高中英語選修 unit語法 動詞不定式

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1、會計(jì)學(xué)1高中英語選修高中英語選修 unit語法語法 動詞不定式動詞不定式1 Fill in the table below. You can use the dictionary to help you. NounAdjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoynanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoying第1頁/共75頁NounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologica

2、lencouragement第2頁/共75頁2 Answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit. lapannoyed第3頁/共75頁a doctor need to examine viruses in blood? dictationentrymicroscope第4頁/共75頁 student to others? outgoingfellowconduct第5頁/共75頁3 Complete this passage using the words below. There was a time when ch

3、ildren with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _. They used to _ in their own homes after being educated in special in many wayssit aroundadapt to cut out in other words out of breath sit around in many waysmake fun of all in all第6頁/共75頁schools. Other people sometimes _ the

4、m. But now things are changing. There are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities, which have proved very beneficial. Students like Xie Li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. But it is a challenge. She has to _ training programmes as well as mix

5、ing with other able-bodied athletes. make fun of第7頁/共75頁“Xie Lis confidence has grown,” said her father. “She looks much better and is not so often _ after her training. _ her mother and I are very happy with her progress.” So, instead of _ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can becom

6、e part of the mainstream. _ they can lead a more fulfilling life. out of breathAll in all cutting out第8頁/共75頁Revise the InfinitiveRevise the Infinitive Unit 1 Grammar第9頁/共75頁Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想第10頁/共75頁(attribute)(attribute)(object)(objec

7、t)第11頁/共75頁(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)第12頁/共75頁第13頁/共75頁1 不定式作主語不定式作主語 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.單個不定式作主語時單個不定式作主語時, ,謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。若不定式太長若不定式太長, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主語作形式主語, ,不不定式后置。定式后置。第14頁/

8、共75頁 My job to protect the world. My ambition is to _.is2 不定式作表語不定式作表語 (predicative)第15頁/共75頁 Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式常用在系動詞不定式常用在系動詞 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表語。等后作表語。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.如果主語部分有個表示

9、不定式內(nèi)容的如果主語部分有個表示不定式內(nèi)容的do, 用作表語的不定式可省略用作表語的不定式可省略to。第16頁/共75頁 3 不定式作賓語不定式作賓語 (object)句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 第17頁/共75頁常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate

10、, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。第18頁/共75頁 你記得哪一條路到那兒嗎？你記得哪一條路到那兒嗎？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你決定了嗎下一步干什么你決定了嗎? Have you decided what to do next? 我來問他怎么樣開這機(jī)器。我來問他怎么樣開這機(jī)器。 Ill ask him how to opera

11、te the machine.1) 不定式有時和連接代詞不定式有時和連接代詞/副詞構(gòu)成賓語。副詞構(gòu)成賓語。第19頁/共75頁2) 有時不定式由有時不定式由whether引起。引起。 I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語，等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語， 補(bǔ)語是形容詞補(bǔ)語是形容詞(間或是名詞間或是名詞)，常用，常用it作形作形 式賓語，把不定式后移。式賓語，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult t

12、o work with him.第20頁/共75頁4 不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ) (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.第21頁/共75頁The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞：引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth第22頁/共75頁 listen to hear wa

13、tch 五看五看 see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽一感覺一感覺: feel+ sb do sth（不帶不帶to）第23頁/共75頁1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.但當(dāng)以上的動詞用于被動式，但當(dāng)以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：要還原：2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash th

14、e car for a week.第24頁/共75頁3 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時, 如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的的各種形式各種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to do besides sleep.第25頁/共75頁5 不定式作定語不定式作定語 (attribute)1. Kate is looking fo

15、r a suitable coat to wear.2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.第26頁/共75頁1. 不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：有三種關(guān)系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。他總是第一個來。 We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。(1) 動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系(2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系(3)同位關(guān)系同位

16、關(guān)系第27頁/共75頁2. 當(dāng)名詞被當(dāng)名詞被the first ,the last, the only等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。做后置定語。第28頁/共75頁注意比較：注意比較：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？你有什么東西要寄嗎？2) Have you anyth

17、ing to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）第29頁/共75頁5. 如果不定式是不及物動詞如果不定式是不及物動詞, 則后面需則后面需 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Please pass me some paper to write _. on4. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 There is no one t

18、o take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.第30頁/共75頁in order to, so as to,enough to,only to, too . tocatch the train 6 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 (adverbial) 在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)第31頁/共75頁eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to so/ such as to do不定式作狀語不定式作狀語第32頁/共7

19、5頁2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語狀語, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.第33頁/共75頁so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. /

20、 adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.3. 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語: :常與常與only , enough 或或too連用連用He studied hard only to fail the exam.第34頁/共75頁to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (

21、absolute construction) 第35頁/共75頁8. 不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多由不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多由“not +不定式不定式”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成， 否定副詞否定副詞 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。請告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。請告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她檢查名字為了不犯錯誤。她檢查名字為了不犯錯誤。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.第36頁/

22、共75頁動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形形 式式 主主 動動 被被 動動一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone第37頁/共75頁(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎幾乎/發(fā)發(fā)生在它之后

23、。生在它之后。)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行。正在進(jìn)行。)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)。繼續(xù)。)第38頁/共75頁第39頁/共75頁第40頁/共75頁第41頁/共75頁He would like to have played theviolin at the concer

24、t.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后邊表示后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 第42頁/共75頁第43頁/共75頁省略省略to與省略與省略do第44頁/共75頁固定詞組和句型固定詞組和句型第45頁/共75頁 The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主語主語be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有能用于此句型的形容詞有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tire

25、some(使人疲勞的使人疲勞的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主動形式表被動意義的不定式主動形式表被動意義的不定式第46頁/共75頁The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主語主語+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3. 主語主語+be

26、+too +adj. +to do第47頁/共75頁1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made課堂練兵課堂練兵第48頁/共75頁2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3

27、. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing第49頁/共75頁4. I find these problems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To s

28、leep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept第50頁/共75頁6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing第51頁/共7

29、5頁8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating第52頁/共75頁第53頁/共75頁2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in c

30、ages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重慶卷重慶卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought第54頁/共75頁3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全國卷全國卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. bre

31、athing D. being breathed第55頁/共75頁4. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding第56頁/共75頁5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷上海卷) A. to be repo

32、rted B. reporting C. to report D. having reported第57頁/共75頁6. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重慶卷重慶卷) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing第58頁/共75頁7. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全國卷全國卷I

33、) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at第59頁/共75頁8. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全國全國I卷卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought第60頁/共75頁9. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (201

34、0 江西卷江西卷) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered第61頁/共75頁10. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 遼寧卷遼寧卷) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found第62頁/共75頁11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山東卷山東卷) A.

35、completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed第63頁/共75頁12. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with第64頁/共75頁1 愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了

36、他的工作。據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻譯下面的句子。翻譯下面的句子。to have arrived safely第65頁/共75頁4 我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。I want this bike _.5 瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會上他被授予了一枚眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會上他

37、被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediately第66頁/共75頁Make up a short passage using Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the possible. The

38、beginning of the passage is given below.passage is given below.第67頁/共75頁第68頁/共75頁第69頁/共75頁Marty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker.1. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to ad

39、apt to my disability.第70頁/共75頁4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.

40、Marty says第71頁/共75頁Marty says7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.第72頁/共75頁不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式不定式第73頁/共75頁第74頁/共75頁