13第十三講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

《13第十三講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《13第十三講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（10頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第十三講虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而只是一種愿望、猜測(cè)、假設(shè)、建議，并且這種愿望、建議等實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很少或根本不能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，所使用的語(yǔ)氣就是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如： IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheskyfreely.要是我是一只鳥，我就能自由自在地在天空飛翔。 I'dratheryoucamethisafternoon.我倒想要你今下午來(lái)。 一條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（主句和從句都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣） 虛擬條件句 主句 例句 1與現(xiàn)在 If+主語(yǔ)+did 主 語(yǔ) IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting. 事實(shí)相 （動(dòng)詞的

2、過(guò)去式） +should/would/could/might IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogo 反的假 （be動(dòng)詞用were） do（動(dòng)詞原形） abroad. 設(shè) 2與過(guò)去 If+主語(yǔ)+haddone 主 語(yǔ) Ifyoudtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothave 事實(shí)相 （過(guò)去分詞） +should/would/could/might failedintheexam. 反的假 havedone（過(guò)去分詞） 設(shè) 3與將來(lái) ①If+主語(yǔ)+d

3、id Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethe 事實(shí)相 （動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式） 主 語(yǔ) meeting. 反的假 ②If+主語(yǔ)+wereto +should/would/could/might Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeeting 設(shè) do（動(dòng)詞原形） do（動(dòng)詞原形） wouldbeputoff. ③If+主語(yǔ)+should Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldput do（動(dòng)詞原形） offthemeetinguntilnextM

4、onday. 典型例題^ ①Ifit .Saturdaytoday,we foranouting, A.were wentB. shouldbe;wouldgo C.was;willgoD.shouldbe;willgo ② yourarrival,I'dhavemetyouattherailway. A.IfIknowB.ShouldIknowC.IfIhadknow D.IfIknew ◎四個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在主句中的用法（主句中should只用于第一人稱，從句中的should可用于各種人稱） 用法 例句 1.若表示在某一假設(shè)的條

5、件下，必然而然就會(huì)發(fā)生某事，第一人稱可用should或would 而二、三人稱只用would. IfIhadgonetothepartylastnight,Ishouldhavemether. IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit. Ifyouhadmoney,youwouldbuyacar Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell. 2.若表示在某一假設(shè)條件下就能夠干某事，各人稱都用could. IfIwereyou,Icouldnoticehisstrangebehavior. If

6、youhadtakenmyadvice,youcouldhavefinishedyourwork. IfitwereSunday,shecouldgotoseehergrandma. 3.如果表示在某種假設(shè)條件下有可能會(huì)發(fā)生某事，各人稱都用might. IfIhadtime,Imightgoshopping. Ifyouhadworkedatthattime,youmightbeagreatscientist. Ifhecame,hemightsolvetheproblem. 二錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 情況 例句 1從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的

7、事實(shí)不符。 IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too. Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow. Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter. Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow. 2從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。 Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing. I

8、fheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher. 典型例題^ --HowIwishIhadstudiedharderwhenIwasinschool! --Ifyouhad,youworkintolateeverydaynowadays. A.don'tB.wouldn'tC.didn'tD.won't 三含蓄虛擬條件句 情況 特點(diǎn) 例句 1 省略連 詞if 當(dāng)虛擬條件句中含有were，had,should，等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以將if省略，然后將were，had，should，等詞移至句首，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。 注意：順便說(shuō)一句，以上移至句首的had不一定是

9、助動(dòng)詞，如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也可倒裝 Ifheshouldfail,hewouldkillhimself.—Shouldhefail，hewouldkillhimself. IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitatonce. —WereIyou，Iwoulddoitatonce. Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit. —Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit. Ifhehadmoney,hewouldbuyacar.—Hadhemoney,hewouldbuy

10、acar. ★youraddress，Iwouldhavewrittentoyou. A.DidIknowB.WereItoknowC.HadIknownD.IfIshouldknow 2將條件隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中 butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,under, (undermorefavorablecondition) Withoutair,noonecouldlive. (=Iftherewerenoair,noonecouldlive.) Butforhishelp,hewouldhavefailed. (=Ifithadn'tbeenforh

11、ishelp,hewouldhavefailed.) ★ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition. A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon 3 將條件隱含在某些連詞 or,orelse,otherwise, sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若)，forfearthat(惟 恐),onconditionthat,ifonly ①句子(一般現(xiàn)在

12、時(shí))+or,orelse,otherwise+句子(謂語(yǔ)：should\would\could\might+動(dòng)詞原形) 它們后的句子如果說(shuō)的不是客觀事實(shí)，它們前邊的句子采用陳述語(yǔ)氣，后邊的句子采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 I'mreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.(otherwise=ifIwerenotsobusy) Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIcouldhavegonetherewiththem.(=IfIhadn'tbebusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewithyou.)

13、 ②句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))+or,orelse,otherwise+句子(謂語(yǔ)：should\would\could\might+havedone Ididn'tknowthathewasacheat,orelseIwouldn'thavebelievedhim. (orelse=ifIhadknownhewasacheat) ★Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal. A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored 4將條件隱含在一定的上下文中 Do

14、n'tbothertoreadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoolong.(=...Ifyoureadallthesepapers,itwouldtaketoolong) Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill. (=IfIhadn'tbeenill,I.) 5有時(shí)， 虛擬條 件句中 主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。 ① 省略從句 ② 省略主句 Hewouldhavefinishedit. Youcouldhavepassedthisexam. IfIwereathomenow.

15、 IfonlyIhadgotit. 四名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 從句 情況 例句 1主語(yǔ)從句 在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)為： （should）+動(dòng) 詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。 ① Itis/was+adj. Itisadmirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/remarkable/sad/advisable/annoying/disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious/desirable/import

16、ant/vital/strange/peculiar/proper/necessary/natural...that... ② Itis+n Itisapity/ashame/nowonder..that. ③ Itissuggested/requested/desired/proposed /asked/decided/commanded/insisted....that... ④ Itworriesmethat. Itisimportantthatweshoulddowellinourlessonsfirst. Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.

17、 Itisapitythatweshouldnotmeetlastnight. Itissuggestedthatweshouldworkhard. Itworriesmethatweshouldbeblamedforthat. ★Itisvitalthatweactoutatoncetoprotecttheenvironment. A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.can 2賓語(yǔ)從句 ①表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist（堅(jiān)決要求），order,propo

18、se,request,suggest（建議）結(jié)構(gòu)為：（should）+原形動(dòng)詞注意：當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere. ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul. Tominsistedthathehadn'tstolenthewatch. Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededint

19、hisexam. ★John'spalefacesuggestedthatheill,andhisparentssuggestedthathea medicalexamination. A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.shouldbe,hadD.was,has 賓語(yǔ)從句 ②believe,expect,suspect,think,imagine等動(dòng)詞的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 結(jié)構(gòu)為：should+原形動(dòng)詞 Canyoubelievethatheshouldkillatiger? Canyouimaginethatheshouldtak

20、ethefirstplaceinthelongjumpcontest? ③wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)構(gòu)為： 現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were） 過(guò)去（1）had+過(guò)去分詞； （2）would/could/might/should +have+過(guò)去分詞 將來(lái)would/could/might/should+ 原形動(dòng)詞 IwishIlearntEnglishwell. IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek. IwishIcouldhavetakepartinthegame. Hewisheswec

21、ouldgoandplaygameswithhim. ★Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit. A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgoD.cannothavegone ④wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的兵語(yǔ)從句常表示與各觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were） 過(guò)去had+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were） I'dratheryouwereherenow. I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterd

22、ay. We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow. 3表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice,desire,decision,idea, instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)而后面接表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從表及同位語(yǔ)從句都須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)構(gòu)：（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。 Hissuggestionisthatweshoulddoourworkmorecarefully. Theirplanis

23、thattheyshouldbuildanewfactoryintheirhometown.0 Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldaskourteacherforhelp. Hetoldushisideathatheshouldgotouniversity. ★Youradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable. A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited 五 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis(high/about

24、)timethat+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式/(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。 ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool. Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork. ★Don'tyouthinkitistimeyousmoking? A.giveupB,gaveupC.wouldgiveupD.shouldgiveup 六 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 從 句 用法 例句 1 ①forfearthat,incase,lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ) 從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為： should+動(dòng)詞原形。should不能

25、省略 Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein. Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate. 目 的 ②sothat,inorderthat所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為：can/may/could/might/will/would/should+動(dòng)原 Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer. Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword. ★①

26、ReaditaloudsothatIyouclearly. A.mayhearB.willhearC.hear D.haveheard ②Heisworkinghardforfearthathe. A.fellbehindB.mayfallbehind C.shouldfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind 2 讓 _lB步 ①在evenif,eventhough所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀 語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的 結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同 Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.

27、 NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere. ★Ididn'tknowthisPicassoexhibitwasclosed,butIwouldn'thavebeenabletocomeevenifaboutit. A.IknowB.IhaddknownC.IhavebeenknowingD.I'veknow ②在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,nomatterwh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限 現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)may+動(dòng)詞原

28、形 過(guò)去may+完成式（指過(guò)去） Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhat/whatevermayhappen. Wewillfindhimwherever/nomatterwherehemaybe. Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemaycome. Youmustn'tbeproudwhatever/nomatterwhatgreatprogressyoumayhavemade. Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhat/whatevermistakeshemayhavemade. ③在though,alt

29、hough等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動(dòng)詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。 Although/Thoughheshouldoftenbelate,heisagoodstudent. Although/Thoughheshouldbesecretary,hemustobeytherules. 3 方 式 asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were） 過(guò)去had+過(guò)去分詞 將來(lái)would/could/might/should+原 形動(dòng)詞 Hetreatedmeasthough/asifIwerehisownson.

30、 Thelittlegirltalkedinthatvoiceasifshewereanadult. Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong. Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome. ★Hetalksasifheeverythingintheworld. A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknown 4 原 因 amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleas

31、ed,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)為： ① should+原形動(dòng)詞（指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)）。 ② should+完成式，指過(guò)去 Hewasangrythatyoushouldcallhimbyname.。 Iwasastonishedthatheshouldnotanswersuchaneasyquestion. I'mverysorrythatyoushouldhavefailedtheexam. IwasverysurprisedthatFathershouldhaveknownwhatIdidyesterday.

32、七常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型 情況 例句 “若不是（有）”“要不是有” Ifitweren'tfor... Ifithadn'tbeenfor. Ifitweren'tforwater,noplantcouldgrow。 Youwouldn'tbeanywhereifitweren'tforRuth. Ifithadn'tbeenforthedoctor,hewouldhavedied. Ifithadn'tbeenforMary,Imightnothaveunderstood. Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 ①現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)過(guò)去式（be-were） 過(guò)去would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 Ifonlyshewerealive. Ifonlyitwouldstopraining. Ifonlyhehadrememberedtoclosethedoor. ★--Anyinformationaboutyouson? --No.IfonlyIthosetoughwordstohim. A.didn'tsayB.hadn'tsaidC.shouldn'thavesaidD.couldn'thavesaid 10