apicked up Blooked upCput up Dmade up答案為A項(xiàng)。pick up在此意為“無意中獲得或?qū)W到”。句意:你哥哥學(xué)俄語如此之快讓人感到驚訝他在那里生活了沒有多長時(shí)間。look up意為“仰望,尊敬”;put up意為“建造,搭起”;make up意為“組成,構(gòu)成,彌補(bǔ)”。(xx湖北高考,24)Im so glad youve e here to_ this matter in person.Alead to Bsee toCturn to Drefer to答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:我很高興你親自來這里處理這個(gè)事件。lead to意為“導(dǎo)致,通往”;see to意為“處理,料理”;turn to意為“轉(zhuǎn)向,求助”;refer to意為“提及,查閱,參考”。考點(diǎn)六:不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語。要做好這類試題,關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題干的意思,選出符合題意的動(dòng)詞短語。【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考,26)Rod loves _ clocks.However,he never manages to put them together again.Ataking apart Bgiving awayCmaking up Dturning off答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:羅德喜歡將鐘表拆開。然而,他從來不能將它們?cè)俅谓M裝起來。take apart意為“拆開,拆卸”;give away意為“分發(fā),贈(zèng)送”;make up意為“構(gòu)成,彌補(bǔ),化裝,編造”;turn off意為“關(guān)閉”。根據(jù)句意判斷A項(xiàng)正確。(xx安徽高考,28)The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. Awent on Bgot throughCpaid off Dended up答案為C項(xiàng)。go on意為“(時(shí)間)過去,開始運(yùn)行,繼續(xù),進(jìn)行”;get through意為“完成,通過,接通(電話)”;pay off意為“還清(債務(wù)),得到好結(jié)果,取得成功”;end up意為“結(jié)束,結(jié)尾,停止”。句意:當(dāng)這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員獲得了奧運(yùn)金牌時(shí),她多年辛苦的訓(xùn)練終于有了回報(bào)。由句意可知,C項(xiàng)正確??键c(diǎn)七:“動(dòng)詞副詞/名詞介詞”短語的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)要么是四個(gè)不同動(dòng)詞,但副詞相同、介詞不同的動(dòng)詞短語;要么是四個(gè)動(dòng)詞相同、副詞相同、介詞不同的動(dòng)詞短語。要做好這類試題,弄清題意誠然重要,但還要注意該短語的尾詞是介詞、副詞還是不定式符號(hào)to,切忌想當(dāng)然?!镜淅治觥?(xx江蘇高考,26)OK,Ive had enough of it.I give up.You cant _ your responsibilities.Arun off withBrun up againstCrun out ofDrun away from答案為D項(xiàng)。run off with意為“偷走”;run up against意為“遇到”;run out of意為“用完,耗盡”;ran away from意為“從逃離,回避”。后半句句意:你不能逃脫你自己的責(zé)任。誤區(qū)警示1近義動(dòng)詞或形近動(dòng)詞的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx湖北高考,22)Finally,my thanks go to my tutor,who has offered a lot of suggestions and ments on my paper and_ every page of my draft.Aapproved BquotedCpolished Dfolded【錯(cuò)混透析】C句意:最后,我要向我的導(dǎo)師表示感謝,他為我的論文提供了很多建議和意見,并為我的草稿的每一頁都進(jìn)行了潤色。approve意為“支持,贊同”;quote意為“引用,引述”;polish意為“改進(jìn),潤色”;fold意為“折疊,對(duì)折”?!窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 對(duì)于同義動(dòng)詞或近義動(dòng)詞的辨析,首先要弄清楚每個(gè)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法區(qū)別,然后結(jié)合具體的語境確定正確答案。對(duì)于形近動(dòng)詞,平時(shí)要注意觀察區(qū)分。2同一動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同短語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx陜西高考,19)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead,because the airconditioning system _.Abroke in Bbroke upCbroke out Dbroke down【錯(cuò)混透析】D句意:他不得不時(shí)不時(shí)地停下來擦擦頭上的汗,因?yàn)榭照{(diào)壞了。break in意為“插話”;break up意為“打碎;(學(xué)校)放假”;break out意為“爆發(fā);發(fā)生”;break down意為“出毛病了;不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)?!窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 由同一動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語,在歷年高考都會(huì)有許多考查。該類題目考生容易混淆短語的意義,因此平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中一定要有豐厚的詞匯儲(chǔ)備,明確這些短語的不同意義,然后結(jié)合語境和句意作出正確選擇。3同一介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx湖北高考,23)Walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to_ his courage.Ahold up Bkeep upCset up Dtake up【錯(cuò)混透析】B句意:獨(dú)自一個(gè)人走在黑暗中,男孩吹起口哨來為自己壯膽。keep up ones courage 意為“鼓足勇氣”。造成該題錯(cuò)選的原因是不熟悉與ones courage搭配的動(dòng)詞短語。【解題指導(dǎo)】 介詞或副詞與不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的短語,表達(dá)不同的含義。因此,歸納并熟記由同一介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語,是解答該類題目的關(guān)鍵。1(xx山東濟(jì)寧梁山二中月考,27) Those who tend to _ to their fate are sure not to make any achievements.Asubmit BsubscribeCcorrespond Dapply 2(xx山東泰安期末,26) The new movie _ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.Apromises BagreesCpretends Dintends3Franks ability to learn from observation and experience _ greatly to his success in public life.Aowed Bcontributed Cattached Drelated4As the famous saying _,two heads are better than one.Amentions BgoesCtells Dinstructs5(xx山東萊蕪期末,26) Will a pencil _? Im afraid not.Only a pen can be used in the exam.Acount BfitCdo Dsatisfy6The work has _ the status of a classic among the posers admirers.Arequired BacquiredCinquired Dinspired7The famous star is ing to our city to _ his new movie.Aoffend BexploreCpromote Dreserve8(xx山東淄博六中二模,35) Do you like the material? Yes,it_ very soft.Ais feeling BfeltCfeels Dis felt9What worried the guide most was that some of the tourists _ the flu due to the tiring journey and the rainy weather.Acaught up withBcame up withCcame down withDdid away with10My friend majored in puter in college and she can _ many puter problems.Aget out Bpick outCtake out Dsort out11(xx山東諸城月考,31) Jenny works hard as usual and it has _.She got the first in the final exam again.Ashowed off Bpaid backCpaid off Dturned up12I had a hard time _ this novel.I share your feeling.Who can remember the names of over 100 different characters?Agetting through Bgetting overCgetting off Dgetting away13(xx山東濰坊壽光現(xiàn)代中學(xué)一模,30)“Does the name on the envelope _ the name on the letter inside?” asked Mr.Black.Acorrespond with Bappeal toCrespond to Drely on14The meal over,the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion.Aput away Btake downClook over Dcarry on15Dont be so discouraged.If you _ such feelings,you will do better next time.Acarry on Bget backCbreak down Dput away參考答案五、動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語命題調(diào)研明晰考向真題試做1B考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。put off “推遲”;speed up“加速”;turn on“打開”;work out“解決,計(jì)算出”。句意:他們?cè)谕貙挊蛎嬉允管嚵骷铀?。故B項(xiàng)正確。2C考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。bring up“教育,提出,培養(yǎng),嘔吐”;look up“向上看,查閱”; pick up“學(xué)會(huì),撿起,拾起”;set up“搭起,豎起,建立”。句意為“薩姆只是通過看別人操作電腦就學(xué)會(huì)了不少電腦知識(shí)”。由句意可知,C項(xiàng)正確。3A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。manage“設(shè)法,控制,管理,經(jīng)營”;serve“服務(wù),服役”;adapt“使適應(yīng),改編”;construct“創(chuàng)立,建造”。句意為“你家總是那么整潔你是怎樣帶著三個(gè)孩子打理得那么好的”?由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。4A考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。cover“(指錢)夠付(費(fèi)用)”。句意:“你的錢足夠你日常開支嗎?”“當(dāng)然了。足夠并且有節(jié)余?!眘pend “花費(fèi)”;fill “填充”;offer “(主動(dòng))提供”。5C考查動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。fit in“相處融洽,合得來”。句意“艾米加入了一個(gè)繪畫小組,可是她好像相處得不融洽,所以就離開了”。show off “炫耀,賣弄”;go up “上升,上漲”;e over “順便來訪”,A、B、D三項(xiàng)都不符合句意。創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練1Asubmit to意為“屈從于,甘受”;subscribe to意為“同意,贊成”;correspond意為“與符合,相當(dāng)于”;apply to意為“向申請(qǐng),適用于”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選A項(xiàng),表示“向命運(yùn)屈服的那些人”。2Apromise意為“允諾,有指望”;agree意為“同意,答應(yīng)”;pretend意為“假裝”;intend意為“打算,企圖”。句意:這部新電影有望成為史上最賺錢的電影之一。3Bowe to意為“歸功于”;contribute to意為“有助于,促成”;attach to意為“使附屬”;relate to意為“涉及,了解”。句意:“弗蘭克從觀察和體驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)的能力非常有利于他在公眾生活中的成功?!?Bgo可表示“(語言等)說,表達(dá)”,as.goes為常用句型,表示“正如所說的”。5Ccount意為“有重要意義,有價(jià)值”;fit意為“(衣服)合身,適合”;do意為“足夠,適合,行”;satisfy意為“令人滿意,令人滿足”。根據(jù)語境判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng),表示“鉛筆行嗎?”6Brequire意為“需要,要求,命令”;acquire意為“獲得,取得,學(xué)到”;inquire意為“詢問,打聽”;inspire意為“激發(fā),鼓舞,啟示,使產(chǎn)生靈感”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng),表示“該作品在作曲者的傾慕者中獲得了經(jīng)典作品的地位”。7Coffend意為“冒犯,觸怒”;explore意為“探測,探險(xiǎn)”;promote意為“推銷,宣傳,晉升”;reserve意為“保存,保留”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng),表示“宣傳他的電影”。8C根據(jù)后面的形容詞soft判斷此處feel是系動(dòng)詞,表示“(某物)摸起來”的意思,不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),可排除A、D項(xiàng);根據(jù)對(duì)話情景可知,此處說明的是材料的常規(guī)特性,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),不能用過去時(shí),所以答案為C項(xiàng)。9Ccatch up with意為“趕上”;e up with意為“提出,想出”;e down with意為“染上疾病,患病”;do away with意為“處理,對(duì)付”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng),表示“染上流感”。10Dget out意為“逃脫,出去”;pick out意為“挑出,挑選”;take out意為“取出”;sort out意為“整理,解決”。后半句句意:她能解決電腦出現(xiàn)的許多問題。11Cshow off意為“炫耀”;pay back意為“償還”;pay off意為“帶來好結(jié)果,成功”;turn up意為“出現(xiàn)”。句意:珍妮照常努力學(xué)習(xí)而且也有了回報(bào),她又一次在期末考試中獲得第一名。12Aget through意為“度過,做完,接通”;get over意為“越過,從疾病中恢復(fù),克服困難”;get off意為“離開,從下來”;get away意為“離開,脫身,擺脫”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選A項(xiàng),表示“讀完這本小說”。13Acorrespond with意為“與符合”;appeal to意為“向呼吁,懇求”;respond to意為“對(duì)作出回答、反應(yīng)”;rely on意為“依靠;依賴”。句意:布萊克先生問道:“信封上的名字與里面信中的名字相符嗎?”14Dput away意為“儲(chǔ)存,放好,收拾好”;take down意為“取下,記下,拆除”;look over意為“仔細(xì)檢查”;carry on意為“繼續(xù)”。由題干中的went back可知“就餐過后,經(jīng)理們返回辦公室繼續(xù)他們的討論?!惫收_答案應(yīng)為 D項(xiàng)。15DA項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)”;B項(xiàng)意為“取回”;C項(xiàng)意為“損壞,出故障”;D項(xiàng)意為“把收起來”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選D項(xiàng),表示“如果你把這樣的感受放一邊(不要老是被失敗的感受影響你),下次你會(huì)做得更好”。- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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