英語(yǔ)過去完成時(shí)的用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)題附答案.doc
《英語(yǔ)過去完成時(shí)的用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)題附答案.doc》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《英語(yǔ)過去完成時(shí)的用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)題附答案.doc(8頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
定義過去完成時(shí)(past perfect)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞vpp.(done) 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞. 否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞. 一般疑問句:Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞? 肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+had. 否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+had not . 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞)? 基本用法(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示,還可能通過上下文來(lái)表示。 例如: By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。 (2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí)候,我在車站已等了20分鐘。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。 (3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后,反過來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常使用過去完成時(shí)。 例如: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知,因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 (4)在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果敘述的是過去的事,先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。 例如: I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。 (5)過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。 例如: He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 (6) 狀語(yǔ)從句:在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的 例如: When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。 She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。 注意:如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過去完成時(shí),特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中,因?yàn)?這 時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。 例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。 (7)動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。 例如: They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙,但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。 (8)過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 例如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan,yet,already等。 過去完成時(shí)-語(yǔ)法判定1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說來(lái),各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: ( 1 ) by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來(lái)判定。 過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”,是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在: ( 1 )賓語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )狀語(yǔ)從句中 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如: After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意: before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如: After he closed the door, he left the classroom. (3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示原本,未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 過去完成時(shí)-語(yǔ)法區(qū)別一、 過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”;過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”,只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它。 比較:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么,我只等了幾分鐘。(“等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在) 二、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同:過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”;而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。 比較:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷:先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí),按時(shí)間順序,只需用一般過去時(shí)來(lái)代替過去完成時(shí);另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后,因此也可以用過去時(shí)來(lái)代替過去完成時(shí)。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.過去完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).二句型轉(zhuǎn)換1I had sold the ticket when she came.(改否定句)2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.(改否定句)3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.(否定)4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. (改一般疑問)5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改一般疑問)6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. (改一般疑問)7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)8.When he had read the note, he ate it. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. (用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句)13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. (用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句)14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句)After we _, we _ 15.He showed us the picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句)Before he _, he_.參考答案:一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. had painted. moved 2. had made . died 3. had studiedleft4. had run away.arrived5. had turned off went 6. went had made 7. said had read 8 failed had made 9. (had) finished left 10. were having/had had got 11. arrived .had left 12. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had .done 15 didnt go had been 16. hasnt told 17 had given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing was singing二句型轉(zhuǎn)換1I hadnt sold the ticket when she came. 2. She hadnt sung a song to us before she danced. 3. They didnt begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.4. Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m? 5. Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet? 6. Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport? 7. What had he done when you saw him? 8.What did he do when he had read the note? 9. Why didnt Jack go to the cinema? 10. How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child? 11.What had she written by the end of 1960? 12.After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up. 13.Jims father mended the car because it had been broken. 14.After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday. 15. Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture.- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問題本站不予受理。
- 2.下載的文檔,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)我們的網(wǎng)址水印。
- 3、該文檔所得收入(下載+內(nèi)容+預(yù)覽)歸上傳者、原創(chuàng)作者;如果您是本文檔原作者,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)此認(rèn)領(lǐng)!既往收益都?xì)w您。
下載文檔到電腦,查找使用更方便
9.9 積分
下載 |
- 配套講稿:
如PPT文件的首頁(yè)顯示word圖標(biāo),表示該P(yáng)PT已包含配套word講稿。雙擊word圖標(biāo)可打開word文檔。
- 特殊限制:
部分文檔作品中含有的國(guó)旗、國(guó)徽等圖片,僅作為作品整體效果示例展示,禁止商用。設(shè)計(jì)者僅對(duì)作品中獨(dú)創(chuàng)性部分享有著作權(quán)。
- 關(guān) 鍵 詞:
- 英語(yǔ) 過去完成時(shí) 用法 總結(jié) 練習(xí)題 答案
鏈接地址:http://appdesigncorp.com/p-9671250.html