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1、初二英語(yǔ)下 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 馬思特教育 Unit 1重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解Grammar一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，必須和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。1. should的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+should+doThey should eat a balaced diet.他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食。否定句主語(yǔ)+should not +doThey shouldnt eat too much.他們不該吃得太多。一般疑問(wèn)句-Should + 主語(yǔ)
2、 +do+?-yes, 主語(yǔ)+should.-No, 主語(yǔ)+shouldnt.-Its too cold. Should I close the window?太冷了，我該關(guān)上窗戶嗎？-Yes, you _./No, you _.是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。2.should的用法用法例句表示勸告、建議You _ answer the question in English.你應(yīng)該用英語(yǔ)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。表示推測(cè)They _ be at home now, I think.我認(rèn)為，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等 How _ I know it?我怎么知道這間事情呢？注意：should在以
3、why，who，how等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句中，意為“竟然，居然，怎么會(huì)”，表示意外、驚喜或在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)是不可思議的。二、 其他表示建議的句型用法例句Shall we/I + do+?Shall we _ for a walk? 咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?？What/How about+doing/sth?What about _ swimming? 去游泳怎么樣？Lets + do?Lets _ and _ them.咱們?nèi)タ纯此麄儼?。Youd/Wed better (not) + do?We _ _ wait a little longer.我們最好再稍等一會(huì)兒。Why dont you + do ?Wh
4、y dont you _ a walk outside?為什么不出去散步呢？Why not + do?Why _ _ a walk outside?為什么不出去散步呢？三、 反身代詞表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱(chēng)、第二人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格形式，詞尾加self或selves組成。反身代詞可譯“本人”、“本身”，為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱(chēng)代詞one-oneself.1、反身代詞的分類(lèi)數(shù) 人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselves
5、themselves2、反身代詞的用法用法說(shuō)明例句作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,look after, get dressed 作賓語(yǔ)He is teaching _ English.他在自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。We enjoyed _ last night.昨天晚上我們玩得很開(kāi)心。做介詞的賓語(yǔ)常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語(yǔ)She lives by _ in the countryside.她一個(gè)人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。做同位語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Did you make the cake _?這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛？Mr.
6、 Black _ is a lawyer.布萊克先生本人就是一名律師。做表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)“自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been _ recently.瑪麗最近有些不對(duì)勁。單詞的用法Section A1. Whats the matter?怎么了？該句常用詢(xún)問(wèn)某人患了何種疾病或遇到了什么麻煩，其后用with引出對(duì)象。1). Whats the matter with sb.?=whats wrong with sb.?=whats the trouble/problem with sb.?=whats ones trouble/problem?e.g. W
7、hats the matter with Tom?=whats _ with Tom?=Whats the _ with Tom?=Whats Toms _?2). matter, 名詞，“問(wèn)題，事情”e.g. We have important _(matter) to discuss.我們有些重要的問(wèn)題要討論。3). 動(dòng)詞，“要緊，關(guān)系重大”e.g. It dosent _ that you came late.2. I have a cold.我感冒了。1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒，著涼”The old man _ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨
8、天感冒了。2). “have +a/an +疾病名稱(chēng)”意為“得了.病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache3. I have a sore back.我背痛?！癐 have a sore + 身體部位”意為“痛”辨析sore和achesore形容詞，意為“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身體部位名詞前sore feet sore leg sore throatache名詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞headache; stomachache4. lie down and and rest.1).lie 的不同含義及詞性變化單詞詞性詞義現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞lie動(dòng)詞躺；平躺
9、lyinglayLainlie動(dòng)詞說(shuō)謊lyingliedLiedlie名詞謊言無(wú)無(wú)無(wú)Katy _ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凱蒂昨晚躺在床上看書(shū)。He _(lie) to me about the result.對(duì)于結(jié)果他對(duì)我說(shuō)了謊。2). rest 動(dòng)詞，“休息，放松”May him rest in peace.have/take a rest 休息，放松=rest5. You need to take breaks away from the computer.take breaks = take/have a brea
10、k 休息We are _ a break under the tree.我們正在樹(shù)下休息。6. Yeah，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同樣的姿勢(shì)一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐太久了。1). In the same way:以同樣的方式，以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way.2).without為介詞，意為“無(wú)，沒(méi)有，不”You cant buy things _ money! 你沒(méi)有錢(qián)就買(mǎi)不了東西。He left without _ anyt
11、hing.他什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)就離開(kāi)了。7. When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.這時(shí)，司機(jī)看到路邊躺著一位老人。see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽(tīng)到的動(dòng)作的正在進(jìn)行see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽(tīng)到的動(dòng)作的完整性e.g. I often _ him _ in the garden last month. 上個(gè)月，我總是看到他在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過(guò)程) I _ him _ in the garden when I pa
12、ssed by yersterday. 昨天我看見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.1).expect +名詞/代詞 “期待；預(yù)料”I am _ a phone call from her.我正在等她的電話。2).expect to do sth.She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with
13、 him.4).expect +that 從句 I expect that hell come back tomorrow.9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.1). to ones surprise “使驚訝的是，出乎意料”_ my _(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.讓我驚訝的是，他拒絕與我們合作。2). agree “同意”a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事”b. agree with sb.c. agree on sth. “就某事達(dá)成一致”e
14、.g. My mother agreed _(buy) me a new pen. I entirely agree _ you. We agree _ the question.10. 辨析thanks to /thanks for thanks to “多虧，由于”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或doingthanks for“因而感謝”，for 后接感謝的原因，常為名詞或doing形式，Thanks _ you, I am not lost.幸虧你我才沒(méi)有迷路。Thanks _ sending me such a nice gift. 謝謝你寄給我這么好的一個(gè)禮物。11. get int
15、o trouble “造成麻煩（或煩惱）;陷入困境” trouble是不可數(shù)名詞。be in trouble “再麻煩和困境中”e.g. Lisa _ _ trouble when she climed the mountain.Let us help the people who are _ _. 12. Did you fall down?fall-fell-fallenfall down 意為“倒下”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，加from連接賓語(yǔ)，fall down from，表示“從摔下”fall off“跌落”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“從某處跌落，摔下來(lái)”=fall down fro
16、me.g. The dog _ down dead.那條狗倒下去死了。 The boy _ _ _ the tree and broke his legs. The girl _ _ the bike.Section B1. Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的，惡心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品質(zhì)惡劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定語(yǔ)，也可以用作表語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)時(shí)“惡心的”ill 既可以作定語(yǔ)，也可以用作表語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)：表示“品質(zhì)惡劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _.He is an _ student, becaus
17、e he smokes and drinks.I have to look after my _ sister home at home today.2. Someone got hit on the head.有人頭部受到了撞擊。1).get hit 為系表結(jié)構(gòu)：get hit +on/in +the+身體部位的名詞，表示 “某身體部位受到了撞擊”e.g. The police officer _ _on the shoulder. 這位警官的肩膀受到了撞擊。2). hit, “打擊，擊中” 如果強(qiáng)調(diào) “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身體部位”e.g. T
18、he bullet hit him on the back. 子彈擊中了他的后背。3).hit可以做名詞，“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的成功的人或事；風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的作品”。e.g. The song was a hit at once.3. have problems breathing1). breathe, a.動(dòng)詞“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名詞，breath，沒(méi)有“e” take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold ones breath 屏住呼吸2). have problems (in) doing
19、sth. “做某事有困難或麻煩” e.g. I have _ _ English. 我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)有困難。4. 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞+名詞/doingbe used to do意為“被用來(lái)做”to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形used to do意為“過(guò)去常常”，to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形e.g. I am _ to _ up early.我習(xí)慣早起。A pen is _ to _.鋼筆是用來(lái)寫(xiě)字的。He _ to _ books for an hour every day.他
20、過(guò)去常常每天讀一個(gè)小時(shí)的書(shū)。5. find + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)1). find 賓語(yǔ) adj. We found him dishonest. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。2).find 賓語(yǔ) doing We found him _others homework. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在抄別人作業(yè)。3).find 賓語(yǔ) 副詞和介詞短語(yǔ) I am so glad to find you _.我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)你在家。 I found the clothes _ _ style. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些衣服過(guò)時(shí)了。6. 辨析run out/run out of 用盡，耗盡run out“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不接賓
21、語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是“事物”時(shí)間，金錢(qián)等run out of“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以接賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是“人”O(jiān)ur money is _ out. 我們的錢(qián)快用光了。We are running out _ money. 我們的錢(qián)快用光了。7. 辨析so that /sothatso that“以便，為了”=in order that, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，常與can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。so.that“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so為副詞，+adj/adv;that 后跟從句。可以與enough to
22、do和tooto do進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. They got up early _ _ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _ _ I can follow you.Tom ran _ fast _ I couldnt catch up with him.=Tom ran _ fast _ catch up with.8. so that 用法。1). so + adj./adv. +that2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that3). so + many/much/few/little +n.thate.g. The c
23、eiling is so high that we couldnt reach. 天花板如此高，我們夠不著。His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他兒子那么高，幾乎夠到天花板了。Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凱特跌倒了好多次，摔得身體青一款紫一塊。9. give up 放棄1). “動(dòng)詞+副詞”代詞做賓語(yǔ)，代詞放中間。give it/them/him/herup2). give up doing its good for y
24、ou to give up _. 戒煙對(duì)你有好處。10. I hurt myself playing soccer.playing soccer 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。其邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)。e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _ for a test. 昨天我為測(cè)驗(yàn)熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。重點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)一、單項(xiàng)選擇。（ ） 1. The pear is too big for me. Let me _ a part for you.A. cut downB. cut offC cut upD. cut in（ ） 2. Grace bought a lot
25、 of new clothes and _ all her money.A. run outB. run out ofC. ran ofD. ran out of（） 3. Your temperature is 39C. Maybe you _.A. have a coldB. have a headacheC. have a feverD. have a sore back（） 4. Did you catch your plane? Yes. We got there just _.A. on the timeB. at timesC. in timeD. in the time（） 5
26、. Sue came to the small town five years ago and she _ here now.A. is used to liveB. is used to livingC. used to livingD. used to live（） 6. To _ surprise, the five-year-old boy can sing so many English songs.A. myB. meC. ID. mine（） 7. Emma likes dancing and she keeps on _ every day.A. dancingB. dance
27、sC. danceD. to dance（） 8. What happened _ you yesterday?I hurt myself in P.E. class.A. toB. onC. atD. with（） 9. Jim is always so busy _ he has little time for his family.A. ifB. untilC. thatD. when（） 10. Hi, John, _? My dogs leg is hurt.A. How are youB. Whats the matterC. Whos thatD. Whats Lucy like
28、二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Look! A dog is _ （lie） by the side of the road.2. The little girl usually finishes her homework by _ （her） anti doesnt need others help.3. When I came into the library, I saw him _ （read） a book there.4. Mr. Green agreed _ （help） me with my math.5. You arc late for school again.
29、I think you should _ （get） up early tomorrow.6. What does he mean _ （do）?7. Did you make a _ （decide） to study medicine?8. Mr. Li put so many _ （knife） into his bag.9. My dream is to be a _ （climb） one day.10. The little dogs _ （die） made me very sad.三、根據(jù)首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句中所缺的單詞。1. Susan took her tempera
30、ture and found she had a high f_.2. I have a t_ and I cant eat anything.3. You look so tired, so you need to have a r_.4. Tony usually plays games with his classmates during the b_ between two classes.5. I have a s_ throat so I cant say a word.6. We usually walk with our _ （腳） and see with our eyes.
31、7. Im feeling terrible. I have a _ （胃痛）.8. The river is too deep, but Tom and Tony take _ （冒險(xiǎn)） of swimming there.9. Alex got hurt in the car accident and lost much _（血）.10. Kates mother works in a hospital. Shes a _（護(hù)士）.四、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。1.他下了火車(chē)，然后就回家了。He _ _ the train and then went home.2.多虧了那位老人，我們找到
32、了回家的路。_ _ the old man, we found our way home.3.請(qǐng)記住當(dāng)你生氣的時(shí)候，不要做決定。Please remember not to _ _ _ when you are angry.4.為了能趕上火車(chē)，我六點(diǎn)鐘就出發(fā)了。I left at six _ _ I could catch the train.5.為了成功你不得不去冒險(xiǎn)。You have to _ _ in order catch to succeed.五、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（有兩個(gè)多余）。knifebreakdecideadvisetroubleriskhighhurtliedif
33、ferentseemcoughJohn likes to do sport very much. His favorite sport is mountain climbing. Last spring, he made a big 1. _ to climb Mount Everest. He knew it was difficult to climb the worlds 2. _ mountain. And there were lots of 3. _ in front of him, but he still wanted to do so. Because that was hi
34、s dream.May 5th was the most exciting day for John. After a 4. _in the tent, he and his guide started their journey to the top of the mountain. Everything 5. _ well at first. There was no wind or snow. But when they were close to the top, things were completely 6. _. The wind became strong and cold.
35、 He left like that many 7. _ were cutting his body. He felt sick and 8. _ a lot. The guide told John that they should turn back. He took the guides 9. _, but on the way he passed out. When John woke up, he found he was 10. _ in a hospital.答案一、 15. BDCCB610 AAACB二、 1. lying 2. herself 3. reading 4. t
36、o help 5. get 6. to do 7. decision 8. knives 9. climber 10. death三、 1. fever 2. toothache 3. rest 4. breaks 5. sore 6. feet 7. stomachache 8. risks 9. blood 10. nurse四、 1. got off 2. Thanks to 3. make a decision 4. so that 5. take risks五、 1. decision 2. highest 3. risks 4. break 5. seemed 6. different 7. knives 8. coughed 9. advice 10. lying
人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
