縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)及其技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)【含CAD圖紙+文檔】
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附錄ATheverticalBoom-typeRoadheaderdesign1IntroductionMechanicaldesignisintheprocessofproductdesignandanimportantpartofthemainlinks,itisfollowedinprogrammedesignafterthedesignwork.TheverticalBoom-typeroadheader(theroadheader)totheoveralldesignofthemeritsofcompletemachineplayadecisiverole,andthedecisionoftheassembly,thesystem,coordinationbetweenthevariouscomponentsoftheunityandmatch,toobtainthehigh-endperformanceandoverallbettereconomicefficiencytechnology.Roadheaderdesign,includingthefollowing:1)Accordingtodesignprojectdescriptionchoicetypeandvariouscellularconstructionpattern2)Decidesthecompletemachinethemaintechnicalperformanceparameter,Includingsizeparameter,heavyparameter,theparameterofmovementandthetechnicaleconomyreferparameter,3)Accordingtosystemdesignperformancerequirement,definitecompletemachinesystemcompositionandbetweenthemmatchaswellaseachpartmaintechnicalsenateparameter,4)Thenecessarywhole,andthemappingoftransmission,hydraulic,electroniccontrolsystems,andotherplans.2theselectedmodelsandvariouscomponentsandstructuraltype,drive,andtheoveralllayoutofthereasonableIndeterminingthecontent,firsttaskshouldbedesignedtomeetthecontents,especiallytheusersofthemaindemandsoftheinvestigation,thetwosidesexchangedviewsrepeatedly,tosatisfybothusers(orsuperior)conditions,canbettermeettheproductdevelopmentoftheoverallplan.2.1theselectedmodelsAccordingtoroadheaderuse,forthecoalminetunnelboringorusedforothersectorsoftheworks,roadheaderworkingconditionsforcuttingcoalroadwayorsemi-CoalLane,thecompressivestrengthofcoalandrockone-way(orthevalueofplattscoefficientf)andtherockabrasionfactor.AtthesametimethecontrollineshouldbesuperscriptMT1381995cantileveredRoadheadertypesandparameters,accordingtocuttingcoalandrockthebiggestone-waycompressivestrength,thetypeofselectedmodels.2.2thestructureofthevariouscomponents,thewaythedriveridentifiedRoadheaderbycuttinggeneralagencies,shippingagencies,walking,hydraulicsystem,electroniccontrolsystemsandauxiliarydevices(suchasdustremovaldevices,securitydevices,remotemonitoringdevices)andothercomponents.1)Cuttingagencies.CuttingthedrivefromACmotor-driven,inthetransmissionsystemlocatedinthegeneralprofilecouplingwithnomechanicaloverloadprotectiondevice,thetwoplanetsreducerdrivenspindlefrontofthecuttinghead.Somesectionsoftheworkingbodiesboringmachinehascutchain,disc-millingandcutting-suchascantilever.Cantileverduetothecutting-boringmachinebodyflexible,relativelysmall,cancutavarietyofshapesandsectionsoftheroadway,andtoachieveselectivecutting,butcuttinggoodeffect,ahigherrateofboring,sonowusedmainlycantileverCutting-andhasbecomeboringmachineworkingbodyofabasicpattern.Bycuttingheadofthelayout,isdividedintohorizontalandverticalaxisofthetwo.Theline-cuttingheadoftheadvantagesare:Transmissionconvenient,compactandcanbecuttoanyshapeoftheprofile,easyaccesstotheformationofacross-sectionandisconducivetoexpansionintheuseofcantilever,orditchdigging,inWaterloo.Cuttingheadtheshapeofacylindrical,coneandtheconeandcylindrical,asthelattertwocuttingheadtodrilling,andthecuttingsurfacethantheformation,useitmore.Thisistheworkoftheshortcomings:Asthelongitudinalaxisofcuttingheadinthehorizontalswingatthecuttingreactionforceisnotpassedmachinecentres,withcantileveredformoftorquetoboringmachinehaveagreatervibration,stabilityispoor.Therefore,thecoalroadwayexcavation,theneedtoincreasethebodyweightorsupporttheinstallationofauxiliaryequipment.Atpresent,suchaboringmachineinsomesectionsoftheuseofmoreboringmachine.2)Shipmentofbodies.Itgenerallyfromthemiddleloadingandconveyorcomponents.Theyweredrivenorfocusmaybelinked,eitherbyACmotordrive,canalsobeusedhydraulicmotordrive.Trailingclaw-istouseaturnmovestherakeclawstocontinuetorakematerialsandinareprintfromtransportoperatorsThisstructureissimple,reliable,smallformfactor,loadinggoodeffect,theapplicationiswidespread.However,suchinstitutionsloadingwidthrestricted(becauseboringmachinerunningtrackwhenagenciesgenerallydonotarouse).Toexpandtheloadingwidth,willshoveltheentireharrowboard,togetherwiththeclawagenciesinthelevelofswing,ordesigndualrakeclaws,toexpandthescopeofloading.Institutionsthantherake-wheel-clawsimple,highintensity,reliable,butwithlessbulkmaterials.Loadingagencyprogrammeisnotonlytheinstallationoftheclaw-rake-wheelcanalsobeinstalled,thetwocanbeusedinterchangeably.Usually,thechoicerakeclaw-loaded,butconsideringloadingwidthoftheproblem,maychoosetodoublerakeclaws,canalsobedesignedtorakeclaw-roundinterchangeablewiththeloadingmechanism.Somesectionsboringmachineuseofscraperchainconveyoragencies.Transportationagenciesaregenerallyundertakenbythetailtothenosetiltedupwarddirectionofthelayout.Transportationagenciescanbethedriver,isabouttomotororhydraulicmotorandreducerlayoutinthescraperconveyorandaroundthesideofthefuselage,thebodyinthedriverloadingatthesametime,indirectly,totransportbodiestotaketheinitiativetothetailshaftdrivenscraperTransportationagencies.Thisdrivesystemcomponentsinsmall,relativelysimplebodies,butloadingandtransportationagenciesinvolvedinthetwocampaigns,mutualinfluence.Asthelocationlessspacelayoutmoredifficult.Transmissionorganizationstoadoptanindependentdriver,isabouttomotororhydraulicmotorlayoutawayfromthemachineside,drivenbyslowdeliveryagencies.Thismodeoftransmissiondrivelayoutsimple,andfillingthecampaignHubuyingxiang.However,duetotransmissionandmoredynamiccomponents,thepointoffailurehasincreased.Atpresent,thetwotransportationagenciesareused,asappropriate,thedesignshouldbeidentified.Generalloadingandinstitutionsoftenusethesamedrive.Loadingagenciescanusemotor-driven,canalsobeusedhydraulicmotordrive.However,inconsiderationoftheworkingenvironmentandwetwithmud,optionalhydraulicmotordriveforgood.3)Runinstitutions.Walkingagenciestrackedthegeneralpattern,crawler-runinstitutionsapplytothefloor,tostopcarryingmotoroil,onlytorunmotoroilsothattheboringmachinehastwoWalkingspeed.3determinationcompletemachinemaintechnologysenateparameterMechanicalRoadheadercompletemachinemaintechnicalparameterincludingsizesenateparameter(lengthwidthhighly);weightparameter,parameterofmovementanddynamicparameter.3.1sizeparametersCompletemachinelength,widthofthesizedirectlyrelatedtoitsturningradius,Recommendedlight-length7.5m,medium-length8.5m,heavymachinel0m,thecorrespondingwidthwere1.6m,2.5m,3m.Thecompletemachinerelatesitstendency,thestaticstabilityhighlydirectly,theadaptationscopeandpassesquality,thereforelowerbetter.ThecurrentdevelopmenttrendofChineseandforeignmodelsisthedwarfmodels,mediumandheavy-high1.62m,speciallight,lightmachinetheheightof1.41.6m.Roadheadertodigthebiggestsectionofroadway,theminimumheightandwidthshouldbedesignedtomeettherequirementsofthemission.Undercoverdepthof250400mm,groundclearanceC=B/13+84(mm),Bforthetwotrackdistance).Middle-longconveyorentrancetotheexpectedhighdegreeofthebest400mm,lengthoftrackgroundwiththecenterdistanceLBratioforL/B1.6.3.2weightparametersThecompletemachinedeadweightisthemechanicalroadheader-animportantparameter,theengineweighttooislight,theworkstabilitydrops,whenswingingcuttingcanoccurfishtailsthephenomenon,thecuttingefficiencydrops,truncationtoothrateofwearincrease;Heavy-weight,poormobility,flexibilitytodecline.Theself-respectasitmaybew=(t)estimates,intheN-typebodyforcuttingpower,kW;Vforthecuttingheadonaveragecuttingspeed,m/s;canalsobeRoadheaderwithreferencetotheexistinganalogmethodtodetermine,machine-(t)andcuttingpower(kW)ratioof0.25to0.4.Forgeneralcoal,rockbottom,theallowablevalue0.14MPa;muddyforthewatertosoftentheshalebottom,0.05MPa.3.3movementparametersCuttingthemovementparameters:cuttingheadoftheaveragecuttingspeedV:ontheone-waycoalandrockcompressivestrengthofc40MPa,V=33.5m/s;c60MPa,V=22.5m/s,c60MPa.V=l2m/s.Buteventuallycuttingspeedbycuttingtechnologytodetermine.3.4dynamicparametersRoadheader-drivenpowersourcesareusedMotors.Cuttingpowerbodysize.Infactthegeneraluseofanalogy,combinedwithroadheadersomepersonalityandexperiencefactorstodetermine.Roadheaderintheoperatingprocess,theverticalaxisandthehorizontalaxis-oftheneedforadequatecuttingedgeandpushforwardswing(horizontalandvertical)force.AccordingtoRussia(theformerSovietUnion)inthelaboratorytestresultsthatthecuttingofcoalandrockplattshardnessf=46(equivalentto0C=4060MPa),grindingcoefficientF=57mg/mm2.Cuttingtheshakingforce(traction)Pv=(11.34)P,P=M/Rcp,intheP-cuttingheadfortheaveragecuttingedge;Rcpcuttingheadfortheaverageradius;Mforcuttingtheheadoftheratedtorque.Cutthefeedingof(axialthrust)R;(1.82.5)Pv,thisforceshouldbenolargerthanthefloorslipperytrackatthelimitsoftraction.附錄B懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)1概述總體設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過程中的重要內(nèi)容和主要環(huán)節(jié),它是在方案設(shè)計(jì)之后緊接著進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)工作。懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱掘進(jìn)機(jī))的總體設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)整機(jī)性能的優(yōu)劣起著決定性的作用,并決定了各總成、系統(tǒng)、各部件之間的協(xié)調(diào)性,統(tǒng)一性和匹配關(guān)系,從而獲得總體的高端性能和較好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì),主要包括以下內(nèi)容:1)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書選擇機(jī)型及各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式2)定整機(jī)的主要技術(shù)性能參數(shù),包括尺寸參數(shù)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)3)按照總體設(shè)計(jì)的性能要求,確定整機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組成及它們之間的匹配性以及各個(gè)部件的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)4)進(jìn)行必要的總體計(jì)算,并繪制傳動(dòng)、液壓、電控系統(tǒng)圖等。2選定該機(jī)型和各個(gè)部件及其結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式、并進(jìn)行總體的合理布置該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在確定前,首先應(yīng)滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的內(nèi)容,特別是用戶提出的主要要求經(jīng)過調(diào)研,雙方反復(fù)交換意見,達(dá)到既能滿足用戶(或上級(jí))條件,又能較好的符合本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的總體規(guī)劃。2.1機(jī)型的選定根據(jù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)的用途,是用于煤礦井下巷道的掘進(jìn)還是用于其他行業(yè)的工程作業(yè),掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作條件是用于截割煤巷還是半煤巖巷,煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度(或普氏系數(shù)f值)及巖石的磨蝕系數(shù)。同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)照行標(biāo)MT1381995懸臂式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的型式與參數(shù),按其截割煤巖的最大單向抗壓強(qiáng)度,選定機(jī)型的類別。2.2各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的確定掘進(jìn)機(jī)一般由截割機(jī)構(gòu)、裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)、電控系統(tǒng)及輔助裝置(如除塵裝置、安全裝置、遙控監(jiān)測(cè)裝置)等組成。a截割機(jī)構(gòu)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式由交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中一般設(shè)齒形聯(lián)軸節(jié),不設(shè)機(jī)械式過載保護(hù)裝置,經(jīng)兩級(jí)行星減速器帶動(dòng)主軸前端的截割頭。部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)有截鏈?zhǔn)?、圓盤銑削式和懸臂截割式等。因懸臂截割式掘進(jìn)機(jī)機(jī)體靈活、體積較小,可截出各種形狀和斷面的巷道,并能實(shí)現(xiàn)選擇性截割,而且截割效果好,掘進(jìn)速度較高;所以,現(xiàn)在主要采用懸臂截割式,并已成為當(dāng)前掘進(jìn)機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的一種基本型式。按截割頭的布置方式,分為縱軸和橫軸式兩種??v軸式截割頭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:傳動(dòng)方便、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,能截出任意形狀的斷面,易于獲得較為平整的斷面,有利于采用內(nèi)伸縮懸臂,可挖柱窩或水溝。截割頭的形狀有圓柱形、圓錐形和圓錐加圓柱形,由于后兩種截割頭利于鉆進(jìn),并使截割表面較平整,故使用較多。這種工作機(jī)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn)是:由于縱軸式截割頭在橫向擺動(dòng)截割時(shí)的反作用力不通過機(jī)器中心,與懸臂形成的力矩使掘進(jìn)機(jī)產(chǎn)生較大的振動(dòng),故穩(wěn)定性較差。因此,在煤巷掘進(jìn)時(shí),需加大機(jī)身重量或裝設(shè)輔助支撐裝置。目前,這種掘進(jìn)機(jī)在部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)中使用較多。b裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)。它一般由裝載機(jī)構(gòu)和中間輸送機(jī)組成。它們可采用分別驅(qū)動(dòng)或集中聯(lián)動(dòng)方式,既可用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。耙爪式是利用一對(duì)交替動(dòng)作的耙爪來(lái)不斷地耙取物料并裝入轉(zhuǎn)載運(yùn)輸機(jī)構(gòu)。這種方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、外形尺寸小、裝載效果好,目前應(yīng)用很普遍。但這種裝載機(jī)構(gòu)寬度受限制(因?yàn)榫蜻M(jìn)機(jī)工作時(shí)履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般不調(diào)動(dòng))。為擴(kuò)大裝載寬度,可使鏟板連同整個(gè)耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)一起水平擺動(dòng),或設(shè)計(jì)成雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu),以擴(kuò)大裝載范圍。星輪式機(jī)構(gòu)比耙爪式簡(jiǎn)單、強(qiáng)度高、工作可靠,但裝大塊物料的能力較差。裝載機(jī)構(gòu)方案是既能裝設(shè)耙爪式也可裝設(shè)星輪式,兩者可以互換使用。通常,應(yīng)選擇耙爪式裝載機(jī)構(gòu),但考慮裝載寬度問題,可選擇雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu),也可設(shè)計(jì)成耙爪與星輪可互換的裝載機(jī)構(gòu)。部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)多采用刮板鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī)構(gòu)。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)一般是由機(jī)尾向機(jī)頭方向傾斜向上布置的。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)可采用聯(lián)合驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)和減速器布置在刮板輸送機(jī)靠近機(jī)身一側(cè),在驅(qū)動(dòng)裝載機(jī)構(gòu)同時(shí),間接地以輸送機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)尾為主動(dòng)軸帶動(dòng)刮板輸送機(jī)構(gòu)工作。這樣傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中元件少、機(jī)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單,但裝載與輸送機(jī)構(gòu)二者運(yùn)動(dòng)相牽連,相互影響大。由于該位置空間較小布置較困難。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)采用獨(dú)立的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)布置在遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)器的一端,通過減速裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)輸送機(jī)構(gòu)。這種驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)布置簡(jiǎn)單,和裝載機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)互不影響。但由于傳動(dòng)裝置和動(dòng)力元件較多,故障點(diǎn)有所增加。目前,這兩種輸送機(jī)構(gòu)均有采用,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)酌情確定。一般常采用與裝載機(jī)構(gòu)相同的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式。裝載機(jī)構(gòu)可以采用電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。但考慮工作環(huán)境潮濕、有泥水,選用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)為好。c行走機(jī)構(gòu)。行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般采用履帶型式,履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)適用于底板不平或松軟的條件,不需修路鋪軌。具有牽引能力大,機(jī)動(dòng)性能好、工作可靠、調(diào)動(dòng)靈活和對(duì)底板適應(yīng)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、零部件磨損較嚴(yán)重。目前部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)通常采用履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)。兩條履帶分別由各自的動(dòng)力來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)原地轉(zhuǎn)向。履帶的驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力有電動(dòng)機(jī)和液壓馬達(dá)兩種,電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一般只設(shè)置一種行走速度,液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)可采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)直接帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪,或采用中速液壓馬達(dá)減速器帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪的傳動(dòng)方式,它可實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)極調(diào)速。履帶結(jié)構(gòu)型式有滑動(dòng)和滾動(dòng)兩種,當(dāng)機(jī)器調(diào)動(dòng)速度10m/min的中、輕型掘進(jìn)機(jī),宜采用滑動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式;當(dāng)機(jī)器的調(diào)動(dòng)速度10m/min的重型、特重型掘進(jìn)機(jī),應(yīng)采用滾動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式。d液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓系統(tǒng)多采用開式系統(tǒng)多路閥集中控制(直接操縱或遙控操縱)方式。以往國(guó)內(nèi)外多采用齒輪泵,近年來(lái)掘進(jìn)機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)采用柱塞泵有增多的趨勢(shì)。e電控系統(tǒng)。電控系統(tǒng)包括動(dòng)力部分、控制部分和檢測(cè)部分。電控系統(tǒng)必須按照煤礦井下防爆要求設(shè)計(jì)、制造、檢驗(yàn),必須符合GB3836-2000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的有關(guān)規(guī)定和要求。為了提高掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)時(shí)的安全性,操作的靈活性以及機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部分的故障診斷及監(jiān)控功能,從實(shí)用角度考慮,裝設(shè)必要的離機(jī)遙控裝置、測(cè)控壓力、溫度、液位及關(guān)鍵部位的故障診斷裝置。3總體布置總體布置的內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面:1)確定各部件在整機(jī)說(shuō)的位置,并對(duì)外形尺寸提出要求;2)確定各部件、部件與整機(jī)之間的連接方式;3)估算整機(jī)重量,并對(duì)各部件的重量提出要求;4)布置各操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、司機(jī)座位等;5)審核個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)空間,排除可能發(fā)生的運(yùn)動(dòng)干涉。在掘進(jìn)機(jī)總體布置時(shí),需注意以下問題:(1)工作機(jī)構(gòu)減速器減速器的進(jìn)、出軸盡量同軸線;(2)懸臂和鏟板的尺寸關(guān)系相適應(yīng),既有利于裝載,又要避免截割頭截割鏟板;(3)懸臂的水平和垂直擺動(dòng)中心的位置可以重合,也可以不重合。從增加機(jī)器的穩(wěn)定性看,擺動(dòng)這些都高度應(yīng)盡量降低。在保證懸臂不與其他機(jī)構(gòu)干涉的條件下,擺動(dòng)中心的位置應(yīng)盡量靠后,但必須保證中心在機(jī)器的縱向?qū)ΨQ平面內(nèi);(4)當(dāng)各主要部件設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)之后。應(yīng)進(jìn)行校核,不滿足需求時(shí)需僅需調(diào)整,使重心位于履帶中心稍偏前且小于L/6(L為履帶接地長(zhǎng)度)。此外,還需求重心位置在截割機(jī)構(gòu)回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)中心線之后,而且重心高度越低越好,以提高機(jī)器作業(yè)時(shí)的穩(wěn)定性。(5)總體布置應(yīng)考慮左右兩側(cè)重量對(duì)稱并照顧工作習(xí)慣及方便操作。司機(jī)座一般設(shè)在機(jī)身左側(cè)、且位于機(jī)身后部,座椅高度應(yīng)保證司機(jī)的視線,使其哪個(gè)很好地操縱機(jī)器,截割出規(guī)則的巷道;(6)操縱臺(tái)位置要適當(dāng),應(yīng)保證司機(jī)操縱方便、省力。儀表顯示裝置的位置要便于司機(jī)觀察,又不分散司機(jī)正常操作的注意力。3.1傳動(dòng)型式及動(dòng)力元件的選擇a傳動(dòng)型式及元件選擇應(yīng)遵循的原則(1)技術(shù)先進(jìn)性:能夠改善機(jī)器性能,提高生產(chǎn)率;(2)經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性:傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)盡量簡(jiǎn)單、元件少,易加工,價(jià)格低,維修容易,使用壽命長(zhǎng);(3)工作可靠性:傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性表現(xiàn)為元件使用壽命,因此也是對(duì)元件質(zhì)量的要求;(4)適應(yīng)性:元件應(yīng)適應(yīng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的載荷、工況及環(huán)境等條件的要求。b各機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求及傳動(dòng)型式的選擇掘進(jìn)機(jī)的截割、裝載、運(yùn)輸、行走等機(jī)構(gòu)一般均為分別傳動(dòng),各部件受力狀態(tài)及工作條件不同,因而傳動(dòng)型式有不同的要求。(1)工作機(jī)構(gòu)要求有較大的短時(shí)過載能力,而油馬達(dá)對(duì)沖擊負(fù)荷很敏感,過載負(fù)荷能力低,影響截割頭正常連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。所以,掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)宜采用電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)型式。應(yīng)利用體積小、功率大、過負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)的專用電動(dòng)機(jī),并配備可靠的電氣保護(hù)裝置。根據(jù)工作機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的特點(diǎn),通常工作機(jī)構(gòu)的減速器設(shè)在懸臂內(nèi),成為懸臂的組成部分。截割頭調(diào)速方式一般采用配換掛輪的方法,變速機(jī)構(gòu)力求簡(jiǎn)單。(2)耙裝機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)裝置的特點(diǎn)是:減速器需裝在尺寸有限的鏟板下部,因而設(shè)計(jì)空間較小,工作條件惡劣。減速器經(jīng)常浸泡在煤巖泥水中,卡料時(shí)易過載。耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用機(jī)械傳動(dòng),用于電動(dòng)機(jī)尺寸較大,不便在輸送機(jī)尾安裝,一般是在鏟板上部?jī)蓚?cè)安裝兩臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī),作為耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的共同動(dòng)力,這樣勢(shì)必使減速箱的尺寸增大,在鏟板下布置較緊張。此外,考慮耙爪及鏈板卡鏈過載情況,為保護(hù)電動(dòng)機(jī)不至燒毀,一般需要在減速器內(nèi)設(shè)安全摩擦片離合器。耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用齒輪油馬達(dá)傳動(dòng),由于尺寸小、重量輕,可使二者分別傳動(dòng),從而簡(jiǎn)化傳動(dòng)裝置,便于在鏟板下布置,便于設(shè)計(jì)密封效果好的機(jī)械密封或?qū)p速器與鏟板分離,同時(shí)可實(shí)現(xiàn)過載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。(3)履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式有電動(dòng)機(jī)和油馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)兩種方式。分別通過機(jī)械減速裝置或直接由油馬達(dá)帶動(dòng)履帶的主動(dòng)鏈輪運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu),一般是將電動(dòng)機(jī)裝于兩條履帶減速器后部,制動(dòng)方式采用機(jī)械液壓制動(dòng)方式。這種傳動(dòng)方式傳動(dòng)可靠性高,電動(dòng)機(jī)價(jià)格低,維修容易,但不能調(diào)速,減速箱體積較大,巷道淋水大時(shí),電動(dòng)機(jī)易受潮而燒毀。履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)采用液壓傳動(dòng)型式,系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、性能較好、技術(shù)先進(jìn)。液壓傳動(dòng)的行走機(jī)構(gòu)中,在液壓馬達(dá)型式選擇及調(diào)速方式設(shè)計(jì)方面,有不同的方案。采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng),其特點(diǎn)是系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單,尺寸小、重量輕,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速及過載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。但液壓馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)復(fù)雜、制造費(fèi)用高,維護(hù)較難。采用齒輪油馬達(dá),容積效率高,耐沖擊性能好,維修容易,造價(jià)較低,一臺(tái)10KW左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的價(jià)格只有同功率徑向柱塞馬達(dá)的1/10;尺寸小、重量輕。一臺(tái)10KW左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的重量,僅為同功率低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的1/18,為電動(dòng)機(jī)重量的1/13。采用齒輪油馬達(dá)后,減速器尺寸雖然較低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的大,但較電動(dòng)式的小(MRH-S50-13型機(jī)的減速器傳動(dòng)比i=328)。因此可方便地將馬達(dá)、減速器、液壓制動(dòng)閥、緊鏈裝置等安裝于履帶架中間。這種方式在技術(shù)性能上優(yōu)于機(jī)械傳動(dòng),在經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)上優(yōu)于低速大扭矩馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)。因此具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。行走機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)速方式有兩種,一種是采用變量泵。另一種是采用分流或并流的調(diào)速方案,如MRH-S50-13型機(jī),即在機(jī)器快速調(diào)動(dòng)時(shí),停止向裝載馬達(dá)供油,僅向行走馬達(dá)供油,使掘進(jìn)機(jī)有兩種行走速度。3.2確定整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)包括尺寸參數(shù)(長(zhǎng)寬高)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)。1)尺寸參數(shù)整機(jī)長(zhǎng)度、寬度的大小直接與其轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑有關(guān),推薦輕型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度75m,中型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度85m,重型機(jī)l0m,對(duì)應(yīng)的寬度分別為1.6m,2.5m,3m。整機(jī)的高度直接關(guān)系到它的動(dòng)、靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性,適應(yīng)范圍和通過性的好壞,因此越低越好。當(dāng)今中外機(jī)型發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是矮機(jī)型,中、重型機(jī)高度1.62m,特輕型、輕型機(jī)的高度1.41.6m。掘進(jìn)機(jī)可掘巷道斷面的最大、最小高度和寬度應(yīng)滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求。臥底深度250400mm,離地間隙C=B/13+84(mm),B為兩履帶中心距)。中間輸送機(jī)龍門口過料高度最好為400mm,履帶接地長(zhǎng)度L與其中心距B之比應(yīng)為L(zhǎng)/B1.6。2)重量參數(shù)整機(jī)自重是掘進(jìn)機(jī)的個(gè)重要參數(shù),機(jī)重太輕,工作穩(wěn)定性下降,擺動(dòng)截割時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生擺尾現(xiàn)象、截割效率下降,截齒磨耗率增加;機(jī)重太重時(shí),機(jī)動(dòng)性差,轉(zhuǎn)向靈活性下降。般它的自重可按w=(t)估算,式中N為截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率,kW;V為截割頭平均截割速度,m/s;也可參照現(xiàn)有掘進(jìn)機(jī)用類比法來(lái)確定,機(jī)重(t)與截割功率(kW)之比為0250對(duì)于一般煤、4。巖底板,許用值0.14MPa;對(duì)于水軟化的泥質(zhì)頁(yè)巖底板,005MPa。3)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)截割機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù):截割頭的平均截割速度V:對(duì)煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度c40MPaV=33.5m/s;c60MPaV=225m/s,c60MPaV=l2m/s。但最終切割速度由切割技術(shù)來(lái)確定。4)動(dòng)力參數(shù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力源都采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率大小。實(shí)際上一般采用類比法,再結(jié)合掘進(jìn)機(jī)一些個(gè)性因素及經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)確定。掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)過程中,縱軸式和橫軸式部需要足夠的掏槽推進(jìn)力和擺動(dòng)(水平方向和垂直方向)力。根據(jù)俄羅斯(原蘇聯(lián))在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果得知,截割煤巖的普氏硬度f(wàn)=46(相當(dāng)于0C=4060MPa),研磨系數(shù)F=57mgmm2。截割時(shí)的擺動(dòng)力(牽引力)Pv=(1134)P,P=MRcp,式中P為截割頭上的平均截割力;Rcp為截割頭平均半徑;為截割頭上的額定扭矩。M掏槽時(shí)的進(jìn)給力(軸向推力)R;(1.82.5)Pv,此力不得大于履帶對(duì)底板打滑時(shí)的極限牽引力。- 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