人教版八年級英語下冊 Unit1 知識點講解

初二英語下 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 馬思特教育 Unit 1重點知識講解Grammar一、 情態(tài)動詞（Modal Verbs）情態(tài)動詞should意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，必須和后面的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。1. should的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語+should+doThey should eat a balaced diet.他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食。否定句主語+should not +doThey shouldnt eat too much.他們不該吃得太多。一般疑問句-Should + 主語 +do+?-yes, 主語+should.-No, 主語+shouldnt.-Its too cold. Should I close the window?太冷了，我該關(guān)上窗戶嗎？-Yes, you _./No, you _.是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。2.should的用法用法例句表示勸告、建議You _ answer the question in English.你應(yīng)該用英語回答這個問題。表示推測They _ be at home now, I think.我認(rèn)為，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等 How _ I know it?我怎么知道這間事情呢？注意：should在以why，who，how等疑問詞開頭的問句中，意為“竟然，居然，怎么會”，表示意外、驚喜或在說話人看來是不可思議的。二、 其他表示建議的句型用法例句Shall we/I + do+?Shall we _ for a walk? 咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝幔縒hat/How about+doing/sth?What about _ swimming? 去游泳怎么樣？Lets + do?Lets _ and _ them.咱們?nèi)タ纯此麄儼?。Youd/Wed better (not) + do?We _ _ wait a little longer.我們最好再稍等一會兒。Why dont you + do ?Why dont you _ a walk outside?為什么不出去散步呢？Why not + do?Why _ _ a walk outside?為什么不出去散步呢？三、 反身代詞表示反射或強調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱代詞的賓格形式，詞尾加self或selves組成。反身代詞可譯“本人”、“本身”，為加強語氣，也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱代詞one-oneself.1、反身代詞的分類數(shù) 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代詞的用法用法說明例句作動詞的賓語常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,look after, get dressed 作賓語He is teaching _ English.他在自學(xué)英語。We enjoyed _ last night.昨天晚上我們玩得很開心。做介詞的賓語常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語She lives by _ in the countryside.她一個人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。做同位語強調(diào)作用、加強語氣Did you make the cake _?這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛？Mr. Black _ is a lawyer.布萊克先生本人就是一名律師。做表語強調(diào)“自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been _ recently.瑪麗最近有些不對勁。單詞的用法Section A1. Whats the matter?怎么了？該句常用詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了什么麻煩，其后用with引出對象。1). Whats the matter with sb.?=whats wrong with sb.?=whats the trouble/problem with sb.?=whats ones trouble/problem?e.g. Whats the matter with Tom?=whats _ with Tom?=Whats the _ with Tom?=Whats Toms _?2). matter, 名詞，“問題，事情”e.g. We have important _(matter) to discuss.我們有些重要的問題要討論。3). 動詞，“要緊，關(guān)系重大”e.g. It dosent _ that you came late.2. I have a cold.我感冒了。1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒，著涼”The old man _ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。2). “have +a/an +疾病名稱”意為“得了.病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache3. I have a sore back.我背痛?！癐 have a sore + 身體部位”意為“痛”辨析sore和achesore形容詞，意為“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身體部位名詞前sore feet sore leg sore throatache名詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞headache; stomachache4. lie down and and rest.1).lie 的不同含義及詞性變化單詞詞性詞義現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞lie動詞躺；平躺lyinglayLainlie動詞說謊lyingliedLiedlie名詞謊言無無無Katy _ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凱蒂昨晚躺在床上看書。He _(lie) to me about the result.對于結(jié)果他對我說了謊。2). rest 動詞，“休息，放松”May him rest in peace.have/take a rest 休息，放松=rest5. You need to take breaks away from the computer.take breaks = take/have a break 休息We are _ a break under the tree.我們正在樹下休息。6. Yeah，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同樣的姿勢一動不動地坐太久了。1). In the same way:以同樣的方式，以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way.2).without為介詞，意為“無，沒有，不”You cant buy things _ money! 你沒有錢就買不了東西。He left without _ anything.他什么都沒有說就離開了。7. When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.這時，司機看到路邊躺著一位老人。see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 強調(diào)看到/聽到的動作的正在進行see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 強調(diào)看到/聽到的動作的完整性e.g. I often _ him _ in the garden last month. 上個月，我總是看到他在花園里干活。(強調(diào)全過程) I _ him _ in the garden when I passed by yersterday. 昨天我看見他正在花園里干活。(強調(diào)動作正在進行)8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.1).expect +名詞/代詞 “期待；預(yù)料”I am _ a phone call from her.我正在等她的電話。2).expect to do sth.She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him.4).expect +that 從句 I expect that hell come back tomorrow.9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.1). to ones surprise “使驚訝的是，出乎意料”_ my _(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.讓我驚訝的是，他拒絕與我們合作。2). agree “同意”a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事”b. agree with sb.c. agree on sth. “就某事達成一致”e.g. My mother agreed _(buy) me a new pen. I entirely agree _ you. We agree _ the question.10. 辨析thanks to /thanks for thanks to “多虧，由于”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或doingthanks for“因而感謝”，for 后接感謝的原因，常為名詞或doing形式，Thanks _ you, I am not lost.幸虧你我才沒有迷路。Thanks _ sending me such a nice gift. 謝謝你寄給我這么好的一個禮物。11. get into trouble “造成麻煩（或煩惱）;陷入困境” trouble是不可數(shù)名詞。be in trouble “再麻煩和困境中”e.g. Lisa _ _ trouble when she climed the mountain.Let us help the people who are _ _. 12. Did you fall down?fall-fell-fallenfall down 意為“倒下”，強調(diào)的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟賓語，加from連接賓語，fall down from，表示“從摔下”fall off“跌落”，強調(diào)的是“從某處跌落，摔下來”=fall down frome.g. The dog _ down dead.那條狗倒下去死了。 The boy _ _ _ the tree and broke his legs. The girl _ _ the bike.Section B1. Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的，惡心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品質(zhì)惡劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定語，也可以用作表語。表語時“惡心的”ill 既可以作定語，也可以用作表語。作定語時：表示“品質(zhì)惡劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _.He is an _ student, because he smokes and drinks.I have to look after my _ sister home at home today.2. Someone got hit on the head.有人頭部受到了撞擊。1).get hit 為系表結(jié)構(gòu)：get hit +on/in +the+身體部位的名詞，表示 “某身體部位受到了撞擊”e.g. The police officer _ _on the shoulder. 這位警官的肩膀受到了撞擊。2). hit, “打擊，擊中” 如果強調(diào) “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身體部位”e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子彈擊中了他的后背。3).hit可以做名詞，“轟動一時的成功的人或事；風(fēng)靡一時的作品”。e.g. The song was a hit at once.3. have problems breathing1). breathe, a.動詞“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名詞，breath，沒有“e” take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold ones breath 屏住呼吸2). have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難或麻煩” e.g. I have _ _ English. 我學(xué)習(xí)英語有困難。4. 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞+名詞/doingbe used to do意為“被用來做”to為不定式符號+do原形used to do意為“過去常?！保瑃o為不定式符號+do原形e.g. I am _ to _ up early.我習(xí)慣早起。A pen is _ to _.鋼筆是用來寫字的。He _ to _ books for an hour every day.他過去常常每天讀一個小時的書。5. find + 賓語 + 賓補1). find 賓語 adj. We found him dishonest. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠實。2).find 賓語 doing We found him _others homework. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在抄別人作業(yè)。3).find 賓語 副詞和介詞短語 I am so glad to find you _.我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)你在家。 I found the clothes _ _ style. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些衣服過時了。6. 辨析run out/run out of 用盡，耗盡run out“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，后面不接賓語，主語通常是“事物”時間，金錢等run out of“動詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于及物動詞，后面可以接賓語，主語通常是“人”O(jiān)ur money is _ out. 我們的錢快用光了。We are running out _ money. 我們的錢快用光了。7. 辨析so that /sothatso that“以便，為了”=in order that, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，常與can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞。so.that“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so為副詞，+adj/adv;that 后跟從句。可以與enough to do和tooto do進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. They got up early _ _ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _ _ I can follow you.Tom ran _ fast _ I couldnt catch up with him.=Tom ran _ fast _ catch up with.8. so that 用法。1). so + adj./adv. +that2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that3). so + many/much/few/little +n.thate.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldnt reach. 天花板如此高，我們夠不著。His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他兒子那么高，幾乎夠到天花板了。Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凱特跌倒了好多次，摔得身體青一款紫一塊。9. give up 放棄1). “動詞+副詞”代詞做賓語，代詞放中間。give it/them/him/herup2). give up doing its good for you to give up _. 戒煙對你有好處。10. I hurt myself playing soccer.playing soccer 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。表示動作同時發(fā)生。其邏輯主語為句子的主語。e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _ for a test. 昨天我為測驗熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。重點精準(zhǔn)檢測一、單項選擇。（ ） 1. The pear is too big for me. Let me _ a part for you.A. cut downB. cut offC cut upD. cut in（ ） 2. Grace bought a lot of new clothes and _ all her money.A. run outB. run out ofC. ran ofD. ran out of（） 3. Your temperature is 39C. Maybe you _.A. have a coldB. have a headacheC. have a feverD. have a sore back（） 4. Did you catch your plane? Yes. We got there just _.A. on the timeB. at timesC. in timeD. in the time（） 5. Sue came to the small town five years ago and she _ here now.A. is used to liveB. is used to livingC. used to livingD. used to live（） 6. To _ surprise, the five-year-old boy can sing so many English songs.A. myB. meC. ID. mine（） 7. Emma likes dancing and she keeps on _ every day.A. dancingB. dancesC. danceD. to dance（） 8. What happened _ you yesterday?I hurt myself in P.E. class.A. toB. onC. atD. with（） 9. Jim is always so busy _ he has little time for his family.A. ifB. untilC. thatD. when（） 10. Hi, John, _? My dogs leg is hurt.A. How are youB. Whats the matterC. Whos thatD. Whats Lucy like二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Look! A dog is _ （lie） by the side of the road.2. The little girl usually finishes her homework by _ （her） anti doesnt need others help.3. When I came into the library, I saw him _ （read） a book there.4. Mr. Green agreed _ （help） me with my math.5. You arc late for school again. I think you should _ （get） up early tomorrow.6. What does he mean _ （do）?7. Did you make a _ （decide） to study medicine?8. Mr. Li put so many _ （knife） into his bag.9. My dream is to be a _ （climb） one day.10. The little dogs _ （die） made me very sad.三、根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示完成下列句中所缺的單詞。1. Susan took her temperature and found she had a high f_.2. I have a t_ and I cant eat anything.3. You look so tired, so you need to have a r_.4. Tony usually plays games with his classmates during the b_ between two classes.5. I have a s_ throat so I cant say a word.6. We usually walk with our _ （腳） and see with our eyes.7. Im feeling terrible. I have a _ （胃痛）.8. The river is too deep, but Tom and Tony take _ （冒險） of swimming there.9. Alex got hurt in the car accident and lost much _（血）.10. Kates mother works in a hospital. Shes a _（護士）.四、根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。1.他下了火車，然后就回家了。He _ _ the train and then went home.2.多虧了那位老人，我們找到了回家的路。_ _ the old man, we found our way home.3.請記住當(dāng)你生氣的時候，不要做決定。Please remember not to _ _ _ when you are angry.4.為了能趕上火車，我六點鐘就出發(fā)了。I left at six _ _ I could catch the train.5.為了成功你不得不去冒險。You have to _ _ in order catch to succeed.五、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（有兩個多余）。knifebreakdecideadvisetroubleriskhighhurtliedifferentseemcoughJohn likes to do sport very much. His favorite sport is mountain climbing. Last spring, he made a big 1. _ to climb Mount Everest. He knew it was difficult to climb the worlds 2. _ mountain. And there were lots of 3. _ in front of him, but he still wanted to do so. Because that was his dream.May 5th was the most exciting day for John. After a 4. _in the tent, he and his guide started their journey to the top of the mountain. Everything 5. _ well at first. There was no wind or snow. But when they were close to the top, things were completely 6. _. The wind became strong and cold. He left like that many 7. _ were cutting his body. He felt sick and 8. _ a lot. The guide told John that they should turn back. He took the guides 9. _, but on the way he passed out. When John woke up, he found he was 10. _ in a hospital.答案一、 15. BDCCB610 AAACB二、 1. lying 2. herself 3. reading 4. to help 5. get 6. to do 7. decision 8. knives 9. climber 10. death三、 1. fever 2. toothache 3. rest 4. breaks 5. sore 6. feet 7. stomachache 8. risks 9. blood 10. nurse四、 1. got off 2. Thanks to 3. make a decision 4. so that 5. take risks五、 1. decision 2. highest 3. risks 4. break 5. seemed 6. different 7. knives 8. coughed 9. advice 10. lying