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?附錄A
The?vertical?Boom-type?Roadheader?design
????1?Introduction?
????Mechanical?design?is?in?the?process?of?product?design?and?an?important?part?of?the?main?links,?it?is?followed?in?programme?design?after?the?design?work.?The?vertical?Boom-type?roadheader?(the?roadheader)?to?the?overall?design?of?the?merits?of?complete?machine?play?a?decisive?role,?and?the?decision?of?the?assembly,?the?system,?coordination?between?the?various?components?of?the?unity?and?match,?to?obtain?the?high-end?performance?and?overall?better?economic?efficiency?technology.?Roadheader?design,?including?the?following:?1)According?to?design?project?description?choice?type?and?various?cellular?construction?pattern?2)?Decides?the?complete?machine?the?main?technical?performance?parameter,?Including?size?parameter,?heavy?parameter,?the?parameter?of?movement?and?the?technical?economy?refer?parameter,?3)?According?to?system?design?performance?requirement,?definite?complete?machine?system?composition?and?between?them?match?as?well?as?each?part?main?technical?senate?parameter,?4)?The?necessary?whole,?and?the?mapping?of?transmission,?hydraulic,?electronic?control?systems,?and?other?plans.?
?2?the?selected?models?and?various?components?and?structural?type,?drive,?and?the?overall?layout?of?the?reasonable?
????In?determining?the?content,?first?task?should?be?designed?to?meet?the?contents,?especially?the?users?of?the?main?demands?of?the?investigation,?the?two?sides?exchanged?views?repeatedly,?to?satisfy?both?users?(or?superior)?conditions,?can?better?meet?the?product?development?of?the?overall?plan.
2.1?the?selected?models?
????According?to?roadheader?use,?for?the?coal?mine?tunnel?boring?or?used?for?other?sectors?of?the?works,?roadheader?working?conditions?for?cutting?coal?roadway?or?semi-Coal?Lane,?the?compressive?strength?of?coal?and?rock?one-way?(or?the?value?of?platts?coefficient?f)?and?the?rock?abrasion?factor.?At?the?same?time?the?control?line?should?be?superscript?MT138?~?1995?"cantilevered?Roadheader?types?and?parameters",?
????according?to?cutting?coal?and?rock?the?biggest?one-way?compressive?strength,?the?type?of?selected?models.?
????2.2?the?structure?of?the?various?components,?the?way?the?driver?identified?
????Roadheader?by?cutting?general?agencies,?shipping?agencies,?walking,?hydraulic?system,?electronic?control?systems?and?auxiliary?devices?(such?as?dust?removal?devices,?security?devices,?remote?monitoring?devices)?and?other?components.?1)?Cutting?agencies.?Cutting?the?drive?from?AC?motor-driven,?in?the?transmission?system?located?in?the?general?profile?coupling?with?no?mechanical?overload?protection?device,?the?two?planets?reducer?driven?spindle?front?of?the?cutting?head.?Some?sections?of?the?working?bodies?boring?machine?has?cut?chain,?disc-milling?and?cutting-such?as?cantilever.?Cantilever?due?to?the?cutting-boring?machine?body?flexible,?relatively?small,?can?cut?a?variety?of?shapes?and?sections?of?the?roadway,?and?to?achieve?selective?cutting,?but?cutting?good?effect,?a?higher?rate?of?boring,?so?now?used?mainly?cantilever?Cutting-and?has?become?boring?machine?working?body?of?a?basic?pattern.?By?cutting?head?of?the?layout,?is?divided?into?horizontal?and?vertical?axis?of?the?two.?The?line-cutting?head?of?the?advantages?are:?Transmission?convenient,?compact?and?can?be?cut?to?any?shape?of?the?profile,?easy?access?to?the?formation?of?a?cross-section?and?is?conducive?to?expansion?in?the?use?of?cantilever,?or?ditch?digging,?in?Waterloo.?Cutting?head?the?shape?of?a?cylindrical,?cone?and?the?cone?and?cylindrical,?as?the?latter?two?cutting?head?to?drilling,?and?the?cutting?surface?than?the?formation,?use?it?more.?This?is?the?work?of?the?shortcomings:?As?the?longitudinal?axis?of?cutting?head?in?the?horizontal?swing?at?the?cutting?reaction?force?is?not?passed?machine?centres,?with?cantilevered?form?of?torque?to?boring?machine?have?a?greater?vibration,?stability?is?poor.?Therefore,?the?coal?roadway?excavation,?the?need?to?increase?the?body?weight?or?support?the?installation?of?auxiliary?equipment.?At?present,?such?a?boring?machine?in?some?sections?of?the?use?of?more?boring?machine.?2)?Shipment?of?bodies.?It?generally?from?the?middle?loading?and?conveyor?components.?They?were?driven?or?focus?may?be?linked,?either?by?AC?motor?drive,?can?also?be?used?hydraulic?motor?drive.?Trailing?claw-is?to?use?a?turn?moves?the?rake?claws?to?continue?to?rake?materials?and?in?a?reprint?from?transport?operators?
?This?structure?is?simple,?reliable,?small?form??factor,?loading?good?effect,?the?application?is?widespread.?However,?such?institutions?loading?width?restricted?(because?boring?machine?running?track?when?agencies?generally?do?not?arouse).?To?expand?the?loading?width,?will?shovel?the?entire?harrow?board,?together?with?the?claw?agencies?in?the?level?of?swing,?or?design?dual?rake?claws,?to?expand?the?scope?of?loading.?Institutions?than?the?rake-wheel-claw?simple,?high?intensity,?reliable,?but?with?less?bulk?materials.?Loading?agency?programme?is?not?only?the?installation?of?the?claw-rake-wheel?can?also?be?installed,?the?two?can?be?used?interchangeably.?Usually,?the?choice?rake?claw-loaded,?but?considering?loading?width?of?the?problem,?may?choose?to?double?rake?claws,?can?also?be?designed?to?rake?claw-round?interchangeable?with?the?loading?mechanism.?Some?sections?boring?machine?use?of?scraper?chain?conveyor?agencies.?Transportation?agencies?are?generally?undertaken?by?the?tail?to?the?nose?tilted?upward?direction?of?the?layout.?Transportation?agencies?can?be?the?driver,?is?about?to?motor?or?hydraulic?motor?and?reducer?layout?in?the?scraper?conveyor?and?around?the?side?of?the?fuselage,?the?body?in?the?driver?loading?at?the?same?time,?indirectly,?to?transport?bodies?to?take?the?initiative?to?the?tail?shaft?driven?scraper?Transportation?agencies.?This?drive?system?components?in?small,?relatively?simple?bodies,?but?loading?and?transportation?agencies?involved?in?the?two?campaigns,?mutual?influence.?As?the?location?less?space?layout?more?difficult.?Transmission?organizations?to?adopt?an?independent?driver,?is?about?to?motor?or?hydraulic?motor?layout?away?from?the?machine?side,?driven?by?slow?delivery?agencies.?This?mode?of?transmission?drive?layout?simple,?and?filling?the?campaign?Hubuyingxiang.?However,?due?to?transmission?and?more?dynamic?components,?the?point?of?failure?has?increased.?At?present,?the?two?transportation?agencies?are?used,?as?appropriate,?the?design?should?be?identified.?General?loading?and?institutions?often?use?the?same?drive.?Loading?agencies?can?use?motor-driven,?can?also?be?used?hydraulic?motor?drive.?However,?in?consideration?of?the?working?environment?and?wet?with?mud,?optional?hydraulic?motor?drive?for?good.?3)?Run?institutions.?Walking?agencies?tracked?the?general?pattern,?crawler-run?institutions?apply?to?the?floor,to?stop?carrying?motor?oil,?only?to?run?motor?oil?so?that?the?boring?machine?has?two?Walking?speed.?
????3?determination?complete?machine?main?technology?senate?parameter?????Mechanical?Roadheader?complete?machine?main?technical?parameter?including?size?senate?parameter?(length?×width?×highly);?weight?parameter,?parameter?of?movement?and?dynamic?parameter.???
??3.1?size?parameters?
????Complete?machine?length,?width?of?the?size?directly?related?to?its?turning?radius,?Recommended?light-length?≤?7.5?m,?medium-length?≤?8.5?m,?heavy?machine?≤?l0m,?the?corresponding?width?were?≤?1.6?m,?≤?2.5?m,?≤?3?m.?The?complete?machine?relates?its?tendency,?the?static?stability?highly?directly,?the?adaptation?scope?and?passes?quality,?therefore?lower?better.?The?current?development?trend?of?Chinese?and?foreign?models?is?the?dwarf?models,?medium?and?heavy-high?1.6?~?2?m,?special?light,?light?machine?the?height?of?1.4?~?1.6?m.?Roadheader?to?dig?the?biggest?section?of?roadway,?the?minimum?height?and?width?should?be?designed?to?meet?the?requirements?of?the?mission.?Undercover?depth?of?250?~?400?mm,?ground?clearance?C?=?B/13?+84?(mm),?B?for?the?two?track?distance).?Middle-long?conveyor?entrance?to?the?expected?high?degree?of?the?best?400?mm,?length?of?track?ground?with?the?center?distance?L?B?ratio?for?L?/?B?≤?1.6.????
?3.2?weight?parameters?
????The?complete?machine?dead?weight?is?the?mechanical?roadheader?-?an?important?parameter,?the?engine?weight?too?is?light,?the?work?stability?drops,?when?swinging?cutting?can?occur?fishtails?the?phenomenon,?the?cutting?efficiency?drops,?truncation?tooth?rate?of?wear?increase;?Heavy-weight,?poor?mobility,?flexibility?to?decline.?The?self-respect?as?it?may?be?w?=?(t)?estimates,?in?the?N-type?body?for?cutting?power,?kW;?V?for?the?cutting?head?on?average?cutting?speed,?m?/?s;?can?also?be?Roadheader?with?reference?to?the?existing?analog?method?to?determine?,?machine-(t)?and?cutting?power?(kW)?ratio?of?0.25?to?0.4.?For?general?coal,?rock?bottom,?the?allowable?value??
????≤?0.14?MPa;?muddy?for?the?water?to?soften?the?shale?bottom,??????≤?0.05?MPa.?
????3.3?movement?parameters?
??Cutting?the?movement?parameters:?cutting?head?of?the?average?cutting?speed?V:?on?the?one-way?coal?and?rock?compressive?strength?of?σ?c?≤?40?MPa,?V?=?3?~?3.5m?/?s;?
????σ?c?≤?60MPa,?V?=?2?~?2.5m?/?s,?σ?c?>?60MPa.?V?=?l?~?2m?/?s.?But?eventually?cutting?
????speed?by?cutting?technology?to?determine.????
?3.4?dynamic?parameters?
????Roadheader-driven?power?sources?are?used?Motors.?Cutting?power?body?size.?In?fact?the?general?use?of?analogy,?combined?with?roadheader?some?personality?and?
????experience?factors?to?determine.?Roadheader?in?the?operating?process,?the?vertical?axis?and?the?horizontal?axis-of?the?need?for?adequate?cutting?edge?and?push?forward?swing?(horizontal?and?vertical)?force.?According?to?Russia?(the?former?Soviet?Union)?in?the?laboratory?test?results?that?the?cutting?of?coal?and?rock?platts?hardness?f?=?4?~?6?(equivalent?to?0?C?=?40?~?60MPa),?grinding?coefficient?F?=?5?~?7mg/mm2.?Cutting?the?shaking?force?(traction)?Pv?=?(1?~?1.34)?P,?P?=?M?/?Rcp,?in?the?P-cutting?head?for?the?average?cutting?edge;?Rcp?cutting?head?for?the?average?radius;?M?for?cutting?the?head?of?the?rated?torque.?Cut?the?feeding?of?(axial?thrust)?R;?(1.8?~?2.5)?Pv,?this?force?should?be?no?larger?than?the?floor?slippery?track?at?the?limits?of?traction.?
附錄B
懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)
1概述??
總體設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的重要內(nèi)容和主要環(huán)節(jié),它是在方案設(shè)計(jì)之?后緊接著進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)工作。懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)掘進(jìn)機(jī))的總體設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)整機(jī)性能的優(yōu)劣起著決定性的作用，并決定了各總成、系統(tǒng)、各部件之間的協(xié)調(diào)性，統(tǒng)一性和匹配關(guān)系，從而獲得總體的高端?性能和較好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括以下內(nèi)容：1）據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)選擇機(jī)型及各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式2）定整機(jī)的主要技術(shù)性能參數(shù)，包括尺寸參數(shù)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)3）按照總體設(shè)計(jì)的性能要求，確定整機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組成?及它們之間的匹配性以及各個(gè)部件的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)4）進(jìn)行必要的總體計(jì)算，并繪制傳動(dòng)、液壓、電控系統(tǒng)圖等。?
2選定該機(jī)型和各個(gè)部件及其結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式、并進(jìn)行總體的合理布置?
????該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在確定前，首先應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的內(nèi)容，特別是用戶(hù)提出的主要?要求經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)研，雙方反復(fù)交換意見(jiàn)，達(dá)到既能滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)(或上級(jí))條件，又能較好?的符合本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的總體規(guī)劃。????
?2.1機(jī)型的選定?
????根據(jù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)的用途，?是用于煤礦井下巷道的掘進(jìn)還是用于其他行業(yè)的工程作?業(yè)，掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作條件是用于截割煤巷還是半煤巖巷，煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度(或?普氏系數(shù)?f?值)及巖石的磨蝕系數(shù)。同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)照行標(biāo)?MT138~1995《懸臂式掘進(jìn)機(jī)?的型式與參數(shù)》?，按其截割煤巖的最大單向抗壓強(qiáng)度，選定機(jī)型的類(lèi)別。???
?2.?2各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的確定?
????掘進(jìn)機(jī)一般由截割機(jī)構(gòu)、裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)、電控系統(tǒng)及輔助?裝置(如除塵裝置、安全裝置、遙控?監(jiān)測(cè)裝置)等組成。
?a．截割機(jī)構(gòu)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式由交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中一般?設(shè)齒形聯(lián)軸節(jié)，不設(shè)機(jī)械式過(guò)載保護(hù)裝置，經(jīng)兩級(jí)行星減速器帶動(dòng)主軸前端的截?割頭。?部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)有截鏈?zhǔn)?、圓盤(pán)銑削式和懸臂截割式等。因懸臂?截割式掘進(jìn)機(jī)機(jī)體靈活、體積較小，可截出各種形狀和斷面的巷道，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)選?擇性截割，而且截割效果好，掘進(jìn)速度較高；所以，現(xiàn)在主要采用懸臂截割式，?并已成為當(dāng)前掘進(jìn)機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的一種基本型式。?
????按截割頭的布置方式，分為縱軸和橫軸式兩種。?縱軸式截割頭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：傳動(dòng)方便、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，能截出任意形狀的斷面，易?于獲得較為平整的斷面，有利于采用內(nèi)伸縮懸臂，可挖柱窩或水溝。截割頭的形?狀有圓柱形、圓錐形和圓錐加圓柱形，由于后兩種截割頭利于鉆進(jìn)，并使截割表?面較平整，故使用較多。這種工作機(jī)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn)是：由于縱軸式截割頭在橫向擺動(dòng)?截割時(shí)的反作用力不通過(guò)機(jī)器中心，與懸臂形成的力矩使掘進(jìn)機(jī)產(chǎn)生較大的振?動(dòng)，?故穩(wěn)定性較差。?因此，?在煤巷掘進(jìn)時(shí)，?需加大機(jī)身重量或裝設(shè)輔助支撐裝置。?目前，這種掘進(jìn)機(jī)在部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)中使用較多。
?b．裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)。它一般由裝載機(jī)構(gòu)和中間輸送機(jī)組成。它們可采用分別驅(qū)動(dòng)?或集中聯(lián)動(dòng)方式，既可用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。?耙爪式是利用一對(duì)交替動(dòng)作的耙爪來(lái)不斷地耙取物料并裝入轉(zhuǎn)載運(yùn)輸機(jī)構(gòu)。?這種方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、外形尺寸小、裝載效果好，目前應(yīng)用很普遍。但?這種裝載機(jī)構(gòu)寬度受限制（因?yàn)榫蜻M(jìn)機(jī)工作時(shí)履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般不調(diào)動(dòng)）?。為擴(kuò)?大裝載寬度，可使鏟板連同整個(gè)耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)一起水平擺動(dòng)，或設(shè)計(jì)成雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)，?以擴(kuò)大裝載范圍。?星輪式機(jī)構(gòu)比耙爪式簡(jiǎn)單、強(qiáng)度高、工作可靠，但裝大塊物料的能力較差。?裝載機(jī)構(gòu)方案是既能裝設(shè)耙爪式也可裝設(shè)星輪式，?兩者可以互換使用。?通常，?應(yīng)選擇耙爪式裝載機(jī)構(gòu)，但考慮裝載寬度問(wèn)題，可選擇雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)，也可設(shè)計(jì)成?耙爪與星輪可互換的裝載機(jī)構(gòu)。部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)多采用刮板鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī)構(gòu)。輸送?機(jī)構(gòu)一般是由機(jī)尾向機(jī)頭方向傾斜向上布置的。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)可采用聯(lián)合驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，?即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)和減速器布置在刮板輸送機(jī)靠近機(jī)身一側(cè)，?在驅(qū)動(dòng)裝載機(jī)?構(gòu)同時(shí)，間接地以輸送機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)尾為主動(dòng)軸帶動(dòng)刮板輸送機(jī)構(gòu)工作。這樣傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)?中元件少、機(jī)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但裝載與輸送機(jī)構(gòu)二者運(yùn)動(dòng)相牽連，相互影響大。由?于該位置空間較小布置較困難。?輸送機(jī)構(gòu)采用獨(dú)立的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，?即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)布置在遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)器的一?端，通過(guò)減速裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)輸送機(jī)構(gòu)。這種驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)布置簡(jiǎn)單，和裝載機(jī)?構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)互不影響。但由于傳動(dòng)裝置和動(dòng)力元件較多，故障點(diǎn)有所增加。?目前，這兩種輸送機(jī)構(gòu)均有采用，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)酌情確定。一般常采用與裝載機(jī)?構(gòu)相同的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式。?裝載機(jī)構(gòu)可以采用電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，?也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。?但考慮工作環(huán)境潮濕、?有泥水，選用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)為好。
?c．行走機(jī)構(gòu)。行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般采用履帶型式，履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)適用于底板不?平或松軟的條件，不需修路鋪軌。具有牽引能力大，機(jī)動(dòng)性能好、工作可靠、調(diào)?動(dòng)靈活和對(duì)底板適應(yīng)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、零部件磨損較嚴(yán)重。目前部分???斷面掘進(jìn)機(jī)通常采用履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)。兩條履帶分別由各自的動(dòng)力來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)，可實(shí)?現(xiàn)原地轉(zhuǎn)向。履帶的驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力有電動(dòng)機(jī)和液壓馬達(dá)兩種，電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一般只設(shè)置?一種行走速度，液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)可采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)直接帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪，或采用?中速液壓馬達(dá)減速器帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪的傳動(dòng)方式，它可實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)極調(diào)速。?履帶結(jié)構(gòu)型式有滑動(dòng)和滾動(dòng)兩種，當(dāng)機(jī)器調(diào)動(dòng)速度≤10m/min?的中、輕型掘?進(jìn)機(jī)，宜采用滑動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式；當(dāng)機(jī)器的調(diào)動(dòng)速度>10m/min?的重型、特重型掘進(jìn)?機(jī)，應(yīng)采用滾動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式。?
d．液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓系統(tǒng)多采用開(kāi)式系統(tǒng)多路閥集中控制(直接操縱或遙控操?縱)方式。以往國(guó)內(nèi)外多采用齒輪泵，近年來(lái)掘進(jìn)機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)采用柱塞泵有增多?的趨勢(shì)。?e．電控系統(tǒng)。電控系統(tǒng)包括動(dòng)力部分、控制部分和檢測(cè)部分。電控系統(tǒng)必?須按照煤礦井下防爆要求設(shè)計(jì)、制造、檢驗(yàn)，必須符合?GB3836-2000?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的?有關(guān)規(guī)定和要求。為了提高掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)時(shí)的安全性，操作的靈活性?以及機(jī)械?傳動(dòng)部分的故障診斷及監(jiān)控功能，從實(shí)用角度考慮，裝設(shè)必要的離機(jī)遙控裝置、?測(cè)控壓力、溫度、液位及關(guān)鍵部位的故障診斷裝置。?
?3總體布置?
????總體布置的內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面：1）確定各部件在整機(jī)說(shuō)的位置，并對(duì)外形尺寸提出要求；?2）確定各部件、部件與整機(jī)之間的連接方式；3）估算整機(jī)重量，并對(duì)各部件的重量提出要求；?4）布置各操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、司機(jī)座位等；?5）審核個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)空間，排除可能發(fā)生的運(yùn)動(dòng)干涉。???
????在掘進(jìn)機(jī)總體布置時(shí)，需注意以下問(wèn)題：?（1）工作機(jī)構(gòu)減速器減速器的進(jìn)、出軸盡量同軸線(xiàn)；?（2）懸臂和鏟板的尺寸關(guān)系相適應(yīng)，既有利于裝載，又要避免截割頭截割?鏟板；?（3）懸臂的水平和垂直擺動(dòng)中心的位置可以重合，也可以不重合。從增加?機(jī)器的穩(wěn)定性看，擺動(dòng)這些都高度應(yīng)盡量降低。在保證懸臂不與其他機(jī)構(gòu)干涉的?條件下，?擺動(dòng)中心的位置應(yīng)盡量靠后，?但必須保證中心在機(jī)器的縱向?qū)ΨQ(chēng)平面內(nèi)；?（4）當(dāng)各主要部件設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)之后。應(yīng)進(jìn)行校核，不滿(mǎn)足需求時(shí)需僅需調(diào)整，?使重心位于履帶中心稍偏前且小于?L/6（L?為履帶接地長(zhǎng)度）?。此外，還需求重心?位置在截割機(jī)構(gòu)回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)中心線(xiàn)之后，而且重心高度越低越好，以提高機(jī)器作業(yè)時(shí)?的穩(wěn)定性。?（5）總體布置應(yīng)考慮左右兩側(cè)重量對(duì)稱(chēng)并照顧工作習(xí)慣及方便操作。司機(jī)?座一般設(shè)在機(jī)身左側(cè)、且位于機(jī)身后部，座椅高度應(yīng)保證司機(jī)的視線(xiàn)，使其哪個(gè)?很好地操縱機(jī)器，截割出規(guī)則的巷道；?（6）操縱臺(tái)位置要適當(dāng)，應(yīng)保證司機(jī)操縱方便、省力。儀表顯示裝置的位?置要便于司機(jī)觀察，又不分散司機(jī)正常操作的注意力。?
3.1傳動(dòng)型式及動(dòng)力元件的選擇?
????a．傳動(dòng)型式及元件選擇應(yīng)遵循的原則?（1）技術(shù)先進(jìn)性：能夠改善機(jī)器性能，提高生產(chǎn)率；?（2）經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性：傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)盡量簡(jiǎn)單、元件少，易加工，價(jià)格低，維修容?易，使用壽命長(zhǎng)；?（3）工作可靠性:傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性表現(xiàn)為元件使用壽命，因此也是對(duì)元件?質(zhì)量的要求；?（4）適應(yīng)性：元件應(yīng)適應(yīng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的載荷、工況及環(huán)境等條件的要求。
?b．各機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求及傳動(dòng)型式的選擇?掘進(jìn)機(jī)的截割、裝載、運(yùn)輸、行走等機(jī)構(gòu)一般均為分別傳動(dòng)，各部件受力狀?態(tài)及工作條件不同，因而傳動(dòng)型式有不同的要求。?（1）工作機(jī)構(gòu)要求有較大的短時(shí)過(guò)載能力，而油馬達(dá)對(duì)沖擊負(fù)荷很敏感，?過(guò)載負(fù)荷能力低，影響截割頭正常連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。所以，掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)宜采用電?動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)型式。應(yīng)利用體積小、功率大、過(guò)負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)的專(zhuān)用電動(dòng)?機(jī)，并配備可靠的電氣保護(hù)裝置。根據(jù)工作機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的特點(diǎn)，通常工作機(jī)構(gòu)?的減速器設(shè)在懸臂內(nèi)，成為懸臂的組成部分。截割頭調(diào)速方式一般采用配換掛輪?的方法，變速機(jī)構(gòu)力求簡(jiǎn)單。?（2）耙裝機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)裝置的特點(diǎn)是：減速器需裝在尺寸有限的鏟板下部，因?而設(shè)計(jì)空間較小，?工作條件惡劣。?減速器經(jīng)常浸泡在煤巖泥水中，?卡料時(shí)易過(guò)載。?耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，用于電動(dòng)機(jī)尺寸較大，不便在輸送機(jī)尾安?裝，一般是在鏟板上部?jī)蓚?cè)安裝兩臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)，作為耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的共同動(dòng)力，?這樣勢(shì)必使減速箱的尺寸增大，在鏟板下布置較緊張。此外，考慮耙爪及鏈板卡?鏈過(guò)載情況，?為保護(hù)電動(dòng)機(jī)不至燒毀，?一般需要在減速器內(nèi)設(shè)安全摩擦片離合器。?耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用齒輪油馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)，由于尺寸小、重量輕，可使二者分?別傳動(dòng)，從而簡(jiǎn)化傳動(dòng)裝置，便于在鏟板下布置，便于設(shè)計(jì)密封效果好的機(jī)械密?封或?qū)p速器與鏟板分離，同時(shí)可實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。?（3）履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式有電動(dòng)機(jī)和油馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)兩種方式。分別通過(guò)?機(jī)械減速裝置或直接由油馬達(dá)帶動(dòng)履帶的主動(dòng)鏈輪運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。?機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)，一般是將電動(dòng)機(jī)裝于兩條履帶減速器后部，制動(dòng)?方式采用機(jī)械液壓制動(dòng)方式。這種傳動(dòng)方式傳動(dòng)可靠性高，電動(dòng)機(jī)價(jià)格低，維修?容易，但不能調(diào)速，減速箱體積較大，巷道淋水大時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)易受潮而燒毀。?履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)采用液壓傳動(dòng)型式，系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、性能較好、技術(shù)先進(jìn)。液壓傳?動(dòng)的行走機(jī)構(gòu)中，在液壓馬達(dá)型式選擇及調(diào)速方式設(shè)計(jì)方面，有不同的方案。?采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)，其特點(diǎn)是系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，尺寸小、重量輕，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)?無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速及過(guò)載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。但液壓馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)復(fù)雜、制造費(fèi)用高，維護(hù)較難。?采用齒輪油馬達(dá),容積效率高，耐沖擊性能好，維修容易，造價(jià)較低，一臺(tái)?10KW?左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的價(jià)格只有同功率徑向柱塞馬達(dá)的?1/10；尺寸小、重量輕。?一臺(tái)?10KW?左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的重量，僅為同功率低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的?1/18，為電動(dòng)?機(jī)重量的?1/13。采用齒輪油馬達(dá)后，減速器尺寸雖然較低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的大，?但較電動(dòng)式的?。∕RH-S50-13?型機(jī)的減速器傳動(dòng)比?i=328）?。因此可方便地將馬?達(dá)、減速器、液壓制動(dòng)閥、緊鏈裝置等安裝于履帶架中間。這種方式在技術(shù)性能?上優(yōu)于機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，?在經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)上優(yōu)于低速大扭矩馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)。?因此具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。?行走機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)速方式有兩種，一種是采用變量泵。另一種是采用分流或并流?的調(diào)速方案，如?MRH-S50-13?型機(jī)，即在機(jī)器快速調(diào)動(dòng)時(shí)，停止向裝載馬達(dá)供油，?僅向行走馬達(dá)供油，使掘進(jìn)機(jī)有兩種行走速度。?
3.2確定整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)?
????掘進(jìn)機(jī)整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)包括尺寸參數(shù)?(長(zhǎng)×寬×高)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參?數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)。???
??1）尺寸參數(shù)?
????整機(jī)長(zhǎng)度、寬度的大小直接與其轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑有關(guān)，推薦輕型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度≤7．5m，?中型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度≤8．5m，重型機(jī)≤l0m，對(duì)應(yīng)的寬度分別為≤1.6m，≤2.5m，≤3m。?整機(jī)的高度直接關(guān)系到它的動(dòng)、靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性，適應(yīng)范圍和通過(guò)性的好壞，因?此越低越好。當(dāng)今中外機(jī)型發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是矮機(jī)型，中、重型機(jī)高度?1.6～2m，特輕?型、輕型機(jī)的高度?1.4～1.6m。掘進(jìn)機(jī)可掘巷道斷面的最大、最小高度和寬度應(yīng)?滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)的要求。臥底深度?250~400mm,離地間隙?C=B/13+84(mm)，B?為兩?履帶中心距)。中間輸送機(jī)龍門(mén)口過(guò)料高度最好為?400mm，履帶接地長(zhǎng)度?L?與其?中心距?B?之比應(yīng)為?L/B≤1.6。?????
2）重量參數(shù)?
????整機(jī)自重是掘進(jìn)機(jī)的—個(gè)重要參數(shù)，機(jī)重太輕，工作穩(wěn)定性下降，擺動(dòng)截割?時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生擺尾現(xiàn)象、截割效率下降，截齒磨耗率增加；機(jī)重太重時(shí)，機(jī)動(dòng)性差，?轉(zhuǎn)向靈活性下降?！闼淖灾乜砂?w=(t)估算，式中?N?為截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率，kW；?V?為截割頭平均截割速度，m/s；也可參照現(xiàn)有掘進(jìn)機(jī)用類(lèi)比法來(lái)確定，機(jī)重(t)?與截割功率?（kW）?之比為?0．?25～0．?對(duì)于一般煤、?4。?巖底板，?許用值?????≤0.14MPa；?對(duì)于水軟化的泥質(zhì)頁(yè)巖底板，?????≤0．05MPa。?????
3）運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)?
截割機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)：截割頭的平均截割速度?V：對(duì)煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度?σ?c?≤?40MPaV=3~3.5m/s；?σ?c?≤?60MPaV=2~2．5m/s，?σ?c?>60MPa．V=l~2m/s。?但最終切割速度由切割技術(shù)來(lái)確定。?????
4）動(dòng)力參數(shù)?
????掘進(jìn)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力源都采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率大小。實(shí)際上一般采?用類(lèi)比法，再結(jié)合掘進(jìn)機(jī)一些個(gè)性因素及經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)確定。?掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)過(guò)程中，縱軸式和橫軸式部需要足夠的掏槽推進(jìn)力和擺動(dòng)(水?平方向和垂直方向)力。?根據(jù)俄羅斯(原蘇聯(lián))在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果得知，截割煤巖的普氏硬度?f=4~6(相當(dāng)于?0?C=40~60MPa)，研磨系數(shù)?F=5~7mg／mm2。截割時(shí)的擺動(dòng)力?(牽?引力)Pv=(1～1．34)P，P=M／Rcp，式中?P?為截割頭上的平均截割力；Rcp?為截?割頭平均半徑；?為截割頭上的額定扭矩。?M?掏槽時(shí)的進(jìn)給力(軸向推力)R；?(1.8～?2.5)Pv，此力不得大于履帶對(duì)底板打滑時(shí)的極限牽引力。?
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