人教版八年級英語下冊 unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island The Third Period（Section A, Grammar Focus – Section B 1d）教案

Unit 8: Have you read Treasure Island yet?The Third Period（Section A, Grammar Focus Section B 1d）Teaching aims（教學(xué)目標(biāo)）1掌握“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時”的用法及其需要注意的要點(diǎn)；2. 能夠結(jié)合“現(xiàn)在完成時”來運(yùn)用本節(jié)課出現(xiàn)的新詞匯和知識點(diǎn)。Key points （重點(diǎn)）：1. 要求掌握以下句式： Have you read Little Women yet? Has she read Treasure Island yet? She has already read more than 100 different books.2要求掌握以下詞匯： （1）名詞：fiction, technology, French, pop, rock, band（2）詞組：science fiction （本節(jié)課的生詞較少，而且單詞的拼寫比較簡單，所以學(xué)生學(xué)起來不會感到困難，如果班級學(xué)生的水平較高，可以鼓勵學(xué)生當(dāng)堂掌握。）Difficulties（難點(diǎn)）：現(xiàn)在完成時的掌握Teaching steps（教學(xué)步驟）1. Review（復(fù)習(xí)）T: Lets review some of the language we learned yesterday. 1. 到達(dá)這個島上 arrive on the island2. 帶回來 bring back3. 放棄 give up4. 種水果和蔬菜 grow fruit and vegetables5. 一艘破的船 a broken ship6. 在那后不久 not long after that7. 一些食人肉者 some cannibals8. 給某人取名 name sb.教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：（溫故而知新，詞塊翻譯，務(wù)實(shí)且難度不大，關(guān)注學(xué)生對已學(xué)知識的掌握程度）2. Presentation（呈現(xiàn)新知識）T: Good job, everyone. Now, lets fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.（把Grammar Focus的句子挖空來復(fù)習(xí)，可以選擇些基礎(chǔ)較差的學(xué)生來做這些題。然后從這些句子中總結(jié)“現(xiàn)在完成時”的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：這些句子都是上節(jié)課所學(xué)過的，既是復(fù)習(xí)，又為下一步“現(xiàn)在完成時”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法呈現(xiàn)做好鋪墊；讓基礎(chǔ)稍差的學(xué)生來做這些題，也是兼顧他們的一種方式，檢查他們的掌握程度。3. Grammar （語法總結(jié)）T: Who can tell me about the present perfect tense? How is it used? From the sentences you have just completed, can you tell me how the present perfect tense is formed and when it is used? （給學(xué)生2-3分鐘的思考總結(jié)時間，然后讓學(xué)生先說說自己的總結(jié)和發(fā)現(xiàn)，再給出完整的總結(jié)）1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成:（1）現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 “have (has)+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成； 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑問句：have或has放于句首（2）助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，它和主語 的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致；（3）過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。2. 動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)律: A. 原形與過去式和過去分詞完全相同 cost cost cost B. 過去式與過去分詞完全相同 bright brought brought think thought thought C. 原型與過去分詞相同 come came comeD. 原形, 過去式和 過去分詞完全不同 begin began begun E. 沒有過去分詞的動詞 can could3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目 前產(chǎn)生的影響，即用過去發(fā)生的某個行 為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends. (現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在） （1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果，常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。 如：- Have you had lunch yet?- Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了） （后附練習(xí)，講解單詞 hear的用法）（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。 如：He has taught here since 1981。 他自1981年，就在這兒教書。（可能還要 繼續(xù)教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。 （3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice, ever,never, three times等時間狀語。如：我去過北京兩次。 I have been to Beijing twice. （后附練習(xí)）4. “現(xiàn)在完成時”用法需要注意的地方：(1) have been (to)與have gone ( to)的區(qū)別： A. have been (to) 表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱； B. have gone (to) 表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱； C. 前者可與once, never, several times等連用，后 者則不能。 如：他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。 They have been to Beijing twice. He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 （后附練習(xí)）（2）表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時，常用 for一段時間, since時間點(diǎn)。如：我從小就一直住在這里。 I have lived here since my childhood.我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。 I have lived here for 10 years. （3）在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how long How long have you lived here? 注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。 如： 去年夏天我在這里住了一周。 I lived here for a week last summer. 到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。 I have lived here for a week by now. 明年我會在這里住一周。 I will live here for a week next year.5. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。 我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。 I have just been to London. I went there last month. （2）現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。 （3）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in 1980, in October, just now 共同的時間狀語: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always6. 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 7. 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （錯） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （對）（后附練習(xí)，同時以超鏈接的方式講解練習(xí)里面的知識點(diǎn)：fiction, technology, French, cant wait to do sth.)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：先讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié)，老師再補(bǔ)充，給學(xué)生思考的時間，而不是單純的知識灌輸；語法的呈現(xiàn)，邊呈現(xiàn)邊講解，附帶句子的對比及翻譯，還有趁熱打鐵的練習(xí)題，有講有練，有助于學(xué)生理解內(nèi)化這一要點(diǎn)；以超鏈接的方式講解知識點(diǎn)，碰到知識點(diǎn)就講解，及時處理，學(xué)生易于理解接受。4. Work on 4bT: Now, lets turn to page 60 and look at Activity 4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.5. Before listeningL：Look at the screen. Do you know those guys?Ss: One Direction!L: Yes! Do you like them? Are they your favorite singers?Ss: （EXO的圖片）T: It seems that you like those singers and dancers very much. Who is your favorite singer or musician? Ss: T: Listening to music is a good way to relax, right? So what kind of music do you know and like?Ss: Pop music 流行音樂Rock and roll 搖滾樂 Classical music 古典音樂Light music 輕音樂Blues 藍(lán)調(diào)音樂Folk music 民族音樂Jazz 爵士Hip hop (R&B) 說唱 （節(jié)奏藍(lán)調(diào)）Country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂（展示音樂種類）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：聽力前的詞匯輸入與知識輸入對接下來的聽力很有必要；音樂種類的適當(dāng)拓展能夠增強(qiáng)課堂趣味性，吸引學(xué)生注意力。6. ListeningT: Now lets turn to page 61. Look at 1b and listen to a conversation between Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex or D for Dave next to each opinion.(聽完集體核對答案)T: Look at 1c. Listen again and take notes. Write in the following chart.Band nameCountry Number of people in the bandKind of musicWhy Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex： Dave：（聽完核對答案，可叫學(xué)生逐個回答）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：聽力設(shè)計(jì)是由易到難，先聽主干，再處理細(xì)節(jié)。7. After listeningT: We have listened to the conversation twice. Now lets retell the conversation. Refer to the notes in your chart or try to recall what you heard.Alex and Dave _ like to listen to the band_. Its a _ band from California, in _. There are _ people in the band and they are all _ boys. They have already made _ CDs. They are playing _ music, but it sounds like more like _. Alex likes their music because its loud and _ energy. When he listens to it, he feels _. Dave likes their music because it will _ and make him happy for _ the day!（學(xué)生一起做）T: Now turn to page 106. Read the tapescript.(先集體朗讀或者個人以最快的速度朗讀聽力原文，然后挑出對話中的知識點(diǎn)講解，邊學(xué)邊講)(1) called: named(2) hear of: 聽說(3) start doing sth.(4) in America: in the United States(5) teenage: adj. 青少年的(6) full of energy: filled with energy(7) wake sb. up 叫醒某人教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：這個環(huán)節(jié)是對聽力材料的學(xué)習(xí)，復(fù)述對學(xué)生能力有一定的要求，可以很好檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生是否在課堂上達(dá)到本個環(huán)節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。同時深度挖掘聽力材料，而不是聽完就算了。8. ReportT: I know some of you like reading, some of you like listening to music, and some of you like watching movies. So which book, song or movie do you think is the best one?T: Have a conversation with your partner and take notes in the chart. Then make a report. You Your friendComments Books I have already readMovies I have already seenSongs I have already heardSample:I like reading a lot. Ive already read Kite Runner and The Time Travelers Wife. I think the stories are very exciting. I cant stop reading because I want to know what happens next. The movies Ive already seen are Big Fish and The Lord of the Rings. Big Fish is about a fathers love and its really moving. The Lord of the Rings makes me feel like I can get through any problem in life. Ive also already heard 突然的自我. It is about the ups and downs in life. I really like the melody.As for my friend, she .教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說明：這個環(huán)節(jié)先運(yùn)用所學(xué)進(jìn)行對話，然后做report，是對語言的綜合運(yùn)用輸出，能鍛煉體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的語言掌握和運(yùn)用能力。8. Summary(1) The Present Perfect Tense a. 什么是“現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)”？ b. 動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)律。 c. “現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)”的用法。 d. 使用“現(xiàn)在完成時”需要注意的地方。 e. “現(xiàn)在完成時”與“一般過去時”的區(qū)別。(2) 學(xué)會使用“現(xiàn)在完成時”描述身邊的人或事。9. Homework(1) Review the Present Perfect Tense(2) Write your report.