高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法專練 專題一 名詞、冠詞和代詞課件 外研版

《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法專練 專題一 名詞、冠詞和代詞課件 外研版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法專練 專題一 名詞、冠詞和代詞課件 外研版（53頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第二部分 語法專練專題一名詞、冠詞和代詞考向分析考向分析在高考中,涉及名詞的考點主要包括名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格等;涉及冠詞的考點主要包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法,有時在短文改錯中會考查零冠詞;代詞考點主要包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞等的用法。考點一考點一 名詞名詞考點二考點二 冠詞冠詞 考點三考點三 代詞代詞 本專題考點本專題考點考點清單考點清單考點一名詞考點一名詞一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)單句填空單句填空1.(2017全國卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible cr

2、owds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.答案答案crowds根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示的是人群,空格前無冠詞,因此crowd應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故空格處填crowds。語境運用語境運用2.(2017全國卷)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.答案答案invitations空前的several常用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),故空格處填復(fù)數(shù)名

3、詞invitations。3.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives (knife) and forks.答案答案knives根據(jù)空后的名詞forks可知,可數(shù)名詞knife應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。單句改錯單句改錯4. (2017全國卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” wordwords 答案答案wordwords根據(jù)引號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容可知,此處word應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變

4、復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化用法精講用法精講規(guī)則例詞一般情況下,在詞尾直接加-sbookbookscapcapstreetrees以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-esglassglassesboxboxeswatchwatchesbrushbrushes以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,把y改為i,再加-esstorystoriescountrycountries以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時,常在詞尾加-s,但有些名詞要加-es,它們主要有:黑人英雄愛吃土豆、西紅柿NegroNegroesheroheroespotatopotatoestomatotomatoesrad

5、ioradiosphotophotos以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時,有些直接加-s,有些需把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es,它們主要有:為了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和一片樹葉站在架子上,把狼劈成兩半selfselveslifelivesthiefthieveswifewivesknifeknivesleafleavesshelfshelveswolfwolveshalfhalves合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),如果沒有主體名詞,則將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)son-in-lawsons-in-lawstorytellerstorytellers“man/woman

6、+n.”變復(fù)數(shù)時,作定語的man/woman和中心詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)man teachermen teacherswoman engineerwomen engineers續(xù)表2.不規(guī)則變化(1)變內(nèi)部元音footfeet腳manmen男人womanwomen女人toothteeth牙goosegeese鵝gentlemangentlemen紳士(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheep綿羊 deer鹿spacecraft太空船aircraft飛行器Chinese中國人Japanese日本人Swiss瑞士人means方法crossroads十字路口headquarters總部series連續(xù)species種類

7、(3)外來名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式criterioncriteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)phenomenonphenomena現(xiàn)象analysisanalyses分析basisbases基礎(chǔ)crisiscrises危機thesistheses論文bacteriumbacteria細(xì)菌mediummedia媒體(4)fish表示不同種類的魚時,其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常為fishes,而表示魚的條數(shù)時,其復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式相同。表示“魚肉”時是不可數(shù)名詞。There are many different fishes in this river.這條河中有很多不同種類的魚。I bought five fish today.今天我買了

8、五條魚。(5)penny表示便士的“價值”時復(fù)數(shù)為pence,常與數(shù)詞搭配來表示錢數(shù):five pence五便士,ten pence十便士;表示便士的“個數(shù)”時復(fù)數(shù)為pennies。(6)people指“人”時是person的一種復(fù)數(shù)形式,指“民族”時其復(fù)數(shù)形式為peoples。one person一個人two people兩個人a people一個民族two peoples兩個民族二、名詞所有格二、名詞所有格單句填空單句填空1. Alberts (Albert) birthday is on next Saturday, and Im planning a surprise party fo

9、r him.答案答案Alberts句意:Albert的生日在下周六,我正在計劃為他開一個派對,給他一個驚喜。空格處在句中作名詞birthday的定語,結(jié)合語境可知,空格處應(yīng)填寫提示詞的所有格形式。故空格處填A(yù)lberts。單句改錯單句改錯2.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. friendfriends 答案答案friendfriends句意:當(dāng)我最終到達(dá)朋友家時,他借給了我許多衣服。名詞所有格可表示地點,結(jié)合語境可知,friend應(yīng)改為friends。語境運用語境運用1.名詞所有格的用法-s所有格主要

10、用于表示人或其他有生命的名詞的所有關(guān)系,表示“的”。例如:Well-known for their expertise,his parents company,called“Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.他父母的公司“未來之旅”以其專業(yè)技術(shù)而聞名,該公司用時空穿梭機平安地把我送入了未來。Have you read Robert Brownings poems?你讀過羅伯特勃朗寧的詩嗎?表示時間、距離、價格。例如:today s newspaper今天的報紙a five days jou

11、rney一次五天的旅行用法精講用法精講表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅及公共建筑時,名詞所有格后常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。例如:at the barber s (shop)在理發(fā)店at the doctor s (office)在醫(yī)院at the tailors (shop)在裁縫店2.-s所有格的構(gòu)成規(guī)則構(gòu)成舉例單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加“s”the boys bag那個男孩的包the childrens rooms那些孩子們的房間以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加“”the workersstruggle工人們的斗爭復(fù)合名詞中,在最后一個詞的詞尾加“s”her brother-in-

12、laws character她姐夫的性格復(fù)合不定代詞后加else,在else后加“s”somebody elses possessions別人的財產(chǎn) 考點二冠詞考點二冠詞一、不定冠詞的用法一、不定冠詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.答案答案a句意:對Pahlsson來說,它的回歸是一個奇跡。根據(jù)語境可知,空格處修飾wonder且表示泛指,故填不定冠詞a。2.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.答案答案a句意:Brian在作

13、曲方面很有天賦,他很有可能會成為一個貝多芬式的人物。本題考查冠詞。a在此處表示“一位式的人物”。語境運用語境運用3.Life is like an ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.答案答案an句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志堅強的人才能到達(dá)彼岸。ocean在此處為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠詞,o-cean以元音音素開頭,故答案為an。單句改錯單句改錯4.(2017課標(biāo)全國卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour an

14、d a half to go to work every day. 第一個第一個aan 答案答案第一個aan在題干中,名詞hour是以元音音素開頭的單詞,因此它前面的不定冠詞a使用錯誤,應(yīng)改為an。v1.不定冠詞有a,an兩種形式,當(dāng)緊跟著冠詞的單詞的發(fā)音以輔音音素(注意:不是輔音字母)時用a;當(dāng)緊跟著冠詞的單詞的發(fā)音以元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)開頭時用an。如:a university,a useful animal,a one-eyed dog,a European car,an hour,an honest boy,an X-ray,an ugly man,an honor等。2.不

15、定冠詞的用法:用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示泛指;用于表示數(shù)量“一”;用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前;用于序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”; 用法精講用法精講用于時間、重量等名詞前,表示“每一”;用于專有名詞前,表示具有某種特性的人或物,某一位不認(rèn)識的人或某個不確定的時間;用于抽象名詞具體化時的某些名詞之前;用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前表“一杯、一份、一場、一陣”等;Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough days.在那些艱苦的日子里能夠買得起一杯飲料是一種安慰。Anyone, whether he is an official

16、 or a bus driver, should be equally re-spected.任何人,無論是官員還是公交車司機,都應(yīng)該得到同等的尊重。二、定冠詞的用法二、定冠詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.(2017江西贛中南五校一模) The World Wide Web is quickly becom-ing the worlds most popular matchmaker(媒人).答案答案The句意:萬維網(wǎng)正在迅速成為世界上最受歡迎的媒人?！癢orld Wide Web”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,這類專有名詞常與定冠詞連用,故填The。2.(2017課標(biāo)全國卷)This includ

17、ed digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.答案答案the根據(jù)語境可知,此處表特指,故空格處填寫定冠詞the。語境運用語境運用3.This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.答案答案the;the根據(jù)語境及第一空之后的最高級可知,第一空應(yīng)填寫定冠詞the,而第二空特指的是5月份,因此也應(yīng)該填寫定冠詞。單句改錯單句改錯4.(2017課標(biāo)全國卷)I still remember how h

18、ard first day was. first前加前加the或或my 答案答案first前加the或my序數(shù)詞first前應(yīng)用定冠詞the,另外,結(jié)合語境可知,也可在first前添加物主代詞my。定冠詞的常見用法用于特指的人或事物前;用于自然界中獨一無二的事物前;用于雙方都知道或上文已提到的人或物之前;用于表方向或方位的名詞前;用于形容詞或形容詞化的過去分詞前,表示一類人或物;用于表示西洋樂器的名詞之前;用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示某某一家人、某某夫婦等;用于整十的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示年代。Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfac

19、tion.薩拉滿意地看著那幅已畫完的畫。用法精講用法精講三、短語或句式中的冠詞三、短語或句式中的冠詞單句填空單句填空1.(2017課標(biāo)全國卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案答案aas a result是常用短語,意為“結(jié)果,因此”。故空格處填不定冠詞a。2.(2016全國卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bot

20、tle-fed, the other is with mumshe never suspects.答案答案the根據(jù)語境和one可知,此處為常用表達(dá)“one.the other.”。故空格處填the。 語境運用語境運用3.(2015陜西卷) The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.答案答案The句意:一個人越有學(xué)問,他通常就越謙虛。此處為常用句式“the+比較級.,the+比較級.”,意為“越就越”。故空格處填The。單句改錯單句改錯4.(2016浙江卷)Every time he arrived home a

21、t end of the day, wed greet him at the door. end前面加前面加the 答案答案end前面加theat the end of為介詞短語,故應(yīng)該在end之前添加定冠詞the。1.含有不定冠詞的常考短語have a cold得了感冒have a good time玩得高興have a gift for有的天賦have a word with與談話have/take a rest休息一下have a holiday度假make a living謀生get a lift搭便車go on a diet節(jié)食as a result因此as a matter of

22、fact事實上after a while過了一會兒in a hurry匆忙地in a sense在某種意義上用法精講用法精講in a word總之in a moment立刻once in a while偶爾at a loss困惑,不知所措at a distance離一段距離for a while暫時,一時once upon a time從前all of a sudden突然a waste of.的浪費a matter of.的問題What a pity!真遺憾!with a score of以的分?jǐn)?shù)have a population of有人口have a history of有的歷史have

23、 an area of有的面積 a collection of一批have a knowledge of具有某方面的知識 have an understanding of了解/熟悉注意:通常成對出現(xiàn)的名詞(被視為一套或一體),一般只用一個不定冠詞。如:a knife and fork一副刀叉。2.含有定冠詞的?？级陶Zin the end最后,終于in the daytime在白天in the habit of習(xí)慣于make the most/best of充分利用in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處in the way擋路on the whole總之on the right/left在右/左面

24、at the same time同時at the moment此刻for the time being暫時in the public eye 廣為人知的go to the doctors去看醫(yī)生by the way順便說一下on the radio/phone在廣播/電話里on the spot在現(xiàn)場,立即,馬上,當(dāng)場to tell(you)the truth說實話,老實說go to the cinema去看電影not in the least(=not at all)一點也不on the one hand.,on the other hand.一方面,另一方面for the most par

25、t通常,多半四、零冠詞的用法四、零冠詞的用法單句改錯單句改錯1.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom build-ings. 刪除第一個刪除第一個the 答案答案刪除第一個theall kinds of之后直接跟名詞,不需要使用冠詞,故刪除定冠詞the。2.My the room is in a mess, but I neednt clean it before I go out tonight. 刪除刪除room之前的之前的the 答案答案刪除room之前的theroom之前已有物主代詞my,而定

26、冠詞不可與物主代詞連用,故應(yīng)該刪除the。語境運用語境運用3.(2017東北三省四市聯(lián)考)He said he painted for a pleasure. 去掉去掉a 答案答案去掉a句意:他說他畫畫是為了消遣。此處的pleasure為不可數(shù)名詞,故將不定冠詞a去掉。4.One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 去掉去掉basketball前的前的the 答案答案去掉basketball前的the與play連用時,表

27、示球類運動的名詞前通常不用冠詞,故將basketball前的the去掉。1.不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,用零冠詞。My father went to the doctor for advice about his heart trouble.我父親去了醫(yī)生那里尋求關(guān)于他的心臟病的建議。2.名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等時不再用冠詞。 She is not my type of woman. 她不是我心目中的那類女人。His heart was beating wildly with fear. 他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。用法精講用法精講 He w

28、ent to some place in France. 他到法國某個地方去了。Each student must hand in his/her exercise book. 每個學(xué)生都必須上交他/她的練習(xí)本。3.零冠詞的用法口訣月、季、星期、洲,稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)前;三餐、球類、慣用語;學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。A year can be divided into four seasonsspring,summer,autumn and win-ter.一年可以分為四季春、夏、秋和冬。He has no lessons on Sundays.他周日沒有課。Mr.Li is chairman of t

29、he meeting.李先生是本次會議的主席。(注:表示稱呼、頭銜的名詞作表語、同位語、補足語時常用零冠詞)但以上用法是相對而言的,在不同的句子中,可能會用到不定冠詞或定冠詞。因此,用不用冠詞要視情況而定。Autumn is the harvest season.秋季是收獲的季節(jié)。The organization was founded in the spring of(the year)2010.這個組織是在2010年春天成立的?？键c三代詞考點三代詞一、人稱代詞的用法一、人稱代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.(2017湖北襄陽調(diào)研)In the deaf culture of North Ame

30、rica, many listen-ers show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them (they)in the air.答案答案them句意:在北美聾人文化中,許多聽眾不是通過拍手而是通過在空中揮手以表示鼓掌。設(shè)空處作動詞的賓語,故用them。語境運用語境運用2.(2017課標(biāo)全國卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using i

31、t ev-ery day.答案答案it分析題干可知,空格處用于指代前面的the railway,故空格處填it。單句改錯單句改錯3.(2016全國卷)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. need前加前加I 答案答案need前加I在題干中,whenever引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中缺少主語,結(jié)合空前語境可知,need之前應(yīng)該添加人稱代詞I。數(shù)、格人稱 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimth

32、eythemsheheritit用法精講用法精講1.人稱代詞不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能:人稱代詞的主格常作主語或表語;賓格可作賓語也可作表語或同位語。He would drown his sadness in coffee.(主格作主語)他會借咖啡來澆愁。Thank you for your letter.(賓格作及物動詞的賓語)謝謝你的來信。I bought a present for him.(賓格作介詞的賓語)我給他買了件禮物。Hi,its me.(賓格作表語)你好,是我。2.人稱代詞單獨使用時,常用賓格。Glad to meet you.見到你很高興。Me,too.我也是。3.it

33、的用法指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Where is my dictionary?I left it right on the desk.我的字典哪里去了?我就把它放在桌子上了。用以代替指示代詞this,thatWhats this?這是什么?Its a flag.這是一面旗。Whose exercise book is that?那是誰的練習(xí)本?Its hers.那是她的。指不知性別的嬰兒或身份不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知對方是誰)The baby cried because it was hungry.這個嬰兒因饑餓而啼哭。指時間、天氣、距離等It is nine oclock sharp no

34、w.現(xiàn)在是9點整。It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is a long way to the factory.到工廠有很長一段路。作形式主語或形式賓語it常用來代替不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或名詞性從句作形式主語或形式賓語。Its not easy to learn a foreign language.(作形式主語,代替不定式短語)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不容易。Its impossible for him to get there in time.(作形式主語,代替不定式短語)他不可能及時到達(dá)那里。It is no good living alone wi

35、thout keeping in touch with others.(作形式主語,代替動名詞短語)獨居而不和外人來往是沒有好處的。I find it easy to get on with Jim.(作形式賓語,代替不定式短語)我發(fā)現(xiàn)和吉姆相處很容易。I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.(作形式賓語,代替名詞性從句)我已經(jīng)講得很清楚了,任何人都不準(zhǔn)在這兒吸煙。用于強調(diào)句型強調(diào)句型的基本形式:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。被強調(diào)部分為“人”時可用who/that,被強調(diào)部分是“事物”時

36、用that。It is I who/that am right.(強調(diào)主語)It was him that/who we met at the school gate.(強調(diào)賓語)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強調(diào)狀語)二、物主代詞的用法二、物主代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.(2017河南八市重點高中二次質(zhì)檢)That time, I thought he was a strange man who got on my (I)nerves.答案答案my設(shè)空處后為名詞,再根據(jù)提示詞“I”可知設(shè)空處需用形容詞性物主代詞,故填my。get o

37、n ones nerves為固定短語,意為“煩擾某人,使某人心神不定”。2.(2015課標(biāo)全國卷)A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.答案答案its空格處作名詞短語的定語,故填形容詞性物主代詞its。語境運用語境運用3.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockaries story about how first aid saved his (he) life.答案答案his設(shè)空處需用形容詞性物主代詞作名詞life的定語,故填his。單句改錯單句改錯4.(201

38、7全國卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memo-ries of your high school days. yourmy 答案答案yourmy根據(jù)語境可知,此處為物主代詞指代錯誤,your應(yīng)改為my。用法精講用法精講意思類別 我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1.形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。置于名詞之前,作定語。Is this your seat,sir?這是你的座位嗎

39、,先生?The government has changed its policy.政府已經(jīng)改變了政策。2.名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,在句中作主語、表語、賓語。This is not my dictionary.Mine was lent to Lucy.(作主語)這不是我的字典,我的借給露西了。This camera is mine and that is yours.(作表語)這部照相機是我的,那部是你的。Every person showed their ticket,and I showed mine too.(作賓語)每個人都出示了他們的票,我也出

40、示了我的。三、反身代詞的用法三、反身代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.“She thought I had hurt myself (),”says Pahlsson.答案答案myself空格處在從句中作賓語,結(jié)合語境“她以為我傷到了自己”和主語I可知,空格處應(yīng)該填寫反身代詞myself。2.(2017山東師大附中二模) At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself (her).答案答案herself設(shè)空處作賓語,設(shè)空處與主語an attractive

41、 young lady指同一個人,故用反身代詞herself。語境運用語境運用3.He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself (he) in Paris, on the contrary,he had a wonderful time.答案答案himself此處為常用短語enjoy oneself,意為“玩得高興;過得快樂”。故空格處填反身代詞himself。單句改錯單句改錯4.(2016課標(biāo)全國卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make de

42、cisions by yourself. yourselfmyself 答案答案yourselfmyself句意:起初,我以為我什么都知道,可以自己做決定。根據(jù)主語和語境可知,結(jié)尾的反身代詞yourself使用錯誤,應(yīng)改為myself。人稱數(shù) 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves用法精講用法精講反身代詞的基本用法反身代詞的基本用法:Tom taughthimselfChinese.:You cant leavethe baby byhimself.:She is not

43、 quiteherselftoday.:Imyselfcan repairthe bike.動賓湯姆自學(xué)了漢語。作賓語介賓你不能把那個嬰兒獨自留在那里。作表語她今天不在狀態(tài)。作同位語我自己能修那輛自行車。四、不定代詞的用法四、不定代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.Niki is always full of ideas,but none is useful to my knowledge.答案答案none句意:Niki總是會有很多想法,但是就我所知沒有一個想法是有用的。本題考查代詞。none(三者或三者以上)沒有一個。單句改錯單句改錯2.(2017課標(biāo)全國卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang

44、all work in our school. allboth或刪除或刪除all 答案答案allboth或刪除all題干提到的是兩個人,而all指三者或三者以上的全部,故把all改為both或刪除all。語境運用語境運用1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的區(qū)別詞義指代 都任何(一個)都不兩個人或物botheitherneither三個或三個以上的人或物;不可數(shù)名詞allanynone用法精講用法精講Ive bought two books;you can have either.我買了兩本書,你要哪本都行。None of this money is mine.

45、 這筆錢沒有一點是我的。 指代用來回答相當(dāng)于none人或物how manyhow muchnot anynobody(no one)人whonot anyonenot anybodynothing物whatnot anything2.none,nobody/no one,nothing的區(qū)別3.one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的區(qū)別We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one(=a summer camp)based on your own interests.(one

46、代替“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”)我們?yōu)槟募倨跍?zhǔn)備了各種各樣的夏令營,您可以根據(jù)自己的興趣選擇一種。 替代onea/an+單數(shù)名詞ones零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞the onethe+單數(shù)名詞the onesthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞thatthe+單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞thosethe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞The book on the desk is better than the one/that(=the book)under the desk.(the one/that代替“the+單數(shù)名詞”)桌上的那本書比桌下的那本書要好。The books on the desk are better than the ones/

47、those(=the books)under the desk.(the ones/those代替“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”)桌上的那些書比桌下的那些書好。Little joy can equal that(=the joy)of a surprising ending when you read sto-ries.(that代替“the+不可數(shù)名詞”)幾乎沒有什么樂趣能比得上在閱讀故事時讀到一個出乎意料的結(jié)局時的樂趣。技巧點撥技巧點撥語篇型填空和短文改錯中均有考查名詞的題目。如:例1Two months (month)ago, a policeman caught a thief.例2This b

48、ook doesnt belong to me. It is Toms (Tom).例3The books (book)that they are talking about are very interesting. 例4I have only been there a couple of time.(改錯) timetimes 一般情況下,語篇型填空常在有提示詞的情況下要求考生寫出適當(dāng)形式的名詞,?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)形式或名詞所有格。其解題思路是:當(dāng)設(shè)空處前為冠詞(a,an,the)、數(shù)詞、名詞所有格(Toms)、形容詞性物主代詞(my, your等)或形容詞等時,通?？膳袛嘣O(shè)空處是在考查名詞

49、(如例1);如果設(shè)空處后有定語從句、形容詞短語、分詞短語或介詞短語時,一般可判斷設(shè)空處是考查名詞(如例3);作句子的主語、賓語(包括介詞的賓語)時,一般可以考慮設(shè)空處考查名詞。如果提示詞為名詞,需要考慮該名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式還是所有格形式(如例2)。短文改錯一般考查名詞的“數(shù)”和“格”,常要求考生根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容將不合邏輯的有關(guān)名詞的“數(shù)”或“格”的錯誤找出來并加以改正(如例4)?？疾榇~的題目常常出現(xiàn)在語篇型填空和短文改錯中。如:例1I am sorry I cant lend the bike to you, for Tom is using it .例2Helen is studying i

50、n the library. You can find her (she)there.例3The problem is difficult to deal with. I can t solve it by myself (me).例4I can t work without my glasses. They re very important to you.(改錯) youme 在選擇代詞時,我們要考慮是指代人還是指代物,是男還是女,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?？疾楣谠~的題目常常出現(xiàn)在語篇型填空中。如:例1He asked me to go out for a walk in the park.例2Do you know the girl in the room? 語篇型填空中,若名詞前沒有其他限定詞時,很可能就是填冠詞。確定用定冠詞還是用不定冠詞可依據(jù)其表泛指還是特指(如例2),有時要依據(jù)固定搭配(如例1)。