【機(jī)械類(lèi)畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】城市供水系統(tǒng)
【機(jī)械類(lèi)畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】城市供水系統(tǒng),機(jī)械類(lèi)畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯,機(jī)械類(lèi),畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對(duì)照,對(duì)比,比照,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,城市,供水系統(tǒng)
附錄:文獻(xiàn)翻譯中文翻譯城市供水系統(tǒng)摘要系統(tǒng)包括供電線路和消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)供水系統(tǒng),其中一個(gè)是監(jiān)視消費(fèi)者誰(shuí)接收最少量的壓力,一個(gè)是減壓閥的壓力調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)(PRV)相關(guān)聯(lián)的一個(gè)先導(dǎo)閥,預(yù)先設(shè)定為標(biāo)稱(chēng)輸出壓力,并包括一個(gè)微分控制閥(DCV)的壓力控制系統(tǒng)。拾取器單元被提供用于測(cè)量流量參數(shù),指示在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者的壓力,從而發(fā)射出壓力信號(hào)到控制器,產(chǎn)生的控制信號(hào)響應(yīng)于所述壓力信號(hào),以激活DCV的致動(dòng)器,從而通過(guò)管的流速的直流電壓,以便在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者獲得期望的壓力,從而改變通過(guò)PRV的流速。 供水系統(tǒng)說(shuō)明本發(fā)明一般是在水的流量和壓力控制的領(lǐng)域。更具體地說(shuō),本發(fā)明涉及用于供水網(wǎng)絡(luò)的控制系統(tǒng)。本發(fā)明還涉及與系統(tǒng)和水控制方法使用的設(shè)備.發(fā)明背景供水系統(tǒng),例如市政水系統(tǒng),典型地包括一個(gè)主電源線從水源供給(水容器,井,湖泊等)和泵送裝置,用于推動(dòng)該水通過(guò)管道網(wǎng)絡(luò),因此它可以下游達(dá)到各種消費(fèi)者。典型地,還設(shè)置有各種壓力調(diào)節(jié)和控制裝置,沿著管的網(wǎng)絡(luò),以監(jiān)測(cè)水流量和降低水的壓力,以這樣的水平,一方面,保證各種系統(tǒng)等,有壓力的正常運(yùn)作激活,如灌溉系統(tǒng)的閥裝置等,在另一方面,將不通過(guò)過(guò)大的壓力會(huì)損壞消費(fèi)者的任何終端設(shè)備,例如爆管,太陽(yáng)能熱水器的損壞,并連接到水網(wǎng)(洗碗機(jī),洗衣機(jī)等)等國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備。壓力過(guò)大也可能是從網(wǎng)絡(luò)接收水工業(yè)設(shè)施有害的。以下在本說(shuō)明書(shū)和權(quán)利要求書(shū)中的術(shù)語(yǔ)“管網(wǎng)”指的是管道和從水源延伸至所述消費(fèi)者設(shè)備。供水系統(tǒng)的消費(fèi)者可能是例如國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)者,工業(yè)設(shè)施,公共和市政設(shè)施,農(nóng)業(yè)的消費(fèi)者,等等,所有這些都被本文所指的說(shuō)明書(shū)和權(quán)利要求統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)者”。其中消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)有至少一個(gè)消費(fèi)者的位置處測(cè)得的壓力是比在其他消費(fèi)場(chǎng)所測(cè)量的壓力下。這樣,消費(fèi)者可以是例如遠(yuǎn)程1 ,由此產(chǎn)生壓力損失,由于流經(jīng)在升高的位置(高建筑物或山)長(zhǎng)和分支管道(摩擦和壓頭損失) ,或消費(fèi)者等 以下在說(shuō)明書(shū)和權(quán)利要求中,一個(gè)或多個(gè)消費(fèi)者在其最低壓力的測(cè)量是被稱(chēng)為“監(jiān)控用戶” (也稱(chēng)為“臨界消費(fèi)者” ) 。 用水量在市政供水系統(tǒng)有變化的一天。消費(fèi)量增加通常是在早上的時(shí)間測(cè)量(約6 9時(shí)),并再次在傍晚時(shí)分(約7 9點(diǎn)) 。然而,這些峰如有更改,例如在周末,在DST ,季節(jié)變化,重大活動(dòng)等重要體育賽事等的設(shè)置 它是水供給機(jī)構(gòu)的關(guān)注,例如市政當(dāng)局或水供給公司,所監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者接收水以最小的壓力,例如說(shuō),約2.5個(gè)大氣壓,以確保各種壓力激活設(shè)備正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和在生活用水設(shè)施,享受合理的壓力,例如:水龍頭,花灑等增加的壓力在監(jiān)控消費(fèi)者必然需要在消費(fèi)者更加顯著壓力增加上游,即使在壓力高達(dá)有害的。一方面,超壓要求更強(qiáng)大的抽油機(jī),更昂貴。第二,它需要一個(gè)管網(wǎng)能夠承受這樣的過(guò)壓。再有就是超壓,可導(dǎo)致?lián)p害上文已經(jīng)提到的消費(fèi)者的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 不僅如此,在管網(wǎng)不顯著泄漏,如未成年人孔或管道元件接觸不良,成為比例在壓力增加顯著,可能是其誤入歧途的一些顯著虧損淡水的原因。報(bào)告顯示,新鮮水滲漏損失率達(dá)到高達(dá)約15 40 供應(yīng)商的流量輸送。 各種水壓和控制系統(tǒng)是已知的。基本結(jié)構(gòu)包括一個(gè)減壓閥(PRV) ,其功能通過(guò)壓力裝置或改變,以減少壓力入口和出口處之間,不論流量的變化上游。幾個(gè)這樣的減壓閥一般安裝沿管網(wǎng),如在branchings到郊區(qū),毗鄰主要消費(fèi)設(shè)施,建筑物等 一個(gè)典型的PRV包括入口端口在通過(guò)流路通過(guò)一個(gè)壓力控制室管與出口端口流體連通之中。當(dāng)壓力控制腔加壓時(shí),流路被限制,從而限制所述入口和出口之間的流動(dòng),從而得到基本恒定的出口壓力。 控制腔中的壓力是由多種流量控制裝置,其最終成為用于通過(guò)控制腔室控制水流量的目的管轄。 根據(jù)一個(gè)現(xiàn)有技術(shù)實(shí)施例,提供了一種所謂的液壓閥,其中所述壓力腔室由具有恒定進(jìn)氣流量Q1連接在PRV的上游的節(jié)流孔口帶電,并由具有一組標(biāo)稱(chēng)的先導(dǎo)閥排出下游出口流量Q2連接說(shuō)PRV 。當(dāng)Q1大于Q2內(nèi)的增壓控制腔中的壓力增加,從而限制(或接近)的入口和PRV的出口,從而限制出口流動(dòng)的PRV的的Qout ,帶來(lái)相應(yīng)下降之間的流動(dòng)通道在讓出PRV的壓力噘嘴。 按照不同的結(jié)構(gòu),而不是限制孔和先導(dǎo)閥,設(shè)置有連接到電控制器,由此水入口流量Q1和出口流量Q2被控制,從而調(diào)控所述控制腔中的壓力的螺線管(任選比例電磁鐵) 。 按照仍然另一個(gè)實(shí)施例中的偏置室被裝配到先導(dǎo)閥的柱塞對(duì)液壓激活先導(dǎo)閥的內(nèi)部隔膜。所述偏壓室連接到上游的供水由此,先導(dǎo)閥的柱塞是可移動(dòng),以限制導(dǎo)閥的出口流量Q2 。又一控制系統(tǒng)是涉及嵌合偏壓室上的導(dǎo)閥供給,由此,先導(dǎo)閥的調(diào)節(jié)構(gòu)件可移位,從而限制導(dǎo)閥的出口流動(dòng)Q2的調(diào)整部件。根據(jù)一個(gè)上述溶液的實(shí)施例,提供了一種偏壓室整體地裝與先導(dǎo)閥。然而,控制電磁閥仍需要限制進(jìn)口流量Q1和出口流量Q2。 上述各控制系統(tǒng)的具有至少一個(gè)的幾個(gè)不足之處和缺點(diǎn)如下:一發(fā)生故障的一個(gè)或兩個(gè)電磁線圈呈現(xiàn)偽狂犬病毒無(wú)效。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不希望的2極端位置,第一個(gè)是完整的切斷供水和第二被以為消費(fèi)者提供一個(gè)壓力,它等于高壓的上游(如在PRV不履行其功能)中的一個(gè),由此水供應(yīng)商面臨由于對(duì)消費(fèi)者造成的損害故障責(zé)任。二每一個(gè)可識(shí)別的壓力或流量變化嗣繼承激活螺線管據(jù)此關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)力源正在迅速枯竭的;三電磁閥和閥內(nèi)組件的增加開(kāi)口/關(guān)閉可能導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)容易出現(xiàn)故障。四螺線管的使用需要水的過(guò)濾在高級(jí)別(通常多達(dá)微米)。從而增加了維修的預(yù)期。五一個(gè)重要因素是安裝控制系統(tǒng)改造中的選項(xiàng)。在大多數(shù)情況下,個(gè)別配件和設(shè)施都要求其提供的安裝不符合成本效益。六在低流速系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入一個(gè)所謂的狩獵狀態(tài),系統(tǒng)是不成功的達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。七偏置室是一個(gè)需要精細(xì)調(diào)整和是易受污物敏感元素。八該系統(tǒng)不提供任何旁路安排,由此這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的故障可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致該消費(fèi)者將獲得過(guò)高的壓力,這可能導(dǎo)致?lián)p壞。因此,這是本發(fā)明的一個(gè)反對(duì)是提供一種能夠提供實(shí)質(zhì)上所需的壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者不管消費(fèi)變化的供水控制系統(tǒng),即通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)流速。甲在根據(jù)本發(fā)明的供水系統(tǒng)提供了在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者在管道網(wǎng)絡(luò),也不管在消費(fèi)或周期性這種變化的突然變化測(cè)量無(wú)論其位置和水頭損失的基本恒定的壓力。在根據(jù)本發(fā)明的另一個(gè)方面,提供了一種差動(dòng)控制閥中通過(guò)消除這樣的壓力變化得到的恒定流速,盡管在管線壓力的變化是有用的。仍然在本發(fā)明的另一個(gè)目的是提供一種用于控制壓力在一個(gè)供水系統(tǒng),以便提供所需的壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者的方法。發(fā)明內(nèi)容本發(fā)明要求一個(gè)包括消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和一個(gè)壓力調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)中,盡管通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)的交替流動(dòng)速率維持在所監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者在期望的壓力水平的壓力水供給系統(tǒng)。在根據(jù)本發(fā)明的一個(gè)方面,提供了一種包括一個(gè)電源線和消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)供水系統(tǒng),其中之一是一個(gè)監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者誰(shuí)接收最少量的壓力,包括一個(gè)減壓閥的壓力調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)( PRV)與先導(dǎo)閥設(shè)定標(biāo)稱(chēng)輸出壓力有關(guān);并包括一個(gè)微分控制閥(DCV )的壓力控制系統(tǒng);一拾取單元,用于測(cè)量在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者指示壓力的流參數(shù)和發(fā)射的壓力信號(hào)給控制器;所述控制器產(chǎn)生的控制信號(hào)響應(yīng)于所述壓力信號(hào),以激活DCV的致動(dòng)器,從而通過(guò)DCV管的流量,從而獲得期望的壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者,而不管通過(guò)PRV改變流速。按照一個(gè)實(shí)施方案中,流參數(shù)是測(cè)量相鄰的PRV ,并轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)代表壓力的壓力信號(hào)在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換的計(jì)算流速。并在根據(jù)另一實(shí)施例的流動(dòng)參數(shù)是壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者測(cè)定。在流參數(shù)是流量,存在通常提供一個(gè)壓力傳感器,用于讀取壓力在DCV的出口線,以產(chǎn)生局部壓力的信號(hào),從而所述局部壓力信號(hào),壓力信號(hào)在控制器進(jìn)行了比較。按照又一實(shí)施例中,供水系統(tǒng)還包括用于覆蓋DCV在直流電壓的檢測(cè)到的控制器(包括任何控制參數(shù),如軟件問(wèn)題,控制信號(hào)錯(cuò)誤等)和/或發(fā)生故障時(shí)的旁路門(mén)。在根據(jù)本發(fā)明的一個(gè)不同方面,提供了一種差動(dòng)控制閥可用于壓力控制系統(tǒng)中根據(jù)本發(fā)明。微分控制閥包括:配有一個(gè)靜態(tài)的入口,一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)入口和閥出口的殼體;控制腔通過(guò)柔性隔膜將所述腔室分成一個(gè)第一腔室與靜態(tài)入口連通,而第二腔室與所述閥口和一個(gè)控制流路,供應(yīng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)之間的通信連通密封地隔開(kāi),所述第二腔室和所述進(jìn)氣的動(dòng)態(tài);一個(gè)彈簧加載的堵塞件鉸接與膜片和作為控制流路,響應(yīng)差動(dòng)柔性膜片的壓力位移范圍內(nèi)可軸向移動(dòng);和一個(gè)控制致動(dòng)器,用于軸向移動(dòng)所述堵塞件,從而通過(guò)控制流路,響應(yīng)壓力差超過(guò)柔性膜片和由致動(dòng)器和彈簧施加一個(gè)相反的力來(lái)管理流。根據(jù)一個(gè)特定的差動(dòng)控制閥的一個(gè)實(shí)施例中,堵塞件是安裝用于進(jìn)行密封接合的流路中的相應(yīng)的密封座的針型密封件;所述密封件和密封座基本上是相等的錐形并且其中所述密封座和密封件之間的橫截面流動(dòng)面積正比相對(duì)于軸向的密封構(gòu)件的位移。本發(fā)明還涉及用于控制壓力的水供給系統(tǒng)包括一個(gè)電源線和消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò),其中被監(jiān)視的一個(gè)消費(fèi)者誰(shuí)接收最少量的壓力1的方法;它包括一個(gè)減壓閥(PRV)配有一個(gè)先導(dǎo)閥預(yù)置到一個(gè)額定輸出壓力,其包括串聯(lián)連接到所述控制閥,流量參數(shù)拾取單元的差動(dòng)控制閥(DCV )的壓力控制系統(tǒng)和一個(gè)壓力調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)一個(gè)控制器;該方法包括以下步驟:( i)測(cè)定在所監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者指示壓力的流參數(shù)和發(fā)射的壓力信號(hào)到控制器;( ii)由該控制器產(chǎn)生控制信號(hào),所述控制信號(hào)響應(yīng)于所述壓力信號(hào)的裝置;()在激活DCV的致動(dòng)器的控制信號(hào),從而通過(guò)管的直流電壓的流速,從而通過(guò)先導(dǎo)閥來(lái)控制流量,以獲得期望的壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者,而不管通過(guò)PRV改變流率的。在流參數(shù)是流量,該方法包括另外的步驟:()測(cè)量流速相鄰的PRV和發(fā)送流量信號(hào)至控制器;(v)該流量信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成代表該壓力的壓力信號(hào)在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換的計(jì)算;()測(cè)量局部壓力在DCV的出口線,并產(chǎn)生一個(gè)相應(yīng)的局部壓力的信號(hào);( )比較局部壓力信號(hào),壓力信號(hào),并產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的控制信號(hào)()返回到步驟()。有利的是,該供水系統(tǒng)裝有一個(gè)旁通門(mén)重寫(xiě)DCV ,使得在系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障時(shí),旁通打開(kāi),從而提供出口壓力Poutat的PRV的出口與對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)稱(chēng)輸出壓力設(shè)定在先導(dǎo)閥。本發(fā)明還涉及供水系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)能夠處理也顯著低流速,從而避免所謂的“擺動(dòng)” ,即一種情況在其中一個(gè)典型的供水系統(tǒng)不能穩(wěn)定其壓力參數(shù)在低流速。因此,提供了一種包括連接到至少一個(gè)消費(fèi)者,其特征在于高流速路徑和平行安裝繞過(guò)低流量路徑中的壓力調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的線供水系統(tǒng);說(shuō)高流量路徑包括一個(gè)高流量的壓力( HFPRV )具有高額定流量輸出和一個(gè)先導(dǎo)閥預(yù)設(shè)第一額定輸出壓力相關(guān)的調(diào)節(jié)閥;并且包括一個(gè)控制器,一個(gè)微分控制閥( DCV) ,拾取器單元,用于通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)測(cè)量流率的壓力控制系統(tǒng);所述低流量路徑包括低流量壓力( LFPRV ),具有低流量額定輸出和一個(gè)先導(dǎo)閥預(yù)設(shè)第二額定輸出壓力相關(guān)的減壓閥;其特征在于,所述拾取器單元發(fā)射的流參數(shù)的信號(hào),以生成一個(gè)響應(yīng)控制信號(hào)來(lái)激活DCV ,從而支配通過(guò)DCV流速的致動(dòng)器的控制器;由此,當(dāng)?shù)陀谠O(shè)定值的流量參數(shù)信號(hào)下降時(shí),表示關(guān)閉直流電壓將會(huì)導(dǎo)致在關(guān)閉LFPRV的HFPRV和模擬開(kāi)放;而當(dāng)流量參數(shù)超過(guò)所述預(yù)定值的LFPRV關(guān)閉,并且HFPRV打開(kāi)。在流參數(shù)是之前或之后HFPRV測(cè)量的流量,但在此之前或低流控制電路的分支后,分別在DCV包括:配有一個(gè)靜態(tài)的入口和一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)入口的殼體都在與先導(dǎo)閥預(yù)置為高額定輸出壓力的出口,以及閥出口流體連通的HFPRV的出口即流動(dòng)連通;控制腔通過(guò)柔性隔膜將所述腔室分成一個(gè)第一腔室與靜態(tài)入口連通,而第二腔室與所述閥口和一個(gè)控制流路,供應(yīng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)之間的通信連通密封地隔開(kāi),所述第二腔室和所述進(jìn)氣的動(dòng)態(tài);一個(gè)彈簧加載的堵塞件鉸接與膜片和作為控制流路,響應(yīng)差動(dòng)柔性膜片的壓力位移范圍內(nèi)可軸向移動(dòng);和致動(dòng)器由控制器控制,用于軸向移動(dòng)所述堵塞件,從而通過(guò)控制流路,響應(yīng)壓力差超過(guò)柔性膜片和由彈簧和致動(dòng)器施加一個(gè)相反的力來(lái)管理流。附圖的簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明為了理解本發(fā)明以及看看它是如何可以在實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行的,一些優(yōu)選實(shí)施例現(xiàn)在將描述的,通過(guò)僅非限制性示例的方式,參考附圖,其中:圖1是根據(jù)本發(fā)明一個(gè)實(shí)施例的水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的示意圖;圖2是一個(gè)示意圖,表示在稍微更詳細(xì)地示出的水供給系統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)。圖3A3C示出了用于流量控制系統(tǒng)在根據(jù)本發(fā)明的差動(dòng)控制閥,其特征在于:圖3A示出處于閉合位置的閥;圖3B示出了處于部分打開(kāi)位置的閥;和圖3C示出了在完全打開(kāi)位置的閥;圖4示出根據(jù)本發(fā)明,在其關(guān)閉位置的閥的差動(dòng)控制閥的實(shí)施例;圖5是按照一個(gè)不同的本發(fā)明實(shí)施例的水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的示意圖;圖6是用在供水系統(tǒng)中按照?qǐng)D1的實(shí)施例的控制系統(tǒng)的示意性表示。 圖7是用于防止抖動(dòng),在具有供水系統(tǒng)協(xié)會(huì)按照本發(fā)明的控制系統(tǒng)的示意性表示。本發(fā)明的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明注意的是第一定向到圖。參見(jiàn)附圖1 ,通過(guò)一個(gè)示意圖,供水系統(tǒng)按照其代表了一種典型的市政供水系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)分支部分,本發(fā)明的方式示出。該系統(tǒng)包括管起始于水,例如,一個(gè)源的網(wǎng)絡(luò)湖泊,水庫(kù),井等(未顯示) 。水可通過(guò)管網(wǎng)20通過(guò)一個(gè)或多個(gè)泵裝置24或其它合適的裝置裝置被推進(jìn),如本身已知的,例如重力等流過(guò)管網(wǎng)中的水被泵入在基本上高壓力,直到它到達(dá)分支部分在其中一個(gè)減壓閥(PRV) 26被裝配用于降低水的壓力為每個(gè)鄰域塊或?qū)⒆兊蔑@而易見(jiàn)下文更詳細(xì)地也對(duì)總的30示出在圖稍微詳細(xì)的控制系統(tǒng)。它是供水公司(通常是市等)的關(guān)注,所有的消費(fèi)者沿著供電線路至少獲得一定的額定壓力,從而保證了各種壓力激活設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)作及功能,例如:噴頭,閥門(mén)及過(guò)濾裝置等,以及享受合理的壓力和生活用水的設(shè)施,如點(diǎn)選淋浴等在另一方面,它是水供給公司的顯著關(guān)注的是在消費(fèi)者的壓力不會(huì)超過(guò)一定的標(biāo)稱(chēng)壓力,以便不可處引起的過(guò)壓,例如損害管道(通常在太陽(yáng)能集熱器發(fā)生),顯著泄漏等的爆裂從PRV 26分支延伸到關(guān)閉管道干管32 34導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者包括幾套房子36和市級(jí)或國(guó)內(nèi)龍頭38和40指定位于一座小山的頂部,并連接到主管32一顯著遠(yuǎn)程用戶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過(guò)管路42 ,在正常條件下,在這后一種消費(fèi)者40監(jiān)測(cè)的壓力是最低的,由于長(zhǎng)的管道到達(dá)其上(通過(guò)耦合摩擦和水頭損失和支化的元素)和由于壓頭損失在視圖的高度差異。消費(fèi)者40被稱(chēng)為一個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)消費(fèi)者(有時(shí)也被稱(chēng)為臨界消費(fèi)者) 。進(jìn)一步的討論是針對(duì)一般用30控制系統(tǒng),與正在做進(jìn)一步的參考也圖。 2, PRV 26包括耦合到一個(gè)上游主配管部分20和聯(lián)接到下游的主配管32的出口52的入口50 ,一種流路56的入口50和出口52密封由閥之間形成的PRV內(nèi)構(gòu)件58密封地接合在一個(gè)閥座62的PRV還包括與柔性膜片66沿軸向支承在閥構(gòu)件58上形成一控制腔64 。的布置是這樣的,加壓壓力室64使振動(dòng)板66變形向下,將會(huì)導(dǎo)致閥構(gòu)件58的朝閥座62相應(yīng)的位移,從而限制或完全關(guān)閉流動(dòng)通道56 。減壓壓力室64的結(jié)果在閥構(gòu)件的軸向位移58從閥座62脫開(kāi),從而重新打開(kāi)該流動(dòng)通道62 。控制腔64內(nèi)的壓力是由水引入或從腔室64排出的量管。控制旁通管線72連接到PRV上游74在與入口壓力Pinwhich對(duì)應(yīng)與上游壓力流體連通之中。裝在控制旁通管路72有一過(guò)濾器單元78和一個(gè)流量限制孔口80具有恒定的流速。延伸到控制腔64是一個(gè)壓力控制線路82 ,另外裝在控制旁通管路72有具有額定出口壓力,由螺桿式調(diào)速器88手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的先導(dǎo)閥86 。延伸的先導(dǎo)閥86的下游側(cè),并連接到管部分87有一個(gè)差動(dòng)控制閥( DCV) ,其具有耦合到出口的減壓閥26的52的出口90的直流電壓由電動(dòng)致動(dòng)器92 。 DCV 90的結(jié)構(gòu)將更詳細(xì)地解釋參照?qǐng)D。 3和5。該直流電壓被耦合到PRV 96通過(guò)管段94與主配管32的壓力功率輸出的下游部分流動(dòng)連通。如可以看到的圖。如圖1所示,壓力拾取單元100被安裝在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者40的部位,所述方法包括一個(gè)發(fā)射機(jī),用于發(fā)射一個(gè)壓力信號(hào)PS收款由控制器108拾取單元100 ??梢岳斫猓皇峭ㄟ^(guò)無(wú)線傳輸?shù)膲毫π盘?hào)PS通信裝置,這個(gè)可進(jìn)行通過(guò)其他手段,例如有線通信(如電話線,電力線,光信號(hào)等) ??刂苹芈方?jīng)發(fā)出一個(gè)控制信號(hào)CS ,它響應(yīng)于所述壓力信號(hào)PS和其中激活DCV的致動(dòng)器92 ,如將在下文中更詳細(xì)地解釋關(guān)閉。A中是不支持的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),供水系統(tǒng)通常會(huì)在白天幾個(gè)壓力下降,如在晚上通常是衡量在早上的時(shí)間消耗增加(約6 9時(shí)),再次的結(jié)果小時(shí)(約7 9點(diǎn)) 。然而,這些峰如有更改,例如在周末,在DST ,季節(jié)變化,重大活動(dòng)等重要體育賽事等。每一次的設(shè)置這樣一個(gè)壓降測(cè)量,所監(jiān)測(cè)的消費(fèi)者40將經(jīng)歷壓力相當(dāng)顯著下降,可能對(duì)功能的影響一些家用設(shè)備,甚至影響生活質(zhì)量。另一方面,為了補(bǔ)償因壓力在關(guān)鍵時(shí)間損失,該系統(tǒng)可以被編程,例如,以避免壓力下降低于預(yù)定的最小標(biāo)稱(chēng)壓力在所述監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者。這樣安排的結(jié)果是,在所謂的死亡時(shí)間為一天,即,它耗水量保持在最低限度(例如午夜后和凌晨)消耗的時(shí)間是在管道非常低,因此輕微泄漏,例如:在接口和耦合裝置,例如109中所示。 1 ,或在國(guó)內(nèi)或公共水龍頭漏水,例如水龍頭38將成為顯著泄漏。在根據(jù)本發(fā)明的供水系統(tǒng)中,如圖所示的一個(gè)例子。 1 ,通過(guò)連續(xù)地監(jiān)測(cè)壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者40 ,其中最小的標(biāo)稱(chēng)壓力被確定克服了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。對(duì)應(yīng)于壓力拾取單元100測(cè)得的壓力的壓力信號(hào)被傳輸,且被控制器108的天線113 。響應(yīng)于壓力信號(hào)PS時(shí),控制器產(chǎn)生一個(gè)控制信號(hào)CS到DCV 90的致動(dòng)器92 ,以從而打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉通過(guò)一個(gè)流路的直流電壓90 ,使得PRV 26被連續(xù)地調(diào)整,以提供所需的壓力在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者40 ,無(wú)論改變由于消耗的變化流速??刂破?08是預(yù)編程的或可編程的,以控制所述致動(dòng)器92操作的預(yù)選范圍內(nèi),從而不會(huì)耗盡電源(通常為電池) ,并降低由過(guò)度使用中發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)的潔具。因此,有利的是,該控制器108進(jìn)行編程,以便產(chǎn)生一個(gè)控制信號(hào)CS對(duì)應(yīng)的范圍內(nèi)的壓力信號(hào)PS的,以便只給例如顯著壓力變化的響應(yīng),控制信號(hào)CS就由控制器108產(chǎn)生只有當(dāng)壓力信號(hào)從一定范圍內(nèi)的值離去。每個(gè)時(shí)間的控制信號(hào)CS是由控制器108發(fā)出的,直流電壓90的致動(dòng)器92改變了DCV的流動(dòng)通道,由此控制水的流過(guò)管部分94的量,即在何種程度上壓力室PRV 26 64被加壓,最終控制PRV 26的出口壓力功率輸出。進(jìn)一步注意現(xiàn)在被引導(dǎo)到圖圖3A到關(guān)注的差分控制閥( DCV) 90,它是一種針型閥的特定設(shè)計(jì)圖紙3C 。微分控制閥包括一個(gè)具有一個(gè)靜態(tài)入口端口136 (其在圖1所示的控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 2被連接到管部分87 )和一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)入口134 (殼體132,它在控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)圖2還耦合到管段87 ) 。殼體132具有閥出口140 (在圖1的控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 2耦合到延伸到PRV 26的出口管部94 )被進(jìn)一步形成。的直流電壓90的內(nèi)部形成有一控制腔室144通過(guò)一柔性膜片146 ,其將控制腔分成上部,第一腔室148與所述靜態(tài)入口134流動(dòng)連通被密封地隔開(kāi),和一個(gè)較低的第二腔室150是在流與出口140連通。甲流路154上形成有密封面156的流路154中的動(dòng)態(tài)入口134和第二室150之間的連通,并且實(shí)際上用于實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)的入口136和出口140之間的通信。的堵塞件160是鉸接在162到振動(dòng)板146 ,并且包括相應(yīng)的錐形密封座156 (最好參見(jiàn)圖3C ),錐形密封部164 。一個(gè)O形環(huán)166被設(shè)置為完整的密封。堵塞件160是一完全關(guān)閉位置和打開(kāi)位置,其中流動(dòng)通信的動(dòng)態(tài)入口134和出口140之間實(shí)現(xiàn)之間的流動(dòng)通道內(nèi)軸向移動(dòng)。堵塞件160通常朝著密封接合的流動(dòng)通道154的(閉合)由包括一個(gè)螺旋彈簧構(gòu)件170支承在一端靠在支撐板172裝在堵塞件160的端部的致動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)169的手段和偏置在對(duì)可軸向移動(dòng)的板件174安裝在由軸承178和可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的由致動(dòng)器92的裝置支承的螺紋桿176的相對(duì)端。該布置使得桿176的旋轉(zhuǎn)嗣繼承板構(gòu)件174 ,從而增大或減小彈簧174的軸向力的軸向位移,從而導(dǎo)致支撐板分別堵塞件160朝向打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉流動(dòng)通道154和172的軸向位移。它可是理解的是這兩個(gè)進(jìn)氣口,分別是靜態(tài)的入口136和動(dòng)態(tài)入口134被連接到相同的供水管線,因而同樣壓力。因此,第一腔室148與第二腔室150也同樣施加壓力導(dǎo)致隔膜156處于中立位置以外的致動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)169施加的軸向壓力,壓力的第二腔150內(nèi)通過(guò)與轉(zhuǎn)換彈簧170所施加的力入壓力,基本上等于在第一室148中的壓力。這種安排的結(jié)果是,該動(dòng)態(tài)壓力進(jìn)行微分和流路的實(shí)際開(kāi)口由通過(guò)致動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)169 ,即通過(guò)施加軸向壓力管彈簧170和由致動(dòng)器92施加的軸向位移的力。誰(shuí),應(yīng)當(dāng)理解的是,堵塞件160可通過(guò)除致動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)169 ,例如其它軸向移動(dòng)由液壓致動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。等在圖1的位置。如圖3A所示,直流電壓90是在其所謂的關(guān)閉位置,其特征在于密封所述堵塞件160的部分164密封地接合座156以有效地關(guān)閉該流路154的圖。如圖3B所示,直流電壓90中示出,其中流動(dòng)通道154被打開(kāi)到一定程度,以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)的入口134和出口140之間的通信,經(jīng)由第二腔室150的部分打開(kāi)的位置??梢岳斫?,相應(yīng)的錐形表面156和164產(chǎn)生足夠?qū)挼牧髀罚洳灰装l(fā)生堵塞由砂,污垢等在圖中的位置。如圖3C所示,直流電壓90中示出了一個(gè)完全開(kāi)放的位置,其中,所述板構(gòu)件174被完全縮回,并且基本上沒(méi)有力由彈簧170施加,從而進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)入口134和出口140之間的最大流量。進(jìn)一步注意向圖。 4,其示出了根據(jù)其在原理上與圖中所示的直流電壓90基本相似的標(biāo)號(hào)190在本發(fā)明的一個(gè)實(shí)施例的直流電壓附圖。圖3A-3C中,駐留在入口端口的結(jié)構(gòu)的主要區(qū)別。如見(jiàn)于圖。如圖4所示,殼體194包括一主入口196分割成一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的入口198和一個(gè)靜態(tài)入口200通過(guò)管204組成的殼體194與主入口196連通。其他組件和構(gòu)造的直流電壓190是類(lèi)似于那些在公開(kāi)的與圖中所示的直流電壓90連接。圖3A-3C和后部被定向到的描述參照這些圖。進(jìn)一步注意現(xiàn)在被引導(dǎo)到圖5和6示出了水供給系統(tǒng)根據(jù)本發(fā)明的實(shí)施例。本實(shí)施例不同于圖示,參照?qǐng)D前面的實(shí)施例。 1和2 ,特別是只要涉及的控制系統(tǒng)一般用220 ,因此,在圖3-5的實(shí)施例中的元件。 5和6是與本實(shí)施例的在圖中描繪的類(lèi)似。 1和2中被指定以一個(gè)素相同的附圖標(biāo)記()表示。在本實(shí)施例中水被提供給一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)供水郊區(qū)的多個(gè)房屋225 ,某些工業(yè)設(shè)施227和公共設(shè)施229例如一幢辦公大樓及構(gòu)成所謂的監(jiān)視消費(fèi)者,其中測(cè)量的壓力是最低的摩天大樓230 。不像在圖1的實(shí)施例。 1 ,流量計(jì)240被裝配在從PRV 26延伸的供給線242 ,用于測(cè)量其在本案中是一個(gè)流量信號(hào)FRS其信號(hào),然后傳送到控制器250的流參數(shù),流速信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換在控制器250轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的代表駐留在被監(jiān)視的消費(fèi)者230中的壓力的壓力信號(hào),這是由其中基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)換的流速信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成壓力信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換計(jì)算得到。響應(yīng)于該FRS (和與之對(duì)應(yīng)的壓力信號(hào)PS ) CS是在控制器250的控制信號(hào)CS然后被引導(dǎo)到致動(dòng)器92 ,從而激活DCV 90的致動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)“一DCV 90 所產(chǎn)生的控制信號(hào)作為參考圖前面解釋的。圖3A-3C 。此外,壓力傳感器258被裝配在管路部分94的直流電壓90 和出口52 的PRV 26的一個(gè)出口140之間延伸的“ 。壓力感測(cè)壓力儀表258發(fā)送一個(gè)普通的局部壓力信號(hào)PS ,這是與由流量信號(hào)FRS得到以便關(guān)閉控制回路,從而提供更精確的控制回路經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換的壓力信號(hào)進(jìn)行比較。按照?qǐng)D1的實(shí)施例的結(jié)構(gòu)。圖5是這樣的感測(cè)到由流量計(jì)240的流量增加時(shí),相應(yīng)的流速信號(hào)FRS被發(fā)送,由此相應(yīng)的壓力信號(hào),可以得到,在向其中一個(gè)控制信號(hào)CS是由控制器250產(chǎn)生響應(yīng),從而向控制器250致動(dòng)所述致動(dòng)器92的直流電壓90 ,從而排出PRV 26的壓力室通過(guò)PRV ,從而增大流量并提供增加的需求,例如在高峰時(shí)段如上文所述。然而,當(dāng)流量感測(cè)到在流量計(jì)240減小,相應(yīng)的控制信號(hào)CS是由控制器250傳送到的直流電壓90的致動(dòng)器92上,從而關(guān)閉流路及其由此PRV 26的壓力室是加壓到PRV 26的流路的作用,從而限制。圖1的實(shí)施例。圖6示出,其包括相同的元件在圖1的控制系統(tǒng)30通常指定260的控制系統(tǒng)。 2 ,因此類(lèi)似的元件被標(biāo)以由一個(gè)雙撇號(hào)表示區(qū)分相同的參考號(hào)碼。圖1的控制系統(tǒng)260 。 6包括一個(gè)額外的旁路門(mén)264覆蓋DCV 90 “與電操作的柵極268 ,典型地是通過(guò)控制線270向控制器108連接的線圈” 。該安排是這樣的:當(dāng)系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)有故障的位置,例如斷彈簧的直流電壓或有錯(cuò)誤的控制器108 “ ,電容器274安裝在控制器108 ”的被排出到激活螺線管268 ,從而旁通門(mén)264將打開(kāi),以便覆蓋DCV 90 “ 。在打開(kāi)覆蓋柵極264的直流電壓90 “變?yōu)闊o(wú)效,由此,先導(dǎo)閥86 ”被直接連接到出口96 “ PRV 26 ” 。很明顯,如圖旁通門(mén)264 。 5月6日,以及被應(yīng)用到參考圖中所公開(kāi)的類(lèi)型的控制系統(tǒng)。 5 ,此外,可以理解,而不是由放電電容器274激活螺線管268 ,一個(gè)超馳控制信號(hào)ORCS可以由控制器108 “的某種故障狀態(tài)被檢測(cè)到的每個(gè)時(shí)間產(chǎn)生的。例如,在情況下任何信號(hào)沒(méi)有收到或由控制器,電源故障,關(guān)心DCV (彈簧例如破損) ,軟件問(wèn)題等更使機(jī)械故障傳輸?shù)耐ㄐ艈?wèn)題,而不是一個(gè)螺線管激活的柵極,其它裝置可以被用于在打開(kāi)門(mén),諸如,例如,液壓或氣動(dòng)裝置?,F(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向圖。 7 ,其中示出了控制系統(tǒng)中根據(jù)本發(fā)明的一個(gè)實(shí)施方案中,通常指定為300 ,在圖1的實(shí)施例。 7 ,元件其與圖所指的元素相對(duì)應(yīng)。 2中給出了200移位相同的參考號(hào)碼??刂葡到y(tǒng)300是特別適合處理在本領(lǐng)域中被稱(chēng)為狩獵,其中通過(guò)電源線332的流動(dòng)是顯著低并且其中所述減壓閥326是不能夠提供穩(wěn)定的電源插座的情況下壓力。發(fā)生這種情況時(shí),特別由于PRV 326被設(shè)計(jì)用于處理高流速和其中所述閥構(gòu)件358相對(duì)于閥座62的微不足道的位移,使該裝置不穩(wěn)定。這種情況可通過(guò)提供一個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)300如圖克服。 7包括一種高流動(dòng)控制電路319和一個(gè)低流控制電路321 。高流動(dòng)控制電路319包括一個(gè)高流量壓力調(diào)節(jié)閥HFPRV 326裝有類(lèi)似于結(jié)合圖所公開(kāi)的控制系統(tǒng)。 2 ,即包括一個(gè)過(guò)濾器單元378 ,一個(gè)限流孔380 ,壓力控制線382 ,先導(dǎo)閥386和一個(gè)直流電壓390 ??刂破?08被提供用于管DCV 390的致動(dòng)器392并進(jìn)一步接收的流量信號(hào)FR感測(cè)由流量計(jì)325安裝為通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)測(cè)量的總流量。流量計(jì)325可裝配之前或之后的HFPRV 326 ,但在此之前或分別低流控制電路321 ,對(duì)分支后。低流量壓力控制電路LFPRV指定321實(shí)際上是在管道系統(tǒng)覆蓋大流量的壓力通過(guò)從上游入口管320延伸的管段327和下游連接到主供應(yīng)管線332的出口管段329調(diào)節(jié)閥HFPRV 326 。低流量壓力調(diào)節(jié)閥LFPRV 331嵌合沿著裝有包括類(lèi)似的元件,即一個(gè)過(guò)濾單元333 ,流動(dòng)限制孔335和連接在LFPRV 331的下游處339的先導(dǎo)閥337 ,低壓控制電路321的旁路。節(jié)流孔335和導(dǎo)閥337之間延伸的是連接到所述壓力室中的LFPRV 331 347 ,類(lèi)似于高流量壓力控制電路319的結(jié)構(gòu)和控制系統(tǒng)一般用30的壓力控制線341圖。 2 。按照?qǐng)D1的實(shí)施例的結(jié)構(gòu)。圖7是這樣的流速連續(xù)地通過(guò)流量計(jì)325發(fā)出一個(gè)流量信號(hào)FR到控制器408監(jiān)視。在檢測(cè)到流量下降到低于最小閾值時(shí),控制器408產(chǎn)生一個(gè)控制信號(hào)CS到致動(dòng)器392該直流電壓390 ,從而壓縮從而通過(guò)DCV 390關(guān)閉流量的DCV的螺旋彈簧,其結(jié)果是,水不再通過(guò)導(dǎo)閥386流動(dòng),由此控制腔HFPRV 326的364是高度加壓,從而關(guān)閉流路正如已經(jīng)提到的HFPRV 326由閥構(gòu)件358 ,流量計(jì)335可被定位在適合于通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)測(cè)量的總流量的任何位置。其結(jié)果是,壓力下降時(shí)的LFPRV 331的出口339 ,在該先導(dǎo)閥337 ,從而使流動(dòng)通道穿過(guò)其打開(kāi)通過(guò)旁路在低流率,以促進(jìn)水的流量的設(shè)定壓力以下??刂葡到y(tǒng)300返回到其高流速電路,當(dāng)流量計(jì)325產(chǎn)生對(duì)應(yīng)于具有高流速信號(hào)(規(guī)定的閾值之前)到控制器408從而產(chǎn)生一個(gè)控制信號(hào)到致動(dòng)器392的流量信號(hào)直流電壓390 ,從而打開(kāi)其流道,從而導(dǎo)致開(kāi)HFPRV 326 ,同時(shí)關(guān)閉LFPRV 331 。(12) United States Patent US007201180B2 (10) Patent N0.: US 7,201,180 B2 Ephrat et a1. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 10, 2007 (54) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 4,364,408 A 12/1982 Griswold 4,562,552 A 12/1985 Miyaoka (75) Inventors: Uri Ephrat, Givat Ela (IL); Abraham 5,460,196 A * 10/1995 Yonnet . . 137/12 Gleichman, MaAlot Tarshiha (IL) 5,660,198 A * 8/1997 McClaran . . . . 137/12 6,112,137 A * 8/2000 McCarty et al. . . 700/301 (73) Assignee: Optimus Water Technologies Ltd., MaAlot Tarshiha (IL) ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 355 days. (21) Appl. No.: 10/498,834 (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 19, 2002 (86) PCT No.: PCT/IL02/01023 371 (O0) (2), (4) Date: Jun. 14, 2004 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/057998 PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 17, 2003 (65) Prior Publication Data US 2005/0016593 A1 Jan. 27, 2005 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Jan. 8, 2002 (IL) . . 147506 (51) Int. Cl. G05D 16/20 (2006.01) (52) US. Cl. . . 137/14; 137/487.5; 137/488; 251/29; 251/30.01 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search . . 137/ 14, 137/12, 487.5, 488; 251/29, 30.01 See application ?le for complete search history. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,200,911 A * 4/1980 Matsumoto . . 700/28 24 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP 1 126 089 A2 8/2001 JP 11256624 A * 9/1999 JP 2001280597 A * 10/2001 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Christine Chan, Development of an Intelligent Control System for a Municipal Water Distribution Network, 1999 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. * cited by examiner Primary ExamineriRamesh Krishnamurthy (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irmiThe Nath LaW Group; Jerald L. Meyer; Derek Richmond (57) ABSTRACT A Water supply system comprising a supply line and a network of consumers, one of Which being a monitored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure, a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) associated With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure and a pressure control system comprising a diiferential control valve (DCV). A pickup unit is provided for measuring a How parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to a controller generating in turn a control signal responsive to the pressure signal to activate an actuator of the DCV thereby governing the How rate through the DCV, so as to obtain desired pressure at the monitored consumer, regard less of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. 21 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 1 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 cor _.0_u_ 8 OJ Nml/ AHA 2: n L / / I1 mm mm NM vm $3 $0 Y. 2 “a 8 Fa Ham mama _ , u m a n ” 8 / ., . , _ “ .q t L 1 A8 A3 a U ml _ _ n _ 8 W 5 om U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 2 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 N E g a mm mm S bl AM Goa _l _ a wm 8) w2/ Nm/ om mm mm L8 om CI .MN 2 B 0 00 1. 1 m 7, S U 4 5 1 4 1. U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 3 0f 9 132 164 134 170 FIG. 3A US 7,201,180 B2 /9O 0 154 132 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 4 0f 9 134 164 172 169 170 4 7 4| 178 176 FIG. 3B U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 6 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 200 190 204 196 198 194 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 7 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 FIG. 5 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 8 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 .GE www EN p U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 9 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 386 2. 380 378 337 335 333 341 321 339 FIG. 7 331 374 327 US 7,201,180 B2 1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is generally in the ?eld of Water How and pressure control. More particularly the invention is concerned With a control system for a netWork of Water supply. The invention is also concerned With a device used With the system and With a Water control method. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A Water supply system, eg a municipal Water system, typically comprises a main supply line fed from a source of Water (Water reservoir, Well, lake, etc.) and pumping means for propelling the Water through a netWork of pipes so it can reach various consumers doWnstream. Typically, there are also provided various pressure regu lating and control means along the pipes netWork in order to monitor the Water How and to reduce pressure of Water to such a level that Will, on the one hand, ensure proper functioning of various systems Which are pressure activated, e.g. irrigation systems valving means, etc. and, on the other hand, Will not damage any end equipment of the consumers by excessive pressure, e.g. burst of pipes, damage of solar heaters, and other domestic equipment connected to the Water netWork (dishwashers, Washing machines, etc.). Excessive pressure may also be harmful for industrial facili ties receiving Water from the netWork. Hereinafter in the speci?cation and claims the term “pipe netWor ” refers to the piping and installations extending from the Water source to the consumers. The consumers of a Water supply system may be for example domestic consumers, industrial facilities, public and municipal facilities, agricultural consumers, etc., all of Which being referred to herein in the speci?cation and claims collectively as a “network of consumers”. Among the netWork of consumers there is at least one consumer at a location Where the measured pressure is loWer than the pressure measured at the other consumer sites. Such a consumer may be for example a remote one Whereby pressure loss occurs oWing to How through a long and branching pipeline (friction and head loss), or a consumer at an elevated location (high building or on a mountain) etc. Hereinafter in the speci?cation and claims, the one or more consumer at Which loWest pressure is measured is referred to as a “monitored consumer” (also knoWn as a “critical consumer”). Water consumption in a municipal Water supply system varies throughout the day. Increased consumption is typi cally measured at the morning hours (betWeen about 6 and 9 am.) and again in the evening hours (betWeen about 7 and 9 pm.) HoWever, these peaks are subject to changes, eg at Weekends, upon setting of DST, season changes, major events such as an important sports match, etc. It is the concern of the Water supplying authority, for example a municipality or a Water supplying company, that the monitored consumer receives Water at a minimal pres sure, say for example, about 21/2 atmospheres so as to ensure proper functioning of various pressure activated equipment and to enjoy reasonable pressure at a domestic Water facili ties, e.g. taps, shoWers, etc. Increasing the pressure at the monitored consumer Will necessarily entail a much more signi?cant pressure increase at consumers upstream, even as much as harmful over pressure. For one thing, over pressure demands more poWerful pumping units and is more costly. Second, it requires a pipe 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 netWork that can Withstand such overpressure. Then there is a problem of over pressure Which can cause damage to the consumers as already mentioned above. Even more so, non-signi?cant leaks in the pipe netWork, e.g. minor holes or poor connections of piping elements, become proportionally signi?cant upon pressure increase and may be the reason for some signi?cant loss of fresh Water Which goes astray. Reports shoW that rates of loss of fresh Water by leaks reach as much as about 15 to 40% of a suppliers ?oW delivery. A variety of Water pressure and control systems are knoWn. A basic arrangement comprises a pressure reducing valve (PRV) Which functions to reduce pressure betWeen an inlet and an outlet thereof, regardless of How changes through the device or change of pressure upstream. Several such PRVs are typically ?tted along a pipe netWork, eg at branchings to suburbs, adjacent major consuming facilities, buildings, etc. A typical PRV comprises an inlet port being in How communication With an outlet port via a How passage governed by a pressure control chamber. When the pressure control chamber is pressuriZed, the How passage is restricted to thereby restrict ?oW betWeen the inlet and the outlet port so as to obtain essentially constant outlet pressure. Pressure Within the control chamber is governed by various ?oW control means Which eventually serve for the purpose of controlling the Water ?oW rate through the control chamber. In accordance With one prior art embodiment there is provided a so-called hydraulic valve, Wherein the pressure chamber is charged by a restriction ori?ce having a constant inlet flow rate Ql connected upstream of the PRV and is discharged by a pilot valve having a set nominal outlet ?oW Q2 connected doWnstream of said PRV. When O1 is greater than Q2 the pressure Within the pressurized control chamber increases to thereby restrict (or close) the How passage betWeen the inlet port and the outlet port of the PRV to thereby restrict the outlet ?oW Q01” of the PRV, entailing a corresponding drop in out let pressure Pout of the PRV. In accordance With a different arrangement, rather than the restriction ori?ce and the pilot valve, there are provided solenoids (optionally proportional solenoids) connected to electric controllers, Whereby Water inlet ?oW Q1 and outlet ?oW Q2 are controlled to thereby govern pressure Within the control chamber. In accordance With still a different embodiment a bias chamber is ?tted onto a plunger of the pilot valve for hydraulically activating an internal diaphragm of the pilot valve. Said bias chamber is connected to an upstream Water supply Whereby a plunger of the pilot valve is displaceable to restrict the outlet ?oW Q2 of the pilot valve. Still another control system is concerned With ?tting a bias chamber onto an adjusting member of a pilot valve supply Whereby the adjusting member of the pilot valve is displaceable so as to restrict the outlet ?oW Q2 of the pilot valve. In accordance With an embodiment of the above solution, there is provided a bias chamber integrally ?tted With the pilot valve. Nevertheless, control solenoids are still required for restricting the inlet ?oW Q1 and the outlet ?oW Q2. Each of the above control systems have at least one of several de?ciencies and draWbacks as folloWs: i. Malfunctioning of one or both the solenoids renders the PRV inactive. This may result in one of tWo undesired extreme positions, the ?rst being complete cut-off of the Water supply and the second being providing the consumers With a pressure Which is equal to high US 7,201,180 B2 3 pressure upstream (as the PRV does not ful?l its function) whereby the Water supplier is exposed to malfunctioning liability oWing to damages caused to consumers. ii. Every recognizable pressure or ?oW change entails activation of the solenoids Whereby an associated poWer source is rapidly exhausted; iii. Increased openings/closing of the solenoids and valve components may render the system vulnerable to mal function. iv. Usage of solenoids requires ?ltration of the Water at a high level (typically as much as microns). Thus increased maintenance is expected. v. An important factor is the option to install the control system in retro?t. In most cases individual ?ttings and installations are required Which render the installation not cost effective. vi. At loW ?oW rates the system enters a so called hunting state Where the system is unsuccessful in reaching a steady state. vii. The bias chamber is a sensitive element requiring ?ne adjustments and being susceptible to dirt. viii. The systems does not offer any bypassing arrange ments, Whereby malfunctioning of such a system may result in that the consumer Will receive excessively high pressure, Which may cause damage. It is thus an objection of the present invention to provide a Water supply control system capable of providing essen tially desired pressure at the monitored consumer regardless changes in consumption, i.e. ?oW rate through the system. A Water supply system in accordance With the invention pro vides for essentially constant pressure measured at the monitored consumer regardless of its location and head loss in the piping netWork and also regardless of sudden changes in consumption or periodic such changes. In accordance With another aspect of the present invention there is provided a differential control valve useful in obtaining a constant ?oW rate in spite of pressure changes in the line by eliminating such pressure alterations. Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling pressure at a Water supply system so as to provide desired pressure at a monitored consumer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention calls for a Water supply system comprising a netWork of consumers and a pressure regulat ing system Which in spite of alternating ?oW rate through the system maintains the pressure at the monitored consumer at a desired pressure level. In accordance With one aspect of the invention there is provided a Water supply system comprising a supply line and a netWork of consumers, one of Which being a moni tored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure, a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) associated With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure; and a pressure control system comprising a differential control valve (DCV); a pickup unit for measur ing a ?oW parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to a controller; said controller generating a control signal respon sive to the pressure signal to activate an actuator of the DCV thereby governing the ?oW rate through the DCV, so as to obtain desired pressure at the monitored consumer, regard less of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. In accordance With one embodiment, the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate measured adjacent the PRV and converted into 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 a pressure signal representative of the pressure at the moni tored consumer, based on conversion calculations. And in accordance With another embodiment the ?oW parameter is pressure measured at the monitored consumer. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate, there is typically provided a pressure pickup for reading pressure at an outlet line of the DCV to generate a local pressure signal, Whereby said local pressure signal and the pressure signal are com pared at the controller. In accordance With still another embodiment, the Water supply system further comprises a bypass gate for overriding the DCV in case malfunction of the DCV and/or of the controller is detected (including any control parameters eg softWare problems, control signal errors etc.). In accordance With a different aspect of the present invention, there is provided a differential control valve useful in a pressure control system in accordance With the present invention. The differential control valve comprises: a housing ?tted With a static inlet, a dynamic inlet and a valve outlet; a control chamber sealingly partitioned by a ?exible diaphragm dividing the chamber into an a ?rst chamber communicating With the static inlet, and a second chamber communicating With the valve outlet and With a controlled ?oW passage serving to effect communication betWeen said second chamber and said dynamic inlet; a spring loaded obturating member articulated With the diaphragm and being axially displaceable Within the con trolled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure dis placement of the ?exible diaphragm; and a controlled actuator for axially displacing the obtu rating member thereby to govern ?oW through the controlled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure over the ?exible diaphragm and an opposing force imparted by the actuator and the spring. In accordance With one particular embodiment of the differential control valve the obturating member is a needle type sealing member ?tted for sealing engagement With a corresponding sealing seat of the ?oW passage; said sealing member and sealing seat being essentially equally tapered and Where cross-sectional ?oW area betWeen the sealing seat and the sealing member is proportional With respect to axial displacement of the sealing member. The invention is further concerned With a method for controlling pressure at Water supply system comprising a supply line and a netWork of consumers, one of Which being a monitored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure; a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) ?tted With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure, a pressure control system compris ing a differential control valve (DCV) connected in series to said pilot valve, a ?oW parameter pickup unit and a con troller; the method comprising the folloWing steps: (i) measuring a ?oW parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to the controller; (ii) generating a control signal by the controller, said control signal being responsive to the pressure signal; (iii) activating an actuator of the DCV by the control signal, thereby governing the ?oW rate through the DCV so as to control ?oW rate through the pilot valve and to obtain desired pressure at the monitored con sumer, regardless of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate, the method com prises the additional steps of: US 7,201,180 B2 5 (iv) measuring the ?oW rate adjacent the PRV and trans mitting a ?oW rate signal to the controller; (V) converting the ?oW rate signal into a pressure signal representative of the pressure at the monitored con sumer, based on conversion calculations; (vi) measuring the local pressure at an outlet line of the DCV and generating a corresponding local pressure signal; (vii) comparing the local pressure signal and the pressure signal and generating a corresponding control signal (viii) returning to step (iii). It is advantageous that the Water supply system be ?tted With a bypass gate overriding the DCV such that at the event of malfunction of the system, the bypass opens to thereby provide outlet pressure Pomat an outlet of the PRV corre sponding With the nominal output pressure set at the pilot valve. The invention is also concerned With a Water supply system Which is capable of handling also signi?cantly loW ?oW rates thus avoiding so-called “hunting”, namely a situation at Which a typical Water supply system cannot stabiliZe its pressure parameters at loW ?oW rates. Accordingly, there is provided a Water supply system comprising a line connected to at least one consumer, a pressure regulation system comprising a high ?oW rate path and a parallely installed bypassing loW ?oW rate path; said high ?oW rate path comprising a high ?oW pressure regu lating valve (HFPRV) having a high nominal ?oW output and associated With a pilot valve preset to a ?rst nominal output pressure; and a pressure control system comprising a controller, a differential control valve (DCV), a pickup unit for measuring ?oW rate through the system; said loW ?oW rate path comprising a loW ?oW pressure reducing valve (LFPRV) having a loW ?oW nominal output and associated With a pilot valve preset to a second nominal output pres sure; Wherein said pickup unit emits a ?oW parameter signal to the controller Which generates a responsive control signal to activate an actuator of the DCV to thereby govern the ?oW rate through the DCV; Whereby When the ?oW parameter signal declines beloW a preset value, said DCV closes entailing in closing of the HFPRV and simulations opening of the LFPRV; and When the ?oW parameter exceeds said preset value the LFPRV closes and the HFPRV opens. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate measured before or after the HFPRV, but before or after the branching of the loW ?oW control circuit, respectively, the DCV comprises: a housing ?tted With a static inlet and a dynamic inlet both being in ?oW communication With an outlet of the pilot valve preset to a high
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