2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練12史地博覽一外研版.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題語(yǔ)篇專攻練12史地博覽一外研版. 閱讀理解ATristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1, 510 miles southwest of its nearest, St. Helena, and 1, 950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(上將)of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. ing in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant landis Easter Island(復(fù)活節(jié)島), which lies 1, 260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2, 300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day. 【文章大意】文章介紹了Tristan da Cunha群島的地理情況、名字的由來(lái)和隸屬情況。1. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha_. A. was named after its discovererB. got its name from Holland settlersC. was named by the British governmentD. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506. . . 可知, 這個(gè)島嶼是以島嶼發(fā)現(xiàn)者的名字來(lái)命名的, 故選A。2. Which of the following is most famous for moai? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及第三段第二句They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. 可知復(fù)活節(jié)島因摩艾最為出名, 故選C。3. Which country does Easter Island belong to? A. Britain. B. Holland. C. Portugal. D. Chile. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory可以推斷, Easter Island屬于Chile, 故選D。B(xx長(zhǎng)沙模擬)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic reasonswhy they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative and do not like change. Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 【文章大意】是否可以在有歷史遺跡的地方建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化的建筑? 文章對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了討論。4. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A. Some of them are not attractive. B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve. C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive. 可知, 作者認(rèn)為并不是所有的古代建筑都是很吸引人的。故A正確。5. Which of the following is true according to the author? A. We should reproduce the same old buildings. B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. 可知, 一些新的建筑會(huì)破壞它們所在地區(qū)的風(fēng)景, 同樣一些舊建筑也是如此, 故選C。6. By“move things forward”in the last paragraph, the author probably means “_”. A. destroy old buildingsB. put things in a different placeC. choose new architectural stylesD. respect peoples feelings for historical buildings【解析】選C。詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線下一句If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. (如果我們總是重復(fù)建設(shè)以前的建筑風(fēng)格, 那么我們可能仍生活在洞穴里)可知要開(kāi)發(fā)出新的建筑風(fēng)格, 不走老路, 故選C。7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why people dislike change. B. To warn that we could end up living in caves. C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? 可知, 本文是關(guān)于是否可以在歷史遺跡的地方建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化的建筑的討論, 故選D。. 完形填空In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. _1_, he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the_2_response that there was an earthquake! He_3_quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet! ”Nicole heard the shouting, _4_the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was_5_even more dramatically. Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen_6_and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. _7_, it got_8_suddenly with an explosion. The house_9_down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in_10_. She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but_11_. A few minutes later, the land was_12_. Nicole heard the sound of short_13_and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no_14_! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. Two people encouraged and_15_each other. They knew that there must be a way to_16_. Slim found that they were close and were_17_by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt_18_from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched Nicoles one hand, then dug the_19_stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a_20_breathing slowly. Two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了一對(duì)夫妻在早上突然遇到了地震及展開(kāi)自救的故事。1. A. UnfortunatelyB. ActuallyC. SuddenlyD. Really【解析】選C。考查語(yǔ)境邏輯。他正在做早飯, 突然感覺(jué)身體在搖晃。故選C。2. A. rapidB. recentC. secondD. best【解析】選A。考查語(yǔ)境邏輯。Slim迅速(rapid)反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái), 地震了。3. A. warnedB. shoutedC. jumpedD. howled【解析】選B?？疾檎Z(yǔ)境邏輯。Slim大聲喊叫(shout)提醒妻子發(fā)生地震了, 趕快躲起來(lái)。故選B。4. A. used upB. found outC. took upD. put away【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。妻子聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了丈夫的喊聲, 拿起急救箱跑進(jìn)了衛(wèi)生間。use up用光; find out發(fā)現(xiàn); take up拿起; put away把收拾起來(lái)。故選C。5. A. burningB. movingC. fallingD. shaking【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。根據(jù)上文可知發(fā)生了地震, 所以房子在搖晃, 在抖動(dòng)。burn燃燒; move移動(dòng); fall傾倒; shake搖晃。故選D。6. A. knifeB. cookC. forkD. tool【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的the kitchen knife可知他拿了一把刀。故選A。7. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Besides【解析】選B。考查連詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。他努力地沿著墻跑去幫助妻子。然而, 突然間發(fā)生了大爆炸。故選B。8. A. brightB. cloudyC. blankD. dark【解析】選D。考查形容詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。突然發(fā)生了爆炸, 一切都變黑了。故選D。9. A. layB. brokeC. crashedD. bent【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。房子倒塌了, 很多東西從上面掉了下來(lái), lie躺下; break損壞; crash倒塌; bend彎曲。10. A. dirtB. ashesC. piecesD. ruins【解析】選D?？疾槊~以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。Nicole很快被埋在廢墟(ruins)里。故選D。11. A. senselessB. impossibleC. impracticalD. invaluable【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。她試圖站起來(lái), 但是不可能(impossible)。選B。12. A. normalB. silentC. flatD. usual【解析】選B。考查形容詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。一切過(guò)了以后都安靜(silent)了下來(lái)。故選B。13. A. stepsB. pausesC. movementsD. breath【解析】選D。考查名詞及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。Nicole聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了短促的呼吸(breath)聲并認(rèn)為是丈夫的聲音。故選D。14. A. signB. hopeC. responseD. result【解析】選C?？疾槊~以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。她朝他大喊, 但是沒(méi)有回應(yīng)。故選C。15. A. calmedB. heldC. touchedD. called【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。夫妻二人相互鼓勵(lì), 使對(duì)方鎮(zhèn)定了下來(lái)。calm使平靜; hold舉起; touch接觸; call呼叫。故選A。16. A. relaxB. municateC. escapeD. succeed【解析】選C。考查動(dòng)詞以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。他們知道一定有逃脫的方法。relax放輕松; municate交流; escape逃跑; succeed成功。故選C。17. A. wrappedB. limitedC. fastenedD. separated【解析】選D?？疾閷?duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。他們靠得很近, 但是卻被掉下的石頭和粉末分開(kāi)了。wrap包裹; limit限制; fasten加速; separate分開(kāi)。故選D。18. A. painB. coldC. waterD. warmth【解析】選A?？疾槊~以及對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解。他用菜刀挖, 能夠感覺(jué)到手指的疼痛。故選A。19. A. spreadingB. bundlingC. stickingD. surrounding【解析】選D。丈夫把妻子周圍的石頭清理掉。spread傳播; bundle匆匆送走; stick粘住; surrounding周圍的。故選D。20. A. pleteB. steadyC. constantD. weak【解析】選B。慢慢地妻子有了穩(wěn)定地呼吸。plete完全的; steady穩(wěn)固的; constant持續(xù)的; weak虛弱的。故選B。. 語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(xx長(zhǎng)沙模擬)Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water1. _(use)on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are2. _(gradual)unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a 3. _(mix)of sea and fresh water 4. _(grow)healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm5. _eight negated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a puter program created water with eight levels of salinity(含鹽度). The water levels and the levels of salinity6. _(control)by puterized measuring devices called “sensors”. Marc Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than 7. _grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much 8. _(good). He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the bination of sea and fresh water. Marc Van Rijsselberg said four 9. _(kind)of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan10. _thousands of hectares of land was damaged by salinization last year. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了氣候變化導(dǎo)致海平面上升, 給沿海農(nóng)業(yè)帶來(lái)了影響。但Marc Van Rijsselberg, 荷蘭的一個(gè)農(nóng)民, 卻用海水和淡水按比例澆灌的方法, 種出了健康美味的蔬菜。1. 【解析】used?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。use與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞的形式。2. 【解析】gradually?？疾楦痹~。修飾動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)該是副詞形式。3. 【解析】mixture。考查名詞。此處指海水和淡水的混合物。4. 【解析】to grow?？疾閯?dòng)詞。to do表示目的。5. 【解析】into?？疾榻樵~。divide into把分成。6. 【解析】were controlled?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處指被控制在一定的比例。7. 【解析】those?？疾榇~。句意: 他說(shuō)這些蔬菜比在淡水中生長(zhǎng)的那些長(zhǎng)得小。8. 【解析】better。考查比較級(jí)。因?yàn)榍懊嬗衜uch, 此處表示更好。9. 【解析】kinds。考查單復(fù)數(shù)。前面有four, 故用kind的復(fù)數(shù)形式。10. 【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Pakistan, 是地點(diǎn), 應(yīng)該用where。squaren. 平方inhabitedadj. 有人居住的stone figure石像settlern. 移民historicaladj. 歷史的dominatev. 支配architecturaladj. 建筑的surroundingadj. 周圍的