2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練19環(huán)境保護(hù)一外研版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練19環(huán)境保護(hù)一外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A (xx福州模擬) 　　The poaching, or illegal killing, of rhinos(犀牛)in South Africa is growing worse each year. The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in xx, a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before. 　　The World Wildlife Fund, or WWF, says about 20, 000 rhinos live in South Africa. That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa, South Africa’s Environment Minister, says, “During xx, we are sad to say this, 1, 215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1, 004 in xx and indeed very worrying. ” 　　The animals are hunted for their horns(角). Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. But there is no scientific evidence for this belief. The horn is made of keratin(角蛋白). That is the same thing as human hair, fingernails and toenails. 　　Ms Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year, an increase from the year before. But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest. South Africa’s legal system is ineffective. Ms Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos. The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries. “Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during xx and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year, ”Molewa said. 　　Jo Shaw, the rhino program manager at the WWF, said, “We’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month, or more than three a day. We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally. ”She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them. Government officials are to meet in Botswana in March atthe Inter-governmental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade. 【文章大意】本文介紹了南非犀牛盜獵創(chuàng)歷史記錄、盜獵原因及為保護(hù)犀牛所采取的一系列措施。作者在最后一段指出禁止偷獵犀牛需要國(guó)際間的合作。 1. According to Paragraph 2, we know______. A. Half of rhinos live in South Africa. B. Less than 1, 000 rhinos were killed in xx. C. The killing in xx was more than that in xx. D. There are only 20, 000 rhinos left in the world. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段During xx, we are sad to say this, 1, 215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1, 004 in xx and indeed very worrying. 可知xx年盜獵比xx年更為嚴(yán)重, 故選C項(xiàng)。 2. What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos? A. To get more keratin. B. To protect the farmland. C. To use them for decoration. 　　 D. To make money from horns 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段The animals are hunted for their horns. Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. 可知, 非法者盜獵犀牛的原因在于獲取犀牛角, 從而獲得利潤(rùn), 故選D項(xiàng)。 3. Jo Shaw thinks that______. A. many criminal groups are well organized B. new laws are needed to punish the killers C. rhino protection needs international cooperation D. conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Jo Shaw所說(shuō)“We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally. ”可知, 保護(hù)犀牛不僅僅是一個(gè)國(guó)家的行為, 它還需要國(guó)際間合作, 故選C項(xiàng)。 4. What can we infer from the text? A. Rhino protection has a long way to go. B. No one would like to buy horns in the future. C. The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear. D. Rhinos living in South Africa will move to other countries. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知, 不法分子為獲取犀牛角鋌而走險(xiǎn), 追求利潤(rùn)最大值, 因此與這些違法者做斗爭(zhēng)是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期的工作, 還有漫長(zhǎng)的路要走, 故選A項(xiàng)。 B Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(鋪砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not e from lakes or rivers. It es from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to bee groundwater. 　　Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. 　　Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1. 5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number. 　　You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher(洗碗機(jī))only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要論及人類淡水資源的問(wèn)題。本文先是分類論述人類活動(dòng)將會(huì)對(duì)淡水資源的短缺造成影響, 進(jìn)而通過(guò)實(shí)例介紹在日常生活中我們應(yīng)當(dāng)如何節(jié)約使用淡水。 5. Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater? A. Using river water. B. Paving parking lots. C. Throwing batteries away. D. Throwing rubbish into lakes. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to bee groundwater. 可知, 我們鋪設(shè)的道路和停車場(chǎng)越多, 可流入地下成為地下水的水就越少。所以選B。 6. What can be inferred from the text? A. It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs. B. All water shortages are due to human behavior. C. There is much we can do to reduce family size. D. The average family in America makes proper use of water. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。文章主要論述了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)淡水資源的影響以及人們應(yīng)如何節(jié)約使用淡水, 根據(jù)文章主旨大意可以推斷, 滿足我們的用水需求需要做出大量的努力, 故選A。 7. The last paragraph is intended to______. A. show us how to fix leaks at home　　　 B. tell us how to run a dishwasher C. suggest what we do to save water at home　 D. prove what drinking glass is best for us 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段主要講述了save water in your home; glass; dishwasher; recycling batteries等, 所以這一段是號(hào)召我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪泄?jié)約用水, 故選C。 8. The text is mainly about______. A. why paving roads reduces our water B. how human activity affects our water supply C. why droughts occur more in dry climates D. how much we depend on water to live 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。文章主要講述了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)淡水資源的影響以及人們應(yīng)如何節(jié)約使用淡水。所以選B。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 (xx揭陽(yáng)模擬) 　　On an airplane as she was flying across the United States, Dr. Jane Goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her. She asked the woman why she was so tired, and the woman said she was absolutely__1__because she’d been up at two in the morning trying to__2__the water. 　　Her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughter’s passion had turned to making sure her__3__was eco-friendly. They were staying at the woman’s brother’s house the night before her trip, and in the middle of the night her daughter woke up to the__4__of a dripping faucet(水龍頭). The daughter asked for__5__turning it off as the faucet handle was__6__. The only way to__7__the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawn to find the main valve to turn the water off, and her daughter wouldn’t go to sleep until the leak stopped. So at two in the morning__8__in the family was out in the yard helping to__9__to turn off the water. 　　Young people have much more__10__to start and acplish changes than what__11__may believe. When children make a change in their lives, families are__12__along to bee environmentally friendly. 　　The story also shows that__13__actions can have a big impact. We__14__to think about__15__events like Clean and Green Week. Instead, a lot of small changes can make a(n)__16__. If hundreds or thousands of students__17__their families to turn off the tap to save water, move the air conditioning temperature__18__a degree or two in summer, __19__less and make other environment-mentally-friendly changes, the__20__family may change its behaviors. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了一個(gè)小女孩在學(xué)校是愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境小組的成員, 一天在凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)她聽(tīng)到了水龍頭滴答的聲音, 醒來(lái)之后一看是水龍頭的把手壞了, 無(wú)法關(guān)上水管, 于是她就說(shuō)服家里人一起幫她挖通往總閥門的管道, 以便切斷水源。小女孩的熱情已經(jīng)影響她的家人也變得愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境了。通過(guò)這件事說(shuō)明小行動(dòng)也能有很大的影響, 許多小的變化也能起重要的作用。 1. A. exhausted 　B. delighted　 C. sad　　 D. angry 【解析】選A。根據(jù)本句前面的暗示詞“tired”和下文的描述可知這個(gè)婦女在凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)就起來(lái)想法關(guān)水龍頭, 所以她非常疲倦(exhausted精疲力竭的)。 2. A. turn on B. turn off C. take along D. bring along 【解析】選B。根據(jù)第二段的描述和暗示詞“turn the water off”可知此處的意思是凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)起來(lái)盡力地關(guān)上(turn off)水管。所以B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 3. A. mother B. family C. school D. group 【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文的暗示詞“in the family”可知因她的小女兒在學(xué)校是愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境小組的成員, 她女兒的熱情影響著家人的環(huán)保意識(shí)。 4. A. sound B. voice C. rhyme D. music 【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文的語(yǔ)境可知在半夜她女兒醒了是因?yàn)槁?tīng)到了水龍頭滴答的聲音(sound)。所以A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 5. A. advice B. pleasure C. help D. trouble 【解析】選C。女兒請(qǐng)求幫助(help)把水龍頭關(guān)上。 6. A. opened B. thrown C. dropped D. broken 【解析】選D。女兒請(qǐng)求幫助把水龍頭關(guān)上, 因?yàn)樗堫^的把手壞了(broken)。 7. A. stop B. prevent C. hold D. cut 【解析】選A。根據(jù)本句后面的暗示詞“the leak stopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop)漏水的唯一方法是……。所以A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 8. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one 【解析】選C。于是在凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)家里的每一個(gè)人(everyone)都出去到院子里幫忙。 9. A. fix B. dig C. mend D. fit 【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題?！巴凇眃ig上文中已提到。 10. A. power B. time C. enthusiasm D. wisdom 【解析】選A。年輕人開始并完成改變的力量(power)比成年人想象的要大得多。所以A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 11. A. officials B. teenagers C. teachers D. adults 【解析】選D。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知年輕人該和成年人相比。所以D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 12. A. saved B. praised C. seated D. dragged 【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文家里人的參與可知本句意為“當(dāng)孩子們?cè)谒麄兊纳钪凶龀龈淖兊臅r(shí)候, 家里人被拖帶著變得愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境了。”drag along拖著, 所以D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 13. A. important B. small C. unnecessary D. children’s 【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文的暗示詞“small”和上下文的語(yǔ)境可知本句的意思是“這個(gè)故事也表明小(small)行動(dòng)也能有很大的影響?！彼訠項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 14. A. plan B. tend C. attempt D. mean 【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思是“我們往往(tend to)考慮像清潔周和綠色周這樣的大事件?！彼訠項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 15. A. new B. traditional C. big D. social 【解析】選C?？疾檎Z(yǔ)境邏輯。與上句中的“small actions”形成對(duì)比, 此處說(shuō)“大事件”。所以C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 16. A. living B. difference C. effort D. fortune 【解析】選B。本句的意思為“相反, 許多小的變化也能起重要的作用(make a difference有影響, 起重要作用)?！彼訠項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 17. A. want B. allow C. convince D. force 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文讓家人參與挖水管可知此句的意思是“為了節(jié)約用水, 如果數(shù)以百計(jì)或數(shù)以千計(jì)的學(xué)生都說(shuō)服他們的家人做出一些改變……”convince說(shuō)服, 勸服, 所以C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 18. A. off B. away C. down D. up 【解析】選D。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知夏季將空調(diào)調(diào)高一度可以對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。 19. A. eat B. walk C. drive D. consume 【解析】選C。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“少開車”能對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)有作用。 20. A. rich B. large C. entire D. ordinary 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文可知此句的意思是“……少開車并從思想上對(duì)愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生一些其他的改變, 整個(gè)家庭就可能改變它的行為?！眅ntire整個(gè)的, 全部的, 全體的, 所以C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法填空 　　閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 It is suggested that extinct animals can possibly e back to life through cloning sometimes, but 1. ________(fortune), this is either impossible 2. ________ unsuitable. The reasons are as follows: 3. ________is required is that you need perfect DNA and enough 4. _______ (diverse)in the group to overe illnesses, which means having animals with their genes 5. ________(arrange)in different ways. The advantage is 6. ________if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive. A suitable habitat would 7. ________(need)for the extinct animals to lead a natural life, so it would be 8. ________(fair)to clone any of them if they were to live in a zoo. 9. ________(base)on the reasons above, we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals, so the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is 10. ________(mere)a dream. 【文章大意】據(jù)說(shuō)克隆有可能使滅絕的動(dòng)物回歸, 作者認(rèn)為這是不可能的并給出了幾個(gè)理由。 1. 【解析】unfortunately。fortune是名詞, 副詞修飾整個(gè)句子, 再根據(jù)句意可知用其反義詞形式。 2. 【解析】or。固定搭配: either. . . or. . . , 或者……或者……。 3. 【解析】What。此處是主語(yǔ)從句, 缺少主語(yǔ)和引導(dǎo)詞, 填What。 4. 【解析】diversity。句意: 你需要完整的DNA和足夠的差異來(lái)克服疾病。enough diversity與perfect DNA對(duì)應(yīng)。 5. 【解析】arranged。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu), genes和arrange之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 用過(guò)去分詞, 故填arranged。 6. 【解析】that。此處是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句, 不作成分, 只起引導(dǎo)作用。 7. 【解析】be needed?？疾楹閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一個(gè)合適的棲息地被需要。故填be needed。 8. 【解析】unfair。句意: 克隆它們當(dāng)中的任何一個(gè)將是不公平的。故此處填unfair。 9. 【解析】Based。be based on以……為基礎(chǔ), 此處是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 故填based。 10. 【解析】merely。句意: 恐龍回歸地球的可能只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。merely僅僅, 只不過(guò)。 ①poach　　　　　　　　 v. 偷獵 ②evidence n. 證據(jù) ③suspect v. 懷疑 ④unpunished adj. 不受懲罰的 ⑤ineffective adj. 無(wú)效的 ⑥shortage n. 短缺 ⑦depend on 依靠 ⑧convince v. 使信服