Unit 1 人教版八年級英語下冊 語法與知識點(diǎn)

Unit 1第一部分：Grammar一、 情態(tài)動詞（Modal Verbs）情態(tài)動詞should意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，必須和后面的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。1.should的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語+should+doThey should eat a balaced diet.他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食。否定句主語+should not +doThey shouldnt eat too much.他們不該吃得太多。一般疑問句-Should + 主語 +do+?-yes, 主語+should.-No, 主語+shouldnt.-Its too cold. Should I close the window?太冷了，我該關(guān)上窗戶嗎？-Yes, you _./No, you _.是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。2.should的用法用法例句表示勸告、建議You _ answer the question in English.你應(yīng)該用英語回答這個(gè)問題。表示推測They _ be at home now, I think.我認(rèn)為，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等 How _ I know it?我怎么知道這間事情呢？注意：should在以why，who，how等疑問詞開頭的問句中，意為“竟然，居然，怎么會”，表示意外、驚喜或在說話人看來是不可思議的。二、 其他表示建議的句型用法例句Shall we/I + do+?Shall we _ for a walk? 咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?？What/How about+doing/sth?What about _ swimming? 去游泳怎么樣？Lets + do?Lets _ and _ them.咱們?nèi)タ纯此麄儼伞oud/Wed better (not) + do?We _ _ wait a little longer.我們最好再稍等一會兒。Why dont you + do ?Why dont you _ a walk outside?為什么不出去散步呢？Why not + do?Why _ _ a walk outside?為什么不出去散步呢？三、 反身代詞表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱代詞的賓格形式，詞尾加self或selves組成。反身代詞可譯“本人”、“本身”，為加強(qiáng)語氣，也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱代詞one-oneself.1、反身代詞的分類數(shù)、人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代詞的用法用法說明例句作動詞的賓語常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,look after, get dressed 作賓語He is teaching _ English.他在自學(xué)英語。We enjoyed _ last night.昨天晚上我們玩得很開心。做介詞的賓語常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語She lives by _ in the countryside.她一個(gè)人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。做同位語強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、加強(qiáng)語氣Did you make the cake _?這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛？Mr. Black _ is a lawyer.布萊克先生本人就是一名律師。做表語強(qiáng)調(diào)“自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been _ recently.瑪麗最近有些不對勁。第二部分：單詞用法Section A1. Whats the matter?怎么了？該句常用詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了什么麻煩，其后用with引出對象。1). Whats the matter with sb.?=whats wrong with sb.?=whats the trouble/problem with sb.?=whats ones trouble/problem?e.g. Whats the matter with Tom?=whats _ with Tom?=Whats the _ with Tom?=Whats Toms _?2). matter, 名詞，“問題，事情”e.g. We have important _(matter) to discuss.我們有些重要的問題要討論。3). 動詞，“要緊，關(guān)系重大”e.g. It dosent _ that you came late.2. I have a cold.我感冒了。1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒，著涼”The old man _ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。2). “have +a/an +疾病名稱”意為“得了.病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache3. I have a sore back.我背痛?！癐 have a sore + 身體部位”意為“痛”辨析sore和achesore形容詞，意為“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身體部位名詞前sore feet sore leg sore throatache名詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞headache; stomachache4. lie down and and rest.1).lie 的不同含義及詞性變化單詞詞性詞義現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞lie動詞躺；平躺lyinglayLainlie動詞說謊lyingliedLiedlie名詞謊言無無無Katy _ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凱蒂昨晚躺在床上看書。He _(lie) to me about the result.對于結(jié)果他對我說了謊。2). rest 動詞，“休息，放松”May him rest in peace.have/take a rest 休息，放松=rest5. You need to take breaks away from the computer.take breaks = take/have a break 休息We are _ a break under the tree.我們正在樹下休息。6. Yeah，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同樣的姿勢一動不動地坐太久了。1). In the same way:以同樣的方式，以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way.2).without為介詞，意為“無，沒有，不”You cant buy things _ money! 你沒有錢就買不了東西。He left without _ anything.他什么都沒有說就離開了。7. When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.這時(shí)，司機(jī)看到路邊躺著一位老人。see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽到的動作的正在進(jìn)行see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽到的動作的完整性e.g. I often _ him _ in the garden last month. 上個(gè)月，我總是看到他在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過程) I _ him _ in the garden when I passed by yersterday. 昨天我看見他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行)8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.1).expect +名詞/代詞 “期待；預(yù)料”I am _ a phone call from her.我正在等她的電話。2).expect to do sth.She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him.4).expect +that 從句 I expect that hell come back tomorrow.9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.1). to ones surprise “使驚訝的是，出乎意料”_ my _(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.讓我驚訝的是，他拒絕與我們合作。2). agree “同意”a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事”b. agree with sb.c. agree on sth. “就某事達(dá)成一致”e.g. My mother agreed _(buy) me a new pen. I entirely agree _ you. We agree _ the question.10. 辨析thanks to /thanks for thanks to “多虧，由于”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或doingthanks for“因而感謝”，for 后接感謝的原因，常為名詞或doing形式，Thanks _ you, I am not lost.幸虧你我才沒有迷路。Thanks _ sending me such a nice gift. 謝謝你寄給我這么好的一個(gè)禮物。11. get into trouble “造成麻煩（或煩惱）;陷入困境” trouble是不可數(shù)名詞。be in trouble “再麻煩和困境中”e.g. Lisa _ _ trouble when she climed the mountain.Let us help the people who are _ _. 12. Did you fall down?fall-fell-fallenfall down 意為“倒下”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟賓語，加from連接賓語，fall down from，表示“從摔下”fall off“跌落”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“從某處跌落，摔下來”=fall down frome.g. The dog _ down dead.那條狗倒下去死了。 The boy _ _ _ the tree and broke his legs. The girl _ _ the bike.Section B1. Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的，惡心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品質(zhì)惡劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定語，也可以用作表語。表語時(shí)“惡心的”ill 既可以作定語，也可以用作表語。作定語時(shí)：表示“品質(zhì)惡劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _.He is an _ student, because he smokes and drinks.I have to look after my _ sister home at home today.2. Someone got hit on the head.有人頭部受到了撞擊。1).get hit 為系表結(jié)構(gòu)：get hit +on/in +the+身體部位的名詞，表示 “某身體部位受到了撞擊”e.g. The police officer _ _on the shoulder. 這位警官的肩膀受到了撞擊。2). hit, “打擊，擊中” 如果強(qiáng)調(diào) “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身體部位”e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子彈擊中了他的后背。3).hit可以做名詞，“轟動一時(shí)的成功的人或事；風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的作品”。e.g. The song was a hit at once.3. have problems breathing1). breathe, a.動詞“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名詞，breath，沒有“e” take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold ones breath 屏住呼吸2). have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難或麻煩” e.g. I have _ _ English. 我學(xué)習(xí)英語有困難。4. 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞+名詞/doingbe used to do意為“被用來做”to為不定式符號+do原形used to do意為“過去常?！保瑃o為不定式符號+do原形e.g. I am _ to _ up early.我習(xí)慣早起。A pen is _ to _.鋼筆是用來寫字的。He _ to _ books for an hour every day.他過去常常每天讀一個(gè)小時(shí)的書。5. find + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)1). find 賓語 adj. We found him dishonest. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠實(shí)。2).find 賓語 doing We found him _others homework. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在抄別人作業(yè)。3).find 賓語 副詞和介詞短語 I am so glad to find you _.我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)你在家。 I found the clothes _ _ style. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些衣服過時(shí)了。6. 辨析run out/run out of 用盡，耗盡run out“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，后面不接賓語，主語通常是“事物”時(shí)間，金錢等run out of“動詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于及物動詞，后面可以接賓語，主語通常是“人”O(jiān)ur money is _ out. 我們的錢快用光了。We are running out _ money. 我們的錢快用光了。7. 辨析so that /sothatso that“以便，為了”=in order that, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，常與can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞。so.that“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so為副詞，+adj/adv;that 后跟從句。可以與enough to do和tooto do進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. They got up early _ _ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _ _ I can follow you.Tom ran _ fast _ I couldnt catch up with him.=Tom ran _ fast _ catch up with.8. so that 用法。1). so + adj./adv. +that2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that3). so + many/much/few/little +n.thate.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldnt reach. 天花板如此高，我們夠不著。His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他兒子那么高，幾乎夠到天花板了。Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凱特跌倒了好多次，摔得身體青一款紫一塊。9. give up 放棄1). “動詞+副詞”代詞做賓語，代詞放中間。give it/them/him/herup2). give up doing its good for you to give up _. 戒煙對你有好處。10. I hurt myself playing soccer.playing soccer 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。表示動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。其邏輯主語為句子的主語。e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _ for a test. 昨天我為測驗(yàn)熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。