《13第十三講 虛擬語氣》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《13第十三講 虛擬語氣（10頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第十三講虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣表示所說的話不是事實，而只是一種愿望、猜測、假設、建議，并且這種愿望、建議等實現(xiàn)的可能性很少或根本不能實現(xiàn)時，所使用的語氣就是虛擬語氣。如：
IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheskyfreely.要是我是一只鳥，我就能自由自在地在天空飛翔。
I'dratheryoucamethisafternoon.我倒想要你今下午來。
一條件句中的虛擬語氣（主句和從句都要用虛擬語氣）
虛擬條件句
主句
例句
1與現(xiàn)在
If+主語+did
主
語
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.
事實相
（動詞的
2、過去式）
+should/would/could/might
IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogo
反的假
（be動詞用were）
do（動詞原形）
abroad.
設
2與過去
If+主語+haddone
主
語
Ifyoudtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothave
事實相
（過去分詞）
+should/would/could/might
failedintheexam.
反的假
havedone（過去分詞）
設
3與將來
①If+主語+d
3、id
Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethe
事實相
（動詞過去式）
主
語
meeting.
反的假
②If+主語+wereto
+should/would/could/might
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeeting
設
do（動詞原形）
do（動詞原形）
wouldbeputoff.
③If+主語+should
Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldput
do（動詞原形）
offthemeetinguntilnextM
4、onday.
典型例題^
①Ifit
.Saturdaytoday,we
foranouting,
A.were
wentB.
shouldbe;wouldgo
C.was;willgoD.shouldbe;willgo
②
yourarrival,I'dhavemetyouattherailway.
A.IfIknowB.ShouldIknowC.IfIhadknow
D.IfIknew
◎四個情態(tài)動詞在主句中的用法（主句中should只用于第一人稱，從句中的should可用于各種人稱）
用法
例句
1.若表示在某一假設的條
5、件下，必然而然就會發(fā)生某事，第一人稱可用should或would
而二、三人稱只用would.
IfIhadgonetothepartylastnight,Ishouldhavemether.
IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
Ifyouhadmoney,youwouldbuyacar
Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.
2.若表示在某一假設條件下就能夠干某事，各人稱都用could.
IfIwereyou,Icouldnoticehisstrangebehavior.
If
6、youhadtakenmyadvice,youcouldhavefinishedyourwork.
IfitwereSunday,shecouldgotoseehergrandma.
3.如果表示在某種假設條件下有可能會發(fā)生某事，各人稱都用might.
IfIhadtime,Imightgoshopping.
Ifyouhadworkedatthattime,youmightbeagreatscientist.
Ifhecame,hemightsolvetheproblem.
二錯綜時間虛擬條件句
情況
例句
1從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的
7、事實不符。
IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.
Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.
Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.
Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.
2從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。
Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.
I
8、fheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.
典型例題^
--HowIwishIhadstudiedharderwhenIwasinschool!
--Ifyouhad,youworkintolateeverydaynowadays.
A.don'tB.wouldn'tC.didn'tD.won't
三含蓄虛擬條件句
情況
特點
例句
1
省略連
詞if
當虛擬條件句中含有were，had,should，等動詞時，可以將if省略，然后將were，had，should，等詞移至句首，構成主謂倒裝。
注意：順便說一句，以上移至句首的had不一定是
9、助動詞，如果是實義動詞也可倒裝
Ifheshouldfail,hewouldkillhimself.—Shouldhefail，hewouldkillhimself.
IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitatonce.
—WereIyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.
Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
—Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
Ifhehadmoney,hewouldbuyacar.—Hadhemoney,hewouldbuy
10、acar.
★youraddress，Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.
A.DidIknowB.WereItoknowC.HadIknownD.IfIshouldknow
2將條件隱含在介詞短語中
butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,under,
(undermorefavorablecondition)
Withoutair,noonecouldlive.
(=Iftherewerenoair,noonecouldlive.)
Butforhishelp,hewouldhavefailed.
(=Ifithadn'tbeenforh
11、ishelp,hewouldhavefailed.)
★ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon
3
將條件隱含在某些連詞
or,orelse,otherwise,
sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若)，forfearthat(惟
恐),onconditionthat,ifonly
①句子(一般現(xiàn)在
12、時)+or,orelse,otherwise+句子(謂語：should\would\could\might+動詞原形)
它們后的句子如果說的不是客觀事實，它們前邊的句子采用陳述語氣，后邊的句子采用虛擬語氣。
I'mreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.(otherwise=ifIwerenotsobusy)
Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIcouldhavegonetherewiththem.(=IfIhadn'tbebusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewithyou.)
13、
②句子(一般過去時)+or,orelse,otherwise+句子(謂語：should\would\could\might+havedone
Ididn'tknowthathewasacheat,orelseIwouldn'thavebelievedhim.
(orelse=ifIhadknownhewasacheat)
★Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal.
A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored
4將條件隱含在一定的上下文中
Do
14、n'tbothertoreadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoolong.(=...Ifyoureadallthesepapers,itwouldtaketoolong)
Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.
(=IfIhadn'tbeenill,I.)
5有時，
虛擬條
件句中
主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。
① 省略從句
② 省略主句
Hewouldhavefinishedit.
Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.
IfIwereathomenow.
15、
IfonlyIhadgotit.
四名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
從句
情況
例句
1主語從句
在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，結構為：
（should）+動
詞原形，主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。
① Itis/was+adj.
Itisadmirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/remarkable/sad/advisable/annoying/disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious/desirable/import
16、ant/vital/strange/peculiar/proper/necessary/natural...that...
② Itis+n
Itisapity/ashame/nowonder..that.
③ Itissuggested/requested/desired/proposed
/asked/decided/commanded/insisted....that...
④ Itworriesmethat.
Itisimportantthatweshoulddowellinourlessonsfirst.
Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.
17、
Itisapitythatweshouldnotmeetlastnight.
Itissuggestedthatweshouldworkhard.
Itworriesmethatweshouldbeblamedforthat.
★Itisvitalthatweactoutatoncetoprotecttheenvironment.
A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.can
2賓語從句
①表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist（堅決要求），order,propo
18、se,request,suggest（建議）結構為：（should）+原形動詞注意：當insist的意思為：堅決認為，堅持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。
Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.
ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.
Tominsistedthathehadn'tstolenthewatch.
Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededint
19、hisexam.
★John'spalefacesuggestedthatheill,andhisparentssuggestedthathea
medicalexamination.
A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.shouldbe,hadD.was,has
賓語從句
②believe,expect,suspect,think,imagine等動詞的否定句或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。
結構為：should+原形動詞
Canyoubelievethatheshouldkillatiger?
Canyouimaginethatheshouldtak
20、ethefirstplaceinthelongjumpcontest?
③wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現(xiàn)或根本不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。結構為：
現(xiàn)在過去時（be用were）
過去（1）had+過去分詞；
（2）would/could/might/should
+have+過去分詞
將來would/could/might/should+
原形動詞
IwishIlearntEnglishwell.
IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek.
IwishIcouldhavetakepartinthegame.
Hewisheswec
21、ouldgoandplaygameswithhim.
★Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit.
A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgoD.cannothavegone
④wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的兵語從句常表示與各觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。
現(xiàn)在過去時（be用were）
過去had+過去分詞將來過去時（be用were）
I'dratheryouwereherenow.
I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterd
22、ay.
We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.
3表語從句
同位語從句
表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice,desire,decision,idea,
instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish充當句子的主語而后面接表語從句或同位語時，表語從表及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。結構：（should）+動詞原形。
Hissuggestionisthatweshoulddoourworkmorecarefully.
Theirplanis
23、thattheyshouldbuildanewfactoryintheirhometown.0
Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldaskourteacherforhelp.
Hetoldushisideathatheshouldgotouniversity.
★Youradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.
A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited
五 定語從句中的虛擬語氣表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結構為Itis(high/about
24、)timethat+主語+動詞的過去式/(should)+動詞原形。
ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.
Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.
★Don'tyouthinkitistimeyousmoking?
A.giveupB,gaveupC.wouldgiveupD.shouldgiveup
六 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
從
句
用法
例句
1
①forfearthat,incase,lest引導的目的狀語
從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：
should+動詞原形。should不能
25、省略
Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein.
Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.
目
的
②sothat,inorderthat所引導的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can/may/could/might/will/would/should+動原
Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.
Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword.
★①
26、ReaditaloudsothatIyouclearly.
A.mayhearB.willhearC.hear
D.haveheard
②Heisworkinghardforfearthathe.
A.fellbehindB.mayfallbehind
C.shouldfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind
2
讓
_lB步
①在evenif,eventhough所引導的讓步狀
語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的
結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同
Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.
27、
NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.
★Ididn'tknowthisPicassoexhibitwasclosed,butIwouldn'thavebeenabletocomeevenifaboutit.
A.IknowB.IhaddknownC.IhavebeenknowingD.I'veknow
②在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,nomatterwh-word等引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結構為：主句結構不限
現(xiàn)在或將來may+動詞原
28、形
過去may+完成式（指過去）
Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhat/whatevermayhappen.
Wewillfindhimwherever/nomatterwherehemaybe.
Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemaycome.
Youmustn'tbeproudwhatever/nomatterwhatgreatprogressyoumayhavemade.
Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhat/whatevermistakeshemayhavemade.
③在though,alt
29、hough等引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結構為should+動詞原形，主句結構不限。
Although/Thoughheshouldoftenbelate,heisagoodstudent.
Although/Thoughheshouldbesecretary,hemustobeytherules.
3
方
式
asif,asthough引導的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。
現(xiàn)在過去時（be用were）
過去had+過去分詞
將來would/could/might/should+原
形動詞
Hetreatedmeasthough/asifIwerehisownson.
30、
Thelittlegirltalkedinthatvoiceasifshewereanadult.
Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong.
Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome.
★Hetalksasifheeverythingintheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknown
4
原
因
amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleas
31、ed,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其結構為：
① should+原形動詞（指現(xiàn)在或將來）。
② should+完成式，指過去
Hewasangrythatyoushouldcallhimbyname.。
Iwasastonishedthatheshouldnotanswersuchaneasyquestion.
I'mverysorrythatyoushouldhavefailedtheexam.
IwasverysurprisedthatFathershouldhaveknownwhatIdidyesterday.
32、七常用虛擬語氣的句型
情況
例句
“若不是（有）”“要不是有”
Ifitweren'tfor...
Ifithadn'tbeenfor.
Ifitweren'tforwater,noplantcouldgrow。
Youwouldn'tbeanywhereifitweren'tforRuth.
Ifithadn'tbeenforthedoctor,hewouldhavedied.
Ifithadn'tbeenforMary,Imightnothaveunderstood.
Ifonly引導的感嘆句
①現(xiàn)在或將來過去式（be-were）
過去would/could/might+動詞原形
Ifonlyshewerealive.
Ifonlyitwouldstopraining.
Ifonlyhehadrememberedtoclosethedoor.
★--Anyinformationaboutyouson?
--No.IfonlyIthosetoughwordstohim.
A.didn'tsayB.hadn'tsaidC.shouldn'thavesaidD.couldn'thavesaid
10
13第十三講 虛擬語氣
